summary

Microbial cells are rich in protein, and protein is an indispensable nutrient for people and animals, which is one of the reasons why microbial food is favored. Another important reason why people are keen on developing microbial food is that it can solve the contradiction between food supply and demand caused by people's increasing demand for protein.

Microbial cells; Protein; nutrient

Two introductions

Food shortage, especially in protein, is threatening our humanity. In this case, it is very important to develop new food resources. In all kinds of food we eat, besides animal food and plant food, microbial food is also included. In fact, humans began to eat microorganisms at a very young age. For example, the delicious fragrant shavings we eat are colonies formed by fungi, and others such as auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum are all edible microorganisms with great nutritional and medicinal value. Now it has been widely cultivated and utilized by people.

Sanzhengwen

Single cell protein definition

Single cell protein is a bacterial protein obtained by culturing single cell organisms.

Advantages of single cell protein

SCP is rich in nutrition.

Second, the use of raw materials can be based on local materials, and the problem of raw materials can be solved in large quantities at low cost.

Third, the yield is high. Generally speaking, the productivity of protein is in direct proportion to the weight doubling time of pigs, cattle and sheep.

(4) The labor productivity is high, the production is not limited by the seasonal climate, and it is easy to be controlled manually. At the same time, because the space occupied by stereoscopic culture in large fermentor is small.

The production of single-cell protein can be completely industrialized, which requires less labor than agricultural production and is not limited by geographical, seasonal and climatic conditions. It can be carried out on small equipment with limited space, which is not only large in quantity, but also good in quality, far exceeding the existing food varieties in protein.

Single-celled organisms are easy to mutate and are easier to improve than animal and plant varieties. Physical, chemical and biological methods can be used for directional mutation breeding to obtain excellent strains with high protein content, good quality, delicious taste and easy extraction of protein.

Types, Conditions and Production Technology of Single Cell Protein

There are many kinds of microorganisms used to produce single-cell proteins, including bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, molds and some protozoa. These microorganisms usually have the following conditions: the protein and other nutrients produced are high in content, have no pathogenic effect on human body, have good taste, are easy to digest and absorb, have simple requirements on culture conditions, and grow and propagate rapidly. The production process of single-cell protein is also relatively simple: after the culture solution is prepared and sterilized, they and the strain are put into a fermentor, and the fermentation conditions are controlled, so that the strain will multiply rapidly; After the fermentation, the bacteria were collected by centrifugation, precipitation and other methods, and finally dried to make the single cell protein finished product.

Single cell protein characteristics

(1) In an ideal situation, the strain can easily double the single cell protein yield, and the time required is 500 times faster than that required for doubling the protein quality of crops and 5000 times faster than that required for doubling the yield of other common livestock 1000-5000 times.

(2) The experiment developed by single cell protein is easier to carry out than the experiment on crops or livestock, and valuable data and results can be obtained in a short time.

(3) The production of single cell protein is not limited by season, space and sunshine.

The role of single cell protein

Microbial fermentation can produce a large number of microbial proteins, which can not only be directly eaten by human beings, but also be used as high-protein feed for livestock and poultry, providing us with high-quality and high-priced meat proteins. Its fat content is only 10% of lean beef, which is very popular among consumers. On the one hand, the development of microbial protein food can alleviate the contradiction between arable land reduction and food shortage, on the other hand, the development of high-protein microbial protein food is also conducive to improving people's food structure.

1 as feed additive for livestock and poultry

According to analysis, the content of protein in yeast single cell protein is 45%-55%, which is more than 30% higher than that of soybean. The content of protein in bacterial single cell protein is as high as 70%, which is 50% higher than that of soybean and 20% higher than that of fish meal. Therefore, adding single cell protein additives to various feeds can achieve the effects of making pigs grow faster and making cows produce more milk. For example, as long as 3% ~ 10% single cell protein is added to livestock feed, the nutritional value and utilization rate of feed can be greatly improved.

As an edible protein.

Single cell protein is rich in nutrition. The content of protein is as high as 40% ~ 80%, which is higher than soybean 10% ~ 20% and higher than meat, fish and cheese by more than 20%. The composition of amino acids is relatively complete, including 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, especially lysine with less content in grains. Single cell protein also contains a variety of vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and rich enzymes and bioactive substances, such as coenzyme A, coenzyme Q, glutathione, ergosterol and so on. Single cell protein can not only be made into "artificial meat" for people to eat directly, but also improve some physical properties of food.

Significance of developing single cell protein

Protein is the basic substance to sustain life, and it is the main component of enzymes, hormones and immunoglobulins in human organs, tissues and bodies. There has been a shortage of protein in the world for many years. Using biotechnology to develop single cell proteins is an important way to solve this problem. Single cell protein is an important source of protein in modern feed industry and food industry. However, as a cutting-edge scientific and technological product, single-cell protein is still in its infancy, especially in China, with broad development prospects.

Four references

[1] Lili. Yang Kunming. Modern biotechnology and animal husbandry

[2] Luan Yujing. Development and Utilization of Single Cell Protein

[3] Wei Yao. single cell protein