Postgraduate thesis on situation and policy
Discussion on Security Problems around China
A safe and stable surrounding environment is the most important external condition for China's socialist modernization. The situation around China is frequent in many directions, and the security issues around China are related to the development of national security situation and the maintenance of national sovereignty. China must shape the corresponding national security awareness, meet the many challenges it will face, and strive to create a good surrounding security environment.
Keywords: security, stability and turmoil around China
Recently, some changes have taken place in the security environment around China, and the instability and uncertainty have increased. In the relations between China and its neighboring countries, some disputes and frictions are constantly emerging, such as Sino-Vietnamese maritime disputes, Sino-Indian border territorial disputes, Sino-Philippine South China Sea disputes, and Sino-Japanese territorial disputes. Therefore, we must keep a clear understanding, resolutely safeguard the country's territorial sovereignty and national interests, and ensure the security and stability of China's surrounding environment.
I. Disputes over maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea
Among the security challenges around China, the Sino-Vietnamese maritime dispute and the Sino-Japanese Diaoyu Islands dispute are undoubtedly the most prominent in recent days. Recently, the contradiction between China and Vietnam has been further intensified, and Sino-Vietnamese ships collided and Sino-Vietnamese border incidents continued. At present, China has terminated all its trade with Vietnam and strengthened the management and protection of its borders. In fact, the South China Sea dispute between China and Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries is not only an island dispute, but also a maritime delimitation and resource development dispute. In this regard, China has always advocated comprehensive management, and * * * wins through development cooperation. A few days ago, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe made some inappropriate remarks, which cast a shadow over Sino-Japanese relations. In fact, in addition to the dispute over the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands, there is also the issue of the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone of the East China Sea and the continental shelf. These issues are disputes over resources and geographical advantages, and the loss of these maritime rights and interests will endanger China's national security.
The sea power dispute between China and Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries is essentially China's peeping into the marine resources of these countries and its unreasonable possession and plunder. 2 1 century is the century of the ocean. With the increasingly serious shortage of energy resources, people gradually turn more attention to marine resources. Because the South China Sea is rich in oil, fish and other resources, all countries around China want to profit from it.
Second, the United States "returns" to the Asia-Pacific region and wants to continue to be a "world leader."
With the actual development of American strategy moving eastward, East Asia and Central Asia will become the focus of American military deployment and strategic struggle, which will inevitably increase the military pressure on China. Recently, the United States made some wrong remarks, which led to the rigidity of Sino-US relations, and China was not to blame.
At present, the global strategic focus of the United States has shifted from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and the focus of its military deployment has also been adjusted accordingly. A large number of advanced naval and air forces are gradually deployed to East Asia. At the same time, in order to control the energy resources in Central Asia, the United States has also accelerated the pace of seeking power in Central Asia, both competing for the sphere of influence with Russia and containing China. Although China and the United States are getting closer and closer in the fields of economic cooperation and political dialogue, as the only superpower in the world today, the United States will never change its defensive stance towards China. American strategy attaches great importance to foresight. Not three or five years, but twenty or even twenty or thirty years. They can't be completely at ease with the rapid development of China, so it is necessary to take preventive measures militarily. Under this circumstance, the "strategic collision" between China and the United States in Northeast Asia, East China Sea, South China Sea and Central Asia is inevitable. If these problems are not handled properly, it will not only cause friction or even conflict between China and the United States, but also affect the stability of the surrounding areas of China.
Third, the countermeasures should be taken in the face of complex surrounding environment.
Facing the complicated and changeable surrounding environment, China should speed up the planning of "Great Peripheral Strategy", distinguish different situations between land and sea, coordinate all major geographical directions, continue to keep a low profile in view of regional hotspots, do something, and crack the "smart strength" of the United States and the "small tricks" of individual neighboring countries.
(A) the "big peripheral strategy" should emphasize the following two principles.
First, the peripheral strategy should not be "more feminine than masculine", including the South China Sea issue and the Nansha dispute. The full meaning of China's "taking the road of peaceful development" should be made clear at home and abroad. Peaceful development never excludes self-defense and counterattack to defend one's legitimate interests. Individual neighboring countries should "wake up" as soon as possible and get rid of illusions and fantasies, so as to avoid being punished and "repented" for provoking China in the future. At the same time, speed up the construction of "hard power" and focus on improving the long-range defense and strike capability of sea and air.
Second, "politics and economy complement each other", and "politics" refers to political and security affairs. We should face up to the conflict of security interests between China and some ASEAN countries in the South China Sea, so that the United States can take advantage of this. China's economic interests are basically the same as those of neighboring countries, but its security interests. There are conflicts (territorial and maritime rights disputes, etc.). ), so these neighboring countries "depend on China in economy and the United States in security" and use the United States to "restrict" China in security. To solve this dilemma, we must suit the remedy to the case and learn from each other's strengths. Economy is China's advantage, while security is China's disadvantage and shortcoming. We should properly resolve the conflict of security interests while expanding common economic interests. It is necessary to link economy with security, promote security cooperation or restrain security conflicts by economic means, including imposing economic sanctions on countries that infringe on China's rights and interests, and relevant sanctions should accurately hit the other side's "sore spot".
(2) Strive to maintain the stability of Sino-US relations.
The United States is the only superpower in the world today and has great influence on global affairs and Asian affairs. The attitude of the United States can influence the policies of Japan, South Korea, Australia and many countries in Southeast Asia to a considerable extent. Behind many hot issues around China, there is the shadow of the United States. Because China is regarded by the United States as the country with the greatest potential to challenge its dominant position in the future, the defensive side of the US China policy cannot disappear for a long time. However, the United States also has important interests in maintaining the stability of Sino-US relations. In many international affairs, the United States needs China's cooperation. Therefore, as long as both sides make enough efforts, Sino-US relations can maintain a relatively stable situation.
Third, develop good-neighborly diplomacy and expand China's influence in neighboring countries.
With the enhancement of comprehensive strength, China's ability to create a good surrounding environment has also increased accordingly. Although China has exerted some influence in the surrounding areas, it is not commensurate with the comprehensive strength of China. At present, the most important pillar of China's relations with many neighboring countries is still at the level of economic cooperation. How to strengthen the political and strategic cooperation between China and some neighboring countries and establish a highly stable strategic relationship that can stand the test of international environmental changes is still a goal to be achieved. Looking into the future, the security and stability of the surrounding areas are the only way for China to rise peacefully. We fully realize that China is connected with neighboring countries by mountains and rivers and has vital interests, and will further build a stable, friendly and prosperous peripheral strategy and a close peripheral destiny.
But in the face of challenges, we should always keep a clear head, always be vigilant and take precautions everywhere. At the same time, we should strengthen the coordination between economic means and security policies in neighboring diplomacy, and be good at planning economic means to achieve our own political goals. Strengthen the supporting role for national interests by developing military forces, strive for and create a better surrounding environment by moderately using the deterrence of hard power, safeguard the security and stability around China, and provide a stable surrounding environment for realizing the Chinese dream.