The primary halo axis zoning sequence of 63 typical gold deposits in China is summarized, the characteristics of primary halo axis (perpendicular to zoning sequence) of major gold deposits in China are counted, and the primary halo axis zoning sequence of gold deposits in China is summarized. According to the viewpoint that gold mineralization and halo formation have multi-stage superposition, the criterion of predicting blind ore by axial zoning sequence is determined.
An important research content of establishing geochemical anomaly model of gold deposits and determining blind ore prediction index is to study and calculate the axial (vertical) zoning sequence of primary halo of typical gold deposits. It can not only roughly determine the geochemical vertical zoning law of the deposit, determine the characteristic indicator elements of the leading edge halo and the tail halo, but also provide a basis for selecting parameters with vertical variation law (such as element ratio, accumulation ratio, accumulation ratio, etc.). ) can also be directly used to predict blind ore and judge the degree of ore body erosion.
Exploration geochemists at home and abroad have done a lot of work on the study of primary halo axial zoning sequence, and the former Soviet Union has calculated and summarized a large number of primary halo zoning sequence of typical gold deposits. China has also accumulated a great deal of data in the study of primary halo zoning sequence of typical gold deposits, especially in the 30 projects of the National Key Project of Gold Geology and Science in the Eighth Five-Year Plan "Study on the prospecting model of main types of gold deposits in China", the primary halo zoning sequence of 63 typical gold deposits has been calculated. The calculation methods of zoning sequence mainly adopt the methods of C.B. grigoryan (Grigoryan's method) and B.M. Kvyatkovsky (Krzyzewski's method), and a few people adopt their own simple methods, and the results are similar to Grignard's method and Krzyzewski's method.
1) Axial zoning sequence of primary halo in typical gold deposits.
Table 1-2-9 lists the axial zoning sequence of primary halos in 80 typical gold deposits of different types and scales in China. Using the axial zoning sequence of typical deposits in this mining area (belt), it is closest to reality to determine the indicator elements of the front and back halo characteristics of the deposits, and the prediction accuracy of blind deposits in this mining area and its adjacent areas is high.
2) Statistical laws of axial zoning sequence of primary halo in gold deposits of different types and scales.
Different types of gold deposits have different material sources and different element combinations, and the test elements of each deposit are also different. Therefore, the calculated elements of different types and sizes of gold deposits are different from those in zoning sequence.
The statistical law of axial zoning sequence of gold deposits of different types and scales hAs a great * * *: elements with strong geochemical activity and volatility, such as Hg, B, F, As, Sb and Ba, always appear in the front and upper parts of ore bodies, while elements such as Ag, Pb, Zn and Cu always appear in the middle of ore bodies together with Au***, and elements such as Bi, Mo, Mn, Co and Ni always appear. In different types, the axial zoning sequence of greenstone belt type gold deposits is more similar to sedimentary rock type gold deposits (table 1-2- 10).
The axial zoning sequence of different types of gold deposits is also different. In addition to the combination of elements, the indicator elements Hg, B, F, As, Sb and Ba are in the upper and front parts of the ore body, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn and Cu are in the middle part of the ore body, and the order of Bi, Mo, Mn, Co and Ni in the tail halo is also different (according to different statistical probabilities). Among them, the order of Pb and Zn in volcanic-subvolcanic and skarn gold deposits is inclined to the upper part of the ore body, Ba is located before small and medium-sized gold deposits in large and super-large gold deposits, and B is inclined to the middle of the ore body in small and medium-sized gold deposits. W is located at the tail of the ore body in most deposits, and only one Zhuangguan large gold deposit appears at the front of the ore body, forming a good front anomaly. The axial zoning sequence of different types and scales of gold deposits is one of the important bases for finding the same type of gold deposits, determining the indicator elements of head and tail halo and predicting blind deposits.
Table 1-2-9 The primary halo axis of typical gold deposits of main gold types in China is perpendicular to zoning sequence.
sequential
sequential
sequential
Note: ① Calculate the vertical zoning sequence according to the average values of elements at different elevations of the ore body; (2) The occurrence of "reverse zoning" has proved that there are blind ore bodies in the deep or under the edge or that the ore bodies extend downward greatly; (3) It is predicted that there is a blind ore body in the deep or the ore body extends downward greatly; ★ It is the research result of Li Hui and Yu Bin from 2000 to 20 10.
3) Axial zoning sequence characteristics of primary halo in large and super-large gold deposits.
The axial zoning sequence of primary halo in large and super-large gold deposits is basically the same as the axial zoning sequence of small and medium-sized gold deposits, and there is no essential difference. In every mineralization process, Hg, B, F, As, Sb and Ba are all enriched in the front and upper part of the ore body to form anomalies, while Bi, Mo, Mn, Co and Ni always appear in the lower part and tail halo of the ore body, while Au and Ag*** precipitation are positively correlated.
Table 1-2- 10 Statistical Law of Axial zoning sequence of Primary Halo of Main Gold Deposits and Deposits of Different Sizes in China
Note: () indicates the number of typical mineral deposits.
2. China gold deposit primary halo axial (vertical) comprehensive zoning sequence [16]
Based on the probability statistics of axial zoning sequence of primary halos in 80 typical gold deposits, the comprehensive axial (vertical) zoning sequence of primary halos in China gold deposits is obtained, which is from top to bottom:
Structural superposition halo method of blind ore and its prospecting effect
3. Axial zoning characteristics and "reverse zoning" sequence of primary superimposed halos in gold deposits.
The mineralization (halo) of gold deposits has the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-stage superimposed mineralization (halo), and each mineralization (single stage) has its own fore halo and tail halo, which belongs to positive zoning. The spatial superposition results of ore bodies (halos) formed in different metallogenic stages will affect the zoning sequence calculation to a certain extent, and even "reverse (directional) zoning" or "reverse zoning" will appear, that is, the indicator elements of characteristic leading edge halos, Hg, As and Sb, appear in the middle or lower part of the ore body, especially large and super-large gold deposits and rich ores are formed by multi-stage superposition, and often "reverse zoning" will appear.
On the contrary, the "anti-zonation" formed by multi-stage superposition constitutes an important basis for predicting deep blind deposits, such as Jinqingding super-large gold deposit, and the exploration depth of 1987 is 400m m. The research shows that the axial zoning order is from top to bottom: Sb-Pb-Zn-Hg-Cu-As-Mo-Ag-Au-Bi, where Hg and As are. 1989 exploration confirmed that the ore body was not quenched after 700 meters extension. At this time, the zoning sequence of ore bodies over 700 m is calculated, from top to bottom: Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo-Sb-as-Ag-Au-Bi, in which Sb and As still appear in the middle and lower parts, indicating that the ore bodies formed by deep superposition have just appeared, and the downward extension of the ore bodies is still very large, which has been controlled at present. For another example, the vertical depth of Lingshangou large-scale gold deposit is nearly 500m, and its zoning order is from top to bottom: Au-Cu-Ag-Sb-As-Pb-Zn-Bi-Mo-Mn, in which Sb, As, Pb and Zn are all in the middle and lower parts, and another ore body halo appears in the anomaly, indicating that the mine still has great possibility of extending to the deep part. The upper part of Dongping gold deposit is of time-dependent pulse type, and the downward transition is of altered rock type. The partition sequence is divided into upper segment and lower segment. The upper stress pulse pattern is As-Cu-Pb-Au-Zn-Sb-Ag-Bi-Hg-Mo from top to bottom, in which Sb and Hg are low ("reverse zoning"), indicating the existence of lower ore bodies, but the zoning order of lower ore bodies is from top to bottom.
Table 1-2- 1 1 statistical law of axial zoning sequence of primary halo in large and super-large gold deposits in China
Note: ① There is no horizontal line between Hg, As and Sb to indicate that the probability is equal; (2) Ore deposit scale: extra large: 50 ~ 100 tons, large: 20 ~ 50 tons, medium: 5 ~ 20 tons, small:
4. The axial "anti-zonation" sequence of primary halo is an important sign to predict blind ore.
When studying the primary halo axis (vertical) zoning sequence of gold deposits, it is found that the primary halo axis (vertical) of many gold deposits is not perpendicular to zoning sequence, and the characteristic leading edge halo indicator elements such As B, As, Hg, F, s B and Ba appear in the middle and lower part or tail of zoning sequence, showing an "abnormal or anti-zonation" sequence compared with the comprehensive halo axis (vertical) zoning sequence of China gold deposits summarized above. According to the viewpoint of multi-stage superposition of gold mineralization and halo formation, it is the superposition result of front halo of deep blind ore body, and the "abnormal or anti-zoning" sequence is an important symbol of deep blind ore, so the "anti-zoning" criterion for predicting blind ore is determined:
(1) When the depth of the ore body is not completely controlled, it is calculated that there is an "anomaly or anti-zonation" in the axial zoning sequence, indicating that the downward extension of the ore body is still very large. In table 1-2-9, many deposits have abnormal zoning sequence, which should be a sign of deep blind ore.
(2) The ore body has been controlled by the mine to the tail or the proven ore body has been mined to the root, and its axial zoning sequence is calculated. If "abnormal or reverse zoning" occurs, it indicates that there is a blind ore or a second gold-rich zone (blind ore body) in the deep.
5. Summary and enlightenment
The (1) gold deposit is characterized by multi-stage and multi-stage superimposed mineralization (halo), and the ore bodies (halo) formed in a single stage or different stages have the characteristics of forward zoning, and some ore bodies (halo) formed in different metallogenic periods or only head and tail halos are superimposed to form "abnormal or reverse zoning". Large and super-large gold deposits are mostly the result of multi-stage superimposed mineralization (halo). The actual calculation of the axial zonation of primary halo on a profile often leads to "abnormal zonation or reverse zonation", and the use of "reverse zonation" to predict blind ore has achieved good results
(2) The normal axial zoning sequence of primary halos in different types and scales of gold deposits, such as primary mineralization or ore bodies in the same position or near the same position, are all positive zoning, which has great similarity.
(3) The comprehensive axial (vertical) zoning sequence of primary halo in China gold deposit is obtained statistically, which has the property of * * * or universal law, and is an important symbol sequence for studying the axial zoning sequence of typical gold deposits.
(4) Some problems in the calculation of the axial zoning sequence of the primary halo: For the same gold deposit, different heights, different elements and different selection methods of each element have different calculation results. Because different elevations have different engineering control degrees on the primary halo range of each element, the range of values is also different. Based on the linear metal contents of each element at different altitudes, it is difficult to calculate the unified, total or actual linear metal contents of each element at different altitudes, and its calculation results will inevitably be affected. However, the axial zoning sequence of primary halo in typical gold deposits can qualitatively reflect the axial zoning characteristics of gold deposits.
The axial zoning sequence data of primary halos of 63 typical gold deposits mainly come from: ① Exploration Models of Major Gold Types in China and Essays on Exploration Models of Major Gold Types in China, edited by Zou Guanghua, Ouyang Zongjiao, Li Hui and Zhou Qinglai (Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1997); (2) Geochemical Anomaly Model of Time-Varying Rock-type Gold Deposits edited by Li Hui (Science Press,1991); ③ Collection of Exploration Geophysics and Geochemistry edited by Li and Sun Huanzhen, 1 1 4 sets (Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1990,1992); ④ Journal of Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, No.2 ~ No.6 (Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1987 ~1995); ⑤ The first, second, third, fourth and fifth exploration geochemical essays edited by Geological Society of China Exploration Geochemistry Professional Committee (198 1 ~ 1993).
6. Research of this project-tracing the axial zoning sequence of primary halo of 14 deposit.
From top to bottom:
1) Synchro-pulse type superlarge gold deposit.
Mercury, arsenic, antimony and boron → silver and gold → copper, lead and zinc → bismuth, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt and nickel.
(150 ~ 600 m) Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo→Sb, As→Ag, Au and Bi are abnormally superimposed, and blind ore has been found in the deep part.
2) A large-scale gold deposit of time-pulse type.
(-26→-266m)Bi, Ni, Mo, Sn, Co→Sb, W, Zn, As→Ag, Cu, Au→B, Pb are abnormally superimposed, and blind ore has been found in the deep part.
3) Shandong Xincheng altered rock type superlarge gold deposit.
Mercury, arsenic, antimony, fluorine, boron, barium, strontium, tungsten → gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc → bismuth, molybdenum, manganese and cobalt.
Ore body 1 (gold, silver, copper, antimony, bismuth, tellurium) → (arsenic, lead, molybdenum) → mercury, selenium → cobalt, manganese, zinc, nickel, with abnormal superposition, and blind ore has been found in the deep part.
4) Sanshandao altered rock type superlarge gold deposit in Shandong Province.
Mercury, antimony, arsenic, boron → silver, gold, copper, lead, zinc → bismuth, cobalt, tungsten, manganese, molybdenum → (vanadium), (nickel), (tin).
5) Zhuangzi structural fracture zone type large gold deposit.
Mercury, arsenic, antimony and boron → silver and gold → copper, lead and zinc → bismuth, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt and nickel.
6) The albite cryptoexplosive breccia superlarge gold deposit in Wang Shuang, Shaanxi.
Mercury, boron, antimony and arsenic → silver and gold → manganese, bismuth, molybdenum and cobalt.
7) Liaoning Baiyun structural fracture zone type large gold deposit.
HgAs→SbB→AgAu→CuPbZn→Mo、Mn、Co .
8) The yingshi pulse type large gold deposit in Wulong, Liaoning Province.
Arsenic, antimony, mercury and boron → gold, silver, copper and lead → bismuth, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt.
9) The cryptoexplosive breccia type large gold deposit in Qiyugou, Henan Province.
Arsenic, antimony, mercury → gold, silver, copper, lead → bismuth, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, nickel, vanadium and titanium.
10) Synchro-pulse superlarge gold deposit.
Arsenic, mercury, antimony, barium, boron → gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc → tin, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, bismuth, cobalt, nickel and manganese.
No.3 gold ore body (between 2000- 1700m): molybdenum, boron, antimony → gold, bismuth, tungsten barium → titanium, mercury → manganese, tin, cobalt, chromium → silver, vanadium, copper, nickel, zinc, arsenic and lead. Abnormal superposition, blind ore has been found in the deep.
1 1) Jinchangyu composite vein type large gold deposit
Arsenic, antimony, mercury, boron (tungsten) → gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc → bismuth, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt.
12) A large-scale gold deposit in Dongtongyu, Shaanxi Province.
Arsenic, antimony, mercury and boron → gold, silver, copper and lead → bismuth, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt.
13) Diaoquan skarn type-large silver-copper deposit in Shanxi.
Arsenic, antimony, mercury and boron → silver, copper, lead and zinc → bismuth, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt.
14) jiguanzui skarn super-large copper-gold deposit in Hubei province
I、F、Hg→As、Sb→Li、Be、Ba→Sr、Cs→Ag、Cu、Pb、Au、Zn→Cd、Bi、Co、Mn、Mo→W、Ni、V 、( Tl)、Ce、La .
Line 022 La-Ce → W-Au-Be-Mn-Co-Zn-Ag-Cu → Ti-Li-F-V-Bi-I → CD-Sr-Ba-Pb-TL-Sb-As-Ni-Hg-Mo. Abnormal superposition, blind ore has been found in the deep.