There are many factors that affect the service life of diesel vehicles under special conditions, but the most important factor for automobile drivers is whether the driving operation is correct, which directly affects the service life of diesel vehicles. According to our experience, we will talk about the problem of prolonging the service life of diesel vehicles under special circumstances and parts. 1. Correct driving habits under special conditions include a set of reasonable operating methods, such as warming up, stepping slowly and lifting slowly, driving smoothly, shifting gears in time, climbing freely, mastering the temperature and avoiding dust, which have a direct impact on prolonging the service life of diesel vehicles under special conditions. 1. Don't slam on the accelerator after cold start or before flameout. After the cold start of the diesel engine, immediately release the start button, lift the accelerator pedal, reduce the fuel supply, and turn the idle speed adjustment knob to control the diesel engine within 600 soor/min. When the temperature rises to 50℃, lower the temperature to the lowest stable idle speed of the diesel engine for working or starting with load. Never slam on the accelerator immediately after a cold start. Before the diesel engine is turned off, it should be idling for 3-smin to make it cool evenly, then slightly add the throttle to increase the speed for 2-3 seconds to fully lubricate the surfaces of all parts, and then cut off the oil and turn off the engine. However, a diesel engine equipped with an intake supercharger must not slam on the accelerator before turning off the engine. This is because: firstly, the water temperature is low and the oil viscosity is high after the cold start of the diesel engine, and the oil cannot quickly enter the friction pair of the parts. If you step on the accelerator hard at this time, the diesel engine load will suddenly change. Second, when the working temperature of the diesel engine is low, the engine oil and the valve violently collide, the fuel injection quantity increases, the formation of combustible mixture deteriorates, and the combustion is incomplete, so that some unburned diesel oil washes the oil film on the cylinder wall, which will inevitably increase the wear rate of the cylinder and piston ring, and the fuel flows down the cylinder wall and into the oil pan to dilute the engine oil. The third supercharged diesel engine should not slam on the accelerator after cold start or before flameout. Because the rotor shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger adopts floating bearings and is far away from the oil pump, the slow-flowing oil cannot be lubricated in place quickly after cold start. Idle for a few minutes, and increase the load only after the standby oil reaches a certain temperature and pressure, so as to avoid dry friction and damage to the bearing when the load is suddenly added. The working speed of exhaust gas turbocharger can reach 7000-r 0000 r/min. If the accelerator is slammed before the flameout, the oil pump will stop supplying oil to the lubricating oil channel because the diesel engine stops running, but the supercharger rotor can still run at a high speed for more than l minutes due to inertia, and the rotor bearing will run without enough oil lubrication, even dry friction will cause the supercharger to be damaged for a short time. 2. Diesel engines can't run at idle speed for a long time, which is extremely unfavorable for prolonging the service life of diesel vehicles. The reasons are as follows: First, if the diesel engine runs at low temperature for a long time, due to the low speed of the diesel engine, the rotation speed of the fuel injection pump is also low, and the diesel injection speed is slow, the intensity of the intake vortex is weakened, the fuel can not be sprayed into a good mist, and it is difficult to form a good mixture with air quickly, which will increase carbon deposition in the cylinder and easily block the nozzle of the fuel injector. Secondly, due to the low temperature of diesel engine and the high viscosity of diesel oil, some unburned diesel oil washes away the lubricating oil film on the cylinder wall, which leads to the accelerated wear of piston, piston ring and cylinder wall. Diesel oil will also be affected by gas temperature to form colloid, which will make the piston ring stuck in the ring groove lose its elasticity, which will lead to poor sealing of the cylinder, increased air leakage and even cylinder pulling accident. Thirdly, due to the low working speed of the diesel engine and the lack of oil in the oil pump, not only can the engine not be lubricated well, but also the oil nozzle can not spray oil to the bottom of the piston to cool the combustion chamber, and the optimal evaporation temperature of the diesel oil film in the combustion chamber (330℃~360℃) can not be guaranteed, resulting in poor mixture formation and incomplete combustion, which is not conducive to prolonging the service life of the diesel engine. Second, the use of diesel vehicles under special conditions When vehicles are used under high temperature and low temperature, plateau and mountain conditions, drivers must take some necessary measures according to the situation to reduce the wear and tear of parts and prolong the service life of vehicles. 1. The influence of high temperature on the use of diesel vehicles and its improvement. In the high temperature environment, the cooling capacity of the engine cooling system becomes worse, the engine is easy to overheat, the temperature of automobile parts increases, the viscosity of lubricating oil decreases, and the lubricating oil is easy to oxidize and deteriorate at high temperature, which makes the lubricating performance worse. There is much dust in dry and hot air, and the concentration of water vapor in hot and humid air is high. When dust enters the cylinder, it will form abrasive and accelerate the wear of parts. Water vapor entering the cylinder will accelerate the corrosion and damage of parts. Therefore, under high temperature conditions, measures such as strengthening cooling and improving lubrication must be taken: first, properly improve the tightness of engine fan belt to ensure ventilation; Remove the scale in the cooling system and improve the heat dissipation ability; Note: Check the cooling water quantity and sealing condition. If conditions permit, you can increase the number of fan blades or increase the angle of blades, add protective rings and switch to radiators with large water storage capacity. Second, pay attention to check the height of each lubricating oil surface and the viscosity of lubricating oil, and shorten the oil change cycle appropriately. In hot and dusty areas, strengthen the cleaning and maintenance of air filters, install oil radiators if possible, and use high-quality lubricating oil. Third, carefully check the tire pressure to prevent the tire from bursting and being damaged due to high air pressure. 2. The influence and improvement of low temperature on the use of diesel vehicles In the low temperature environment, the adverse effects on parts include: viscous lubricating oil, reduced fluidity, poor lubrication performance, poor combustion atomization, and mixed engine oil, which makes the engine oil quality worse; Rubber, plastic and other products are easy to become brittle; The cooling water jacket may be frozen and cracked by cooling water. In view of this situation, it is necessary to warm up the car at low temperature. Second, make preparations before starting at low temperature, (1) use' winter diesel oil' whose freezing point is 3℃-5℃ lower than the local minimum temperature to ensure that diesel oil has good fluidity and evaporation, which is convenient for diesel oil to form a good mixture with air after being injected into the cylinder and ignite and burn; (2) In order to improve the lubricating conditions of engine oil, winter lubricating oil with little viscosity increase at low temperature can be selected; (3) Increase the density of electrolyte, do a good job of battery insulation, use the starter as little as possible and charge it in time to ensure that the battery has sufficient capacity; (4) When the ambient temperature is too low, a low-temperature starting device can be used for starting. For example, when the temperature of Steyr 9 1 series cars is low, the starting enrichment handle should be pulled out before starting to provide excessive fuel for combustion. After starting, the concentration handle must be pushed to the original position. Second, the engine is equipped with a heat insulation sleeve. Usually, leather or canvas can be sewn into the engine sleeve and filled with thermal insulation materials such as cotton or felt. Third, it is best to pour antifreeze into water cooling in winter. 3. The influence of plateau and mountain area on the wear of mechanical parts. In plateau and mountainous areas, due to high altitude, low air pressure, thin air, large slope, narrow roads and many bends, the factors that affect the service life of automobile parts are: low air density, rich mixture, incomplete combustion, insufficient engine power, frequent use of low-grade cars, high engine speed and temperature, and great wear and tear. In mountainous areas, slope braking is frequent, and the wear of friction linings is aggravated. The high temperature caused by continuous friction will burn or crack the surface of friction lining. Therefore, the following measures can be taken when driving in plateau mountainous areas: First, install a shower pipe in front of the radiator, and spray water on the radiator when the car climbs a long slope to strengthen cooling and prevent the engine from overheating. Second, check the brake clearance frequently and replace the friction lining in time. When the car goes down a long slope, the brake drum can be soaked with water to prevent the friction lining from burning out. 4, control the loading quality t must strictly control the maximum loading quality of the car. Within the scope stipulated by the automobile factory, if the overload and the workload of each assembly part increase, the wear speed of the parts will be obviously accelerated, making the working situation unstable. Axle fracture and parts damage are easy to occur in winter. In summer, flat tires are very prominent. Working under heavy load for a long time will overheat the diesel engine and increase its wear, thus affecting the service life of diesel vehicles. In addition, the car should be loaded according to the specified weight, and the load distribution should be even, because the loading deviation can also cause damage to individual parts or assemblies.