Benefits: Four aspects: First, it can meet the industrial water demand; Second, it can meet the needs of downstream irrigation agricultural water; Third, it can meet the domestic water demand of residents in the middle and lower reaches; Fourthly, the downstream of sediment deposition forms an impact plain, the famous Nile Delta, which is beneficial to agricultural production, industrial development and urban construction;

Disadvantages: First, the Nile originates from the tropical grassland climate zone, and the river runoff changes greatly in seasons, which is easy to cause drought and flood disasters, and at the same time does some harm to downstream agriculture and residents; Secondly, sediment flows into the Mediterranean Sea, which leads to sea level rise and threatens the development of coastal cities such as Alexandria. In addition, the area of the lower Nile Delta is shrinking, which threatens the survival of the whole country.