Advantages and Disadvantages of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project The main reasons for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project are as follows: 65,438+0. The general water shortage in North China and Northwest China has restricted the economic development and the improvement of people's living standards in this area. 2. South China is rich in water resources, and a lot of water resources flow into the sea without being used. 3. The coordination of water and soil resources between the north and the south is unreasonable, with more water (80%) and less cultivated land (40%) in the south. There is less water (20%) and more cultivated land (60%) in the north. In order to solve the problem of water shortage in the north, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has been implemented. Significance: After the implementation of the third route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Yangtze River water will be transferred to an average of 38-48 billion m3 for many years, which will alleviate the contradiction of water shortage in Huanghuai area, promote the social and economic development of the transferred areas and improve the life of urban and rural residents. It can not only use water for industrial production and irrigation of farmland, but also play a positive role in promoting urban environmental governance and greening. According to the current price level, the average annual economic benefit of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is 60-80 billion yuan. It can be said that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China is the largest and most difficult project in the world today, and it is a project route that benefits the people. This project is divided into three routes: the eastern route project: using the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to transfer water from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan in North China. Make use of the existing water diversion projects in Jiangsu Province, gradually expand the scale of water diversion and extend the water transmission lines. The East Line Project draws Yangtze River water from Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and uses the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and its parallel rivers to pump the water to the north step by step, connecting Hongze Lake, Roman Lake, Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, thus playing a role in regulation and storage. After leaving Dongping Lake, water is delivered in two ways: southbound, crossing the Yellow River through a tunnel near Yishan; The other way is eastward, and water is delivered to Yantai and Weihai through the economic southward of Jiaodong water trunk line. Benefits: large amount of water; You can directly use the Beijing shipping channel; There is a lot of water along the way. Disadvantages: serious pollution; South Shandong needs pumping water, but the local electricity is scarce. Mid-line project: transfer water from Three Gorges Reservoir and Danjiangkou Reservoir to North China. Water is diverted from the first sluice of Taocha Canal in Danjiangkou Reservoir after dam expansion, passes through Fangchengyakou of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River watershed along the west side of Tangbai River Basin, passes through the west edge of Huanghuaihai Plain, crosses the Yellow River in Gubaizui, west of Zhengzhou, and continues northward along the west side of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which can basically flow to Beijing and Tianjin. Pro: The water quality is better; The terrain is high in the south and can flow by itself; Disadvantages; The later project needs the completion of the Three Gorges; The line is very long and needs to be dug again. West Line Project: Transfer water from some tributaries in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. Dams and reservoirs will be built in the upper reaches of the Tongtian River, Yalong River and Dadu River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and water tunnels will be dug in Bayankala, the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, to introduce the Yangtze River water into the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The water supply target of the West Line Project is mainly to solve the water shortage problem in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Guanzhong Plain of Weihe River in six provinces (autonomous regions) such as Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi. Combined with the construction of key water control projects on the main stream of the Yellow River, water can also be supplied to Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province adjacent to the Yellow River basin, and water can also be replenished to the lower reaches of the Yellow River when necessary. Advantages: short distance; Good water quality; Disadvantages: the terrain is complex, there are many mountains to cross, and the workload is too large; Impact on ecology: The second phase of the middle route project aims to transfer 40 billion cubic meters of water from the Yangtze River to the north every year, plus 60 billion cubic meters on the east and west routes of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which will transfer 65.438+000 billion cubic meters of water from the Yangtze River to the north every year, accounting for more than 65.438+00% of the average runoff in the Yangtze River estuary for many years. The reduction of the Yangtze River's inflow into the sea will lead to seawater intrusion, sediment erosion and deposition changes in the Yangtze River estuary and changes in the living conditions of fish in the Yangtze River estuary. Impact on economy: Implementing the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, improving the water resources conditions in North China and Northwest China, and fundamentally alleviating the contradiction of long-term water shortage in this area are of great significance for improving social and economic development conditions, improving the efficiency of resource allocation, controlling the widening trend of regional disparities, promoting regional coordinated development, improving the quality of ecological environment, and achieving the third-step strategic goal. ? In addition, the impact of engineering investment on economic growth will be further amplified through multiplier effect. 1. The implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project can correspondingly increase the demand for building equipment, building materials and other products, and further promote the development of related upstream industries and related products. Experience shows that 40% of investment will be converted into consumption. Therefore, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has a double pulling effect on expanding domestic demand. 2. The implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has an impact on economic growth, which not only directly promotes the growth of GDP, but also improves the local ecological environment and production conditions, promotes the formation and improvement of the production capacity of the receiving area, transforms its potential resource advantages into economic advantages, and promotes the overall economic growth of the receiving area. For example, the implementation of the water diversion project on the west line will create conditions for the implementation of the strategic deployment of the western development and the distribution of productive forces, create conditions for attracting investment, improving agricultural production conditions, developing mineral resources and urban construction in this area, promote the transformation and development of old industrial bases, rationally adjust the distribution of productive forces and build and develop new industrial bases, and promote regional economic growth. ? 3. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project will also bring new business opportunities and new development opportunities to the backward areas after water supply, which is conducive to the progress of poverty alleviation. Problems faced by the current project: seawater intrusion will last for a long time in the future, which will lead to water supply difficulties in the Yangtze River Delta. The lack of water in the Yangtze River may form sandbars at the mouth of the Yangtze River, which will affect the shipping of the Yangtze River and the development of Shanghai Port. The decrease in the flow of the Yangtze River into the sea will force Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to increase investment and strengthen seawalls. Natural rivers have wet years and dry years, which constantly change and make up for each other. In the worst case, what will the Yangtze River look like and what impact will it have on the Yangtze River ecosystem after the annual flow of low water is deducted from the regulated water? Can this Yangtze River withstand the annual water transfer impact of 654.38+000 billion cubic meters? The middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project covers Beijing, Tianjin and parts of Hebei and Henan, with a total water regulation of 40 billion cubic meters, while the annual natural runoff of the water-receiving area is only 27.6 billion cubic meters (Beijing-Tianjin 100%, Hebei and Henan 50%), which greatly exceeds the natural runoff of the water-receiving area. Similarly, whether the receiving area can bear so much water is also a big problem. The water receiving area is a semi-arid area. Due to the destruction of vegetation, the evaporation of surface water is very large. After such a large amount of water is transferred, the natural water balance is destroyed, which is particularly prone to large-scale land salinization. In order to solve the problem of land salinization, more water is needed to wash the salt in the soil. Therefore, the result is that the water supply to the water-deficient areas in the north does not meet the demand, but it causes greater demand, which makes the water shortage problem more serious, because the water used to wash the salt in the soil greatly exceeds the irrigation water and the problem of immigration.