Discourse, business English discourse, cohesion and coherence.

Text/discourse has different meanings in the works of different scholars. Some linguists believe that text refers to both written language and oral language. Some linguists believe that text only refers to written language, while "discourse" refers to spoken language. Some linguists use "discourse" to refer to written language and spoken language. Widdowson used "discourse" to refer to written language. So many people use the word "discourse" when talking about written language and "discourse" when talking about spoken language. Stubbs believes that discourse often has the meaning of "interaction", while discourse has the meaning of "non-interactive monologue". Stubbs also believes that words have a certain length, but words can be very short. So, just like the exit, no smoking! Such a language unit is a text, not a discourse. According to Edmen Anderson, discourse refers to the language that does not appear in the use situation, while discourse refers to the language used in the use situation now. Based on the theories of Halliday and Quark, this paper uses the term discourse/text to refer to spoken and written language. In fact, there are only regional differences between discourse and text. American scholars like to use the word discourse, corresponding to discourse analysis: European scholars like to use the word text linguistics, corresponding to the same content. As we all know, discourse is the research object of discourse analysis. Discourse analysis, as a discipline, developed only after 1950s. Discourse analysis usually refers to the linguistic analysis of language units larger than sentences, such as sentence groups, paragraphs and other language units, aiming at explaining how people construct and understand various coherent texts. Theories about language structure generally fall into two categories: grammar and discourse analysis. The former usually studies simple sentences and isolated sentences; The latter studies discourse used for communication. Grammar studies the form and usage of words and the rules of sentence components and their arrangement: in grammar research, sentences are the highest structure. Discourse analysis is more than the linguistic unit of sentences, and it is a kind of super-syntactic analysis to study the arrangement, cohesion and coherence of sentences in a text. Traditional grammar with a long history, structural grammar popular in this century, and transformational generative grammar, which has attracted the most attention in the field of linguistic theory in recent 30 years, are all confined to the sentence itself and its components. These schools seldom study the relationship between sentences, and rarely discuss the position and function of sentences in language units that are more humane than them. However, just as a word can have different meanings and different syntactic functions in different sentences, a sentence, sentence group and paragraph will also have different ideographic and communicative functions in different texts and contexts. If you don't put a sentence, sentence group and paragraph into a certain language environment, you can't determine its true meaning. Without the use of language and the specific language environment, it is difficult to determine the communicative function of language units, and language management units cannot give full play to the communicative role. More and more linguists realize that language research should not be confined to the sentence plane, and should not only study the sentence structure, but should go beyond the scope of sentences, study the functions of sentences, sentence groups and paragraphs in the text, and study the living language in real life. Cohesion and coherence are two important terms in discourse analysis. Because linguists study texts from different angles, they have different definitions of this term. At present, people have both consistent views and many differences on the relationship between cohesion and coherence. How to grasp the essence of cohesion and coherence and their relationship is an unavoidable and important issue in discourse analysis and compromise. Taking coherence as an example, based on the characteristics of the text itself, Crystal defines coherence as an "indelible functional connection". However, according to Peter, the coherence of a text is the image of the connectives outside the language in the mind. If the reader can reconstruct a connected and complete image of the world, then this passage is coherent for the reader. A group of domestic scholars believe that cohesion is a means and a form of vocabulary and grammar; Coherence is the effect obtained by these means. Linguists have different views on the relationship between cohesion and coherence. For example, Halliday and Hassan believe that title suppression is a necessary condition for creating discourse, but it is not a sufficient condition, while Wittson believes that cohesion is neither a necessary condition nor a sufficient condition for coherence. Based on the theory of conversation division and cohesion and coherence, this paper discusses cohesion and coherence in business English discourse from both macro and micro aspects, with a view to promoting the research and development of discourse analysis.

Text/discourse has different meanings in the works of different scholars. Some linguists believe that it refers to both spoken and written language. Some linguists believe that text is the written form of language, while discourse is the oral form of language. Other linguists think that discourse is the oral and written form of language, while widdowson thinks that discourse is the written language. So many people want to use words to refer to written language and words to refer to spoken language. In 1983, stubbs thinks that words always have oral interactive meaning, while texts often have non-interactive monologue meaning; Edmondson believes that discourse is a language unit that does not appear in the use situation, while discourse is a language unit that appears in the use situation. In this paper, discourse is used to refer to spoken and written English. In fact, the difference between discourse and text is territorial. They are essentially the same. American linguists like to use discourse and discourse analysis, while European linguists use text and text linguistics. As we all know, discourse is the research object of discourse analysis. Since the 20th century 1950' s, discourse analysis has become an independent discipline. It means analyzing a language unit much larger than a sentence, for example, sentence groups, paragraphs, etc. It aims to help people construct and understand various coherent texts. There are two theories about language structure. One is grammar, the other is discourse analysis. The former always deals with single and isolated sentences, while the latter studies discourse in communication. In grammar, sentence is the largest grammatical structural unit, and discourse analysis is a kind of super-sentence analysis. It studies the arrangement, cohesion and coherence of sentences. Traditional grammar, structural grammar and transformational generative grammar only study the level of sentences and their components. Those grammarians did not fully consider the relationship between sentences and their position and function in a larger language unit. However, just as English words have different meanings and functions in different sentences, sentences, sentence groups and paragraphs have different connotations and communicative functions in different contexts. If a sentence, sentence group or paragraph is not placed in a certain context, then there is no way to determine their true meaning. Without specific contexts and occasions, it is difficult to define the communicative function of language units. More and more linguists are beginning to realize that language research should not be limited to sentence level. It must go beyond the boundaries of sentences and study the functions of sentence groups and paragraphs in texts and the vividness of language in real life. Cohesion and anaphora are two important terms in discourse analysis. Linguists study texts from different angles. Therefore, they define these two terms in different ways. When it comes to the relationship between cohesion and coherence, linguists have the same view and different views. How to understand the essence of cohesion and coherence is an important issue that we cannot avoid. Taking coherence as an example, Crystal defines it as a paragraph with potential functional connectivity on the basis of textual features. Petofi believes that it is a relational image in the human brain. If readers can match a text with a meaning and reconstruct a connected and complete image, it will be a coherent text for them. China scholars always regard cohesion as a formal lexical and grammatical means. Coherence is the effect of a text composed of these cohesive devices. Scholars hold different views on the relationship between cohesion and coherence.

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Acknowledgement 3-4 Chinese abstract 4-6 English abstract 6-8 Part I Introduction 8-111historical background 8-9 1. 2 The main content of discourse analysis 9- 1 1 Part II Discourse and Business English Discourse