Zhao, Li
(School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 45000 1)
The practical teaching system of medicinal botany was explored. Improve traditional confirmatory experiments, strengthen comprehensive, design and research experiments, and attach importance to field experiments.
In order to improve the quality of practical teaching of medicinal botany and cultivate students' practical ability and innovative spirit, free and open experiments were added to experimental teaching.
Key words: medicinal botany; Practical teaching; reform in education
China Library Classification Number: G420 Document Identification Number: B Document Number:1008-0805 (2007)12-3148-02.
In the teaching process of medicinal botany, both experimental teaching and field practice are medicinal plants.
Learning is an important practical teaching link, and its teaching requirements cover both experimental teaching and field work.
The general principle of practice should also highlight the disciplinary characteristics of medicinal botany [1]. Wen zhenjie
Based on the teaching practice and literature reports, this paper discusses how to improve the practical teaching of medicinal botany.
Learning quality, cultivating students' practical ability and innovative ability, and how to do it in experimental teaching
Make a preliminary attempt in the free and open laboratory and talk about your own views.
1 Improve the traditional experimental teaching methods to ensure the teaching quality.
1. 1 Traditional experimental teaching The contents of traditional medicinal botany experiments are mostly verification.
Experiment, the teaching method used in experimental teaching is generally to introduce the experimental purpose with the teacher.
, experimental materials, experimental contents and experimental methods, and then according to the experimental materials,
According to the description of the experimental contents and methods, the theoretical knowledge learned is verified. Although through
After the teacher's explanation, students have a detailed understanding of the experimental contents and methods, and there are also detailed and standardized requirements and unchangeable requirements for students' experimental operations during the experiment.
Supervision, but students lack the initiative of experimental learning, in the process of experiment.
More perfunctory, scripted, not to analyze the mechanism of the experiment, not to explore the experiment.
Problems make the quality of experimental teaching in teaching activities greatly reduced.
1.2. Improve the traditional experimental teaching method to match the teaching reform of medicinal botany.
It is necessary to reform the teaching content and teaching method of pharmaceutical experiment course.
In terms of experimental content, the experimental content can be divided into four parts, namely, basic experimental technology;
Basic confirmatory experiment, comprehensive experiment and exploratory experiment; In the aspect of experimental teaching methods
Face: Different teaching methods are adopted according to different experimental contents, so that students can
Actively acquire knowledge through the study of experimental classes [2, 3].
1.2. 1 Basic experimental techniques refer to some basic experimental skills.
Such as the use of microscope, the production of temporary film, biological drawing technology, micro-chemistry, etc.
Methods Preparation of drugs, reagents and dyes commonly used in laboratory, and washing of glassware.
Methods and so on, these basic experimental techniques require every student to be proficient.
Hold, and can be reflected in the final experimental evaluation. The experimental teaching method is biography.
A unified teaching method in which teachers teach first and students verify later.
The basic verification experiment of 1 2.2 aims to consolidate the theoretical knowledge learned in class.
Through the classic experiments and observation experiments of medicinal botany, students can master the basic
Experimental methods and cultivating students' observation ability, such as the basic morphology and structure of plant cells.
Observe; Observation on the main types and structures of plant tissues; Vegetative organs and genitals of plants
The structure of official observation and other experiments. Although these experiments are beneficial to traditional teaching methods,
The consolidation of students' basic knowledge, but this single teaching mode can not mobilize students to carry out.
With positive thinking, the experimental class is dull and lifeless.
If we try to turn the "confirmatory" experiment into an "exploratory" experiment, we will
Will have a completely different teaching effect. For example, in experimental teaching methods, students should be allowed.
Preview the experiment before class. In class, the teacher checks the students' preview by asking questions and analyzes the experiment.
The main points and matters needing attention in the experiment are briefly prompted, leaving more time for students to observe by themselves.
Check, then solve the problems in the experiment through mutual discussion, and finally the teacher will do it.
To sum it up. For some experimental materials, in addition to the experimental materials prepared by teachers, learning is also encouraged.
Students prepare their own experimental materials, such as observing cells, vegetative organs and reproductive organs.
Classified experiments can improve students' learning by encouraging them to prepare their own experimental materials.
Students have the motivation to learn. At the same time, in the process of experiment, the methods of slicing, dyeing and taking materials by hand are interspersed.
Cultivation of basic experimental skills such as object drawing.
1 2.3 is mainly aimed at the experiment of plant taxonomy.
Based on the confirmatory experiment of testing technology and basic skills, and changed to a single observation in the laboratory.
Methods The traditional taxonomic experimental design combining laboratory and field observation was adopted.
It is a comprehensive experiment based on comparative anatomy and field resource investigation. For example, learn first.
Let the students know the different groups of plants intuitively and summarize the characteristics of all kinds of plants.
Then take students to the field to compare and expand experiments and consolidate theoretical knowledge. Like a couple naked.
Characteristics and distribution characteristics of common important groups of plants and angiosperms; Common species on campus
Identify and compile key tables; Investigation on medicinal plant resources in a certain area; Cherish the edge
The investigation of endangered plants can be designed as a comprehensive experiment.
Through comprehensive experiments, students can not only understand plant species and plant diversity.
The abundance of resources has strengthened students' determination to protect vegetation and ecological environment.
1.2.4. Exploratory experiment consists of basic skill experiment, basic experiment and comprehensive experiment.
After training, students have acquired certain basic knowledge, operation and practical ability of botany.
According to the actual ability of students and the specific situation of the laboratory, several studies can be determined.
Direction, let the students check the information themselves, design the experimental scheme themselves, and the teacher will check and modify it.
After that, we used field practice and extra-curricular holiday time to complete the experimental project. Through exploration
Sex experiment can cultivate students' ability to find, analyze and solve problems, and cultivate
Students' creativity and scientific research ability can help students complete their graduation thesis and develop themselves in the future.
Lay a solid foundation.
2 Pay attention to field practice and cultivate students' observation ability [4~6]
2. 1 Observing the ecological environment, the survival of any living thing must depend on certain factors.
Environment and medicinal plants are no exception. Field practice should first guide students to know all kinds of students.
State environment. Point out the characteristics of various ecological environments, especially the medicinal plants to be investigated.
The main ecological environment of things.
2.2 after observing the morphology of a single plant, we should pay attention to the classification of plants.
Observe the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and other organs of plants. about
Some local specialty medicinal plants should focus on observing the morphological characteristics of some medicinal organs.
The observation of details can be carried out when the specimens are collected and arranged.
2.3 to cultivate students' ability to collect specimens.
2.3. 1 Special attention should be paid to the collection of medicinal plants in the selection of collected specimens.
The typicality and completeness of. The so-called typicality means that the samples taken should have obvious points.
Class characteristics, has a strong representation in similar plants. The so-called integrity refers to the whole factory.
The roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of specimens can be used, especially those with flowers, because flowers are identification species.
The main foundation of the class. Medicinal plants with outstanding characteristics for underground parts, such as lily.
Family, Dioscoreaceae, etc. , attention should be paid to collecting bulbs, roots, etc. This is also a reference.
An important basis for species determination. In the case of dioecious plants, female plants and male plants should be collected separately.
When the cauline leaves and basal leaves of vegetation are different, attention should be paid to collecting basal leaves, such as Artemisia capillaris,
Shepherd's purse, etc. When collecting parasitic plants, all or part of parasites should be collected and marked.
Relationship.
2.3.2 Collection precautions: Pay attention to the quality when collecting specimens, and minimize the space.
The quantity collected is related to the origin, living environment, characteristics, color and collection date of plants.
It is very helpful for the identification and research of specimens to make detailed records during the period. Part; One copy; A stock