The academic hall said that the Chinese abstract of the paper mainly provides a summary of the contents of the document and summarizes the key information of the whole paper in short language, with a maximum of 400 words. Although it is only a few hundred words, it contains as much information as a paper. The paper should reflect the author's viewpoint, the main contents of the paper, the research results and unique opinions.

Also known as abstract and content summary, it is a short article that describes the important contents of the document concisely and accurately, with the aim of providing a summary of the contents of the document without comments or supplementary explanations.

It is very important for a paper, and some peer reviewers can basically judge the quality of a paper through the abstract. Therefore, writing a good abstract is of great help to improve the employment rate of submission.

The research system, main methods, important findings and core conclusions of this paper should be briefly summarized. Before writing an abstract, we must make clear the elements and basic requirements of the abstract.

The elements of the abstract include:

(1) research purpose: accurately describe the purpose of this study and show the scope and importance of this study.

(2) Research methods: Briefly explain how the basic design and conclusions of the research topic were drawn.

(3) Results: Briefly describe the main results of this study, what are the new findings, and explain their values and limitations. The narrative should be specific and accurate.