2006-8- 10 8:25

Abstract: There are 520 million mu of saline-alkali land in China, which are distributed in 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Including 100 cities. Most of the north is slightly alkaline soil. The research on landscape technology of saline-alkali land has important practical significance. The National Cooperative Group for Saline-alkali Land Greening and Development organized nine units, including Dezhou Garden Office, Dezhou Saline-alkali Land Greening Research Institute, Dezhou Agricultural School, Dezhou Experimental Station of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Linda University, Dezhou Association for Science and Technology Development Center, Daqing Oil Production Plant No.5, Dezhou Association for Science and Technology, and Shengli Oilfield Pan Lin Oil Production Plant, to select three basic types of representative saline-alkali land in Dezhou, Tianjin, Dongying, Daqing and Yinchuan, and carry out 10 saline-alkali land. Won the third prize of provincial scientific and technological progress three times; Won the second prize of municipal scientific and technological progress twice. Through the application of "Ten Topics" series of greening technologies and product development, many greening projects such as the greening of Dezhou Central Plaza have been completed successively.

Key words: salt-tolerant flowers and trees in saline-alkali landscape

The "Ten Topics" of Salt-tolerant Lawn is a unique topic in the field of landscape architecture in China. The main points of all the research results are summarized as follows.

One is the micro-domain soil improvement and greening technology.

The research results show that artificial ecological conditions such as isolation layer, sieve membrane and alkali-resistant planting bag are used to improve the soil in tree holes, tree ponds, flower beds and green spaces, form desalination areas, and locally control the soil salt return (irrigation pipes buried in severe saline-alkali soil or ribbed plastic pipes are used to drain and wash salt); Can effectively improve the survival rate of trees and flowers. Organic materials such as furnace dust, sawdust, wheat bran, wheat straw and rice straw can be used as salt barrier materials. According to the examination and approval of Dezhou Finance Bureau, Dezhou is only 1989 ~ 199 1 year, which only saves one seedling fee, and the indirect economic benefit of using this technology is1560,000 yuan. The project won the bronze prize in the second international invention patent technology exhibition (Guangzhou), and its paper "Salinity change of planting trees in saline-alkali soil" was published at the international saline soil seminar.

(This achievement won the second prize of Dezhou Science and Technology Progress Award 1989)

Second, the design mode of urban landscaping in Dezhou

Dezhou is a famous saline-alkali area in China, so it is imperative to explore a landscape design model suitable for Dezhou soil environment. According to the soil and environmental conditions in Dezhou City, this project screened out the best modes of several main types of garden green space, such as residential garden, street garden, road greening, parking green space, courtyard greening, etc., highlighted plant landscaping, and screened out tree, flower and grass plant varieties suitable for Dezhou City. Building ecological gardens. Therefore, soil improvement, cultivation techniques, plant selection and plant landscaping are all modeled according to local conditions.

(This achievement won the second prize of Dezhou Science and Technology Progress Award 1989)

3. Screening of salt-tolerant flowers and ground cover plants

Establishment of screening nursery in moderate saline-alkali soil zone of Dezhou city. Combining selection with introduction, we collected 106 kinds of garden plants from all over the country and planted them in screening gardens for observation and experiment. At the same time, the salt tolerance test was carried out with potted plants. After three years of observation, comparison and selection, Sophora japonica, Bai La, weeping willow, ash, Ailanthus altissima, Torch Tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentosa, Populus euphratica, Melia azedarach, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina chinensis, jujube tree, apricot tree, mulberry tree, pear tree, pomegranate, rose, rose, hibiscus and rose. The subject also studied the salt tolerance of Sabina vulgaris, pomegranate, Lagerstroemia indica, okra and Dutch chrysanthemum, investigated the salt-tolerant wild ground cover plants 10 species in Dezhou area and their applications in ecological gardens, and compiled a list of salt-tolerant garden plants in Dezhou city.

(This project won the third prize of provincial scientific and technological progress 1993 and the second prize of the 4th National Flower Expo (Shanghai) 1997. )

Fourthly, the introduction of ground cover chrysanthemum.

Ground cover chrysanthemum is an important scientific research achievement of Beijing Forestry University. The goal of "wild breeding" was achieved through distant hybridization, and chrysanthemum was liberated from the flowerpot. Through large-scale open field cultivation, it presents colorful beauty. Can be used as flower bed, block planting, ribbon planting, cut flowers, potted flowers and so on. It has the advantages of strong stress resistance, alkali resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, long flowering period and extensive management resistance. Professor Chen Junyu, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a well-known professor of Linda University in China, personally came to Dezhou to guide and conduct cultivation experiments on different types of saline-alkali land in Dezhou. After three years' research, eight varieties suitable for Dezhou were selected from 15 varieties, mainly including Dilian, Meiaihuang, Wanfen, Sunset Red and Zilian, which enriched the seasonal flower varieties of Dezhou National Day. From 65438 to 0995, there were more than 40,000 potted flowers on the streets of Dezhou City, of which 80% were ground cover chrysanthemums. .

(This project has been appraised by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission 1993. )

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Development of new chrysanthemum cultivation technology and cut flower production technology

Chrysanthemum is the city flower of Texas, and it has won many awards in the national chrysanthemum exhibition. However, traditional cultivation techniques are far from meeting the needs of modern landscaping. Through the study of 1992, the best formula of special nutrient soil for chrysanthemum in Dezhou was screened out. At the same time, the supporting measures of chrysanthemum cultivation and management, including the formula of chrysanthemum foliar fertilizer, were summarized. 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% magnesium sulfate and 0. 1% boric acid were used in the early stage, thus achieving the five standards of short chrysanthemum, large flower, Ye Quan, thick stem and bright color. The main varieties of famous chrysanthemums in Dezhou are Xue Rui, Green Wave, Phoenix Feather, Guo Xiang Love, Moju and so on. Suitable for soil and water cultivation in saline-alkali areas of North China.

(1997 won the second prize of Dezhou Science and Technology Progress Award. )

Six, soda saline-alkali land greening technology

The experimental area is located in Daqing No.5 Oil Production Plant. Through repeated experiments, several garden plants, such as Fraxinus mandshurica, Acer truncatum, Chinese rose, Sambucus williamsii, Eucommia ulmoides and so on 10, were selected, which were suitable for soda saline-alkali land in Northeast China. The survival rate of Acer truncatum planted with improved fertilizer on moderate soda saline-alkali soil was as high as 93.4%, which was 42% higher than that of the control. Soda saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer can effectively reduce soil pH value. The role of promoting soil desalination. Applying chemical improvement technology and combining with tree species selection, a set of new experiences of greening soda saline-alkali land in cold areas were summarized.

(1994 10 passed the expert meeting organized by Daqing city. )

Development of improved fertilizer for horticultural saline-alkali land

This product is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the formula design is made of 16 raw materials such as "sodium ion adsorbent", "chemical modifier" and "total modifier". It contains 8 ~ 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and its pH value is 5.5. By using the principles of acid-base neutralization, ion adsorption and salt chemical reaction, the salt content and pH value of soil are reduced, and various saline-alkali soils are improved, so that the nutrient supply effect is obvious and the yellowing disease of flowers and trees is prevented. Suitable for saline-alkali land with salt content below 0.4%, garden trees, flowers, lawns, potted flowers and fresh cut flowers in protected areas. Yinchuan Association for Science and Technology was used in Xinjiang nursery, and the dosage per mu was 100kg, and the seedling height and ground diameter were increased by 49cm and 0.49cm respectively compared with the control. When it was applied to afforestation of Populus deltoides, the survival rate increased by 8.7% and the growth of new shoots increased by 3.7 cm. It is used in young forests of spruce and Platycladus orientalis. The annual average height growth is 2.9 cm and 4.9 cm higher than that of the control. The soil pH value in the above three places is 8.0, and after four months of application of improved fertilizer, the pH values are 7.0, 6.75 and 6.25 respectively. The survival rate of planting cedar, rose and lawn with improved fertilizer in horticultural saline-alkali land in Cuiting Village, Tianjin Development Zone is 95%.

(1997 won the third prize of scientific and technological progress in Shandong province. )

Eight, the cultivation of saline-alkali lawn and the study of alkali-resistant lawn fertilizer.

After two years' experiment, eight varieties of saline-alkali tolerant lawn were screened out, and the multi-component mixed sowing grass species (Oriental Pearl, Sprite and Ketan) of different varieties of tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass were studied, which increased the adaptability of lawn to stress. According to the law of lawn fertilizer demand and the characteristics of saline-alkali land, a special fertilizer was prepared, which can not only improve alkali, but also increase fertilizer and prolong the green period of lawn. Pan Lin Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield planted Manila lawn on 20,000 m2 moderately saline soil, and promoted it at the ratio of 1.0kg/m2. After two months, the turf rate was 80% higher than that of the control, and there was no salt return and yellowing. Prolonged green period 16 ~ 20 days. 1996 The greening project of water purification plant in Tianjin Liuyuan Nursery, the soil salt content is 0.4%, the soil pH value is 8.5, 40 tons of "special fertilizer for saline-alkali lawn" is applied, and more than 40,000 m2 of mixed lawn of ryegrass and tall fescue is sown at one time. Won the second place in the evaluation of greening project in development zone. Under the same site conditions in the development zone, the turf formation rate of the control area is only 70%.

Nine, cedar cultivation techniques in saline-alkali land

Whether cedar can be cultivated in saline-alkali land is a controversial issue in the world garden field. After ten years of research, a set of cedar cultivation techniques has been summarized, and the main points are as follows:

(1) Take engineering measures to raise the ground with flower beds for cultivation. The ratio of tree height to flower bed diameter is 2: 1 ~ 2, and the height of tree altar is 60 ~ 100 cm. Put a salt barrier and a sandy "nano-ion adsorbent" at the bottom of the altar. The drenching layer will control the backflow of alkali to the ground and the root of the waterlogged fence.

(2) The formula of special culture soil for cedar is as follows:

Garden saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer 2%, vermiculite 5%, peat 20%, plain soil 40%, coarse sand 30% and mineral sand 4%.

(3) Water and fertilizer control after beginning of autumn, enriching plant tissues and watering drought-resistant water once in early winter are key technologies, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of low-temperature physiological drought.

(4) Using water quality improver to improve alkaline water.

X. Study on the Application of New Greening Technology in Dezhou Central Square

Dezhou downtown square covers an area of 4.8 hectares and is located on the east bank of the new lake. The 1960 s was saline-alkali land. Comprehensive improvement measures were taken, including using new salt-tolerant flowers and trees, improving alkali in micro-areas, improving fertilizer in horticultural saline-alkali land and applying new design art, which achieved success.

The garden design concept adopts abstract design with big lines, big strokes, big color blocks and big effects, and highlights colorful foliage plants and flowers for landscaping. There are more than 50,000 plants, and the green area reaches 34.2%. The overall plant configuration is mainly lawn, dotted with a small number of characteristic tree species such as cedar and palm, which simulates the natural mountain landscape and the terrain is slightly undulating. The whole square is dotted with more than 20 kinds of low flowers and shrubs, so as to maintain a broad spatial vision of the whole park and form a plant landscape with three seasons of flowers, many flowers in full bloom and evergreen seasons.

Plant landscaping patterns highlight "red, yellow and green", which are novel and unique, and pay attention to large-scale color contrast. Mainly simple and smooth curves. Red purple-leaf Berberis, yellow golden-leaf Ligustrum lucidum, light green cypress balls and melon seeds boxwood form various "red, yellow and green" patterns, forming abstract graphic beauty and color beauty. In the flower pond around the square, dozens of abstract "spray" pictures are composed of low cypress balls, which symbolizes the rapid economic development in Texas, and clusters of roses, fiery flowers and rich fragrance in Mannheim are refreshing.

(Dezhou Central Plaza 1998 won the gold medal of provincial urban design quality project. )

Conclusion:

Comprehensive soil improvement measures and scientific selection of flowers and trees lawn varieties can achieve twice the result with half the effort, and horticultural saline-alkali land can be used to improve fertilizer. Moderate saline-alkali land is improved by micro-soil and horticultural saline-alkali land improvement fertilizer (exotic soil); Pipeline drainage and horticultural saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer (exotic soil) are set up in severe saline-alkali soil.