Requirements of paragraphs in academic papers
The meaning of the paragraph 1. should be clear. Generally, a paragraph should have a main meaning, that is, the main idea. When constructing a paragraph, please tell the reader clearly.
2. The meaning of paragraphs should be unified. A paragraph should concentrate on expressing one meaning, and don't write sentences irrelevant to the purpose of the paragraph into the paragraph.
3. The meaning of the paragraph should be complete. A paragraph should clearly express a relatively complete meaning, otherwise it will easily lead to confusion in the structure of the article.
4. The paragraph length should be moderate. Moderate paragraph length is the condition to improve the overall effect of the article, which should be determined according to the length of the article, the nature of the paragraph, and especially the need of ideographic expression.
In short, paragraphs with clear meaning, unity and integrity and moderate length are the basic requirements for the construction of academic papers, and paragraphs that fully meet these requirements are referred to as normative paragraphs.
Academic papers on multimedia technology
Reflections on the Application of Multimedia Technology in Mathematics Teaching
Multimedia teaching is a new teaching form. It is a good teaching reform and attempt to apply multimedia technology in mathematics teaching. According to the characteristics of mathematics, this paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of multimedia in mathematics teaching, and gives some suggestions.
[Keywords:] multimedia traditional mathematics teaching
The modernization of teaching means has become an important research topic in implementing quality education, improving classroom teaching efficiency and optimizing the allocation of teaching resources. Specific to mathematics teaching, the lack of class hours and the increase of contemporary knowledge and information constitute a prominent contradiction, and the application of multimedia technology provides many convenient conditions for mathematics teaching. The author dialectically analyzes the advantages and limitations of the application of multimedia technology in mathematics teaching based on his many years of mathematics teaching experience.
First, the advantages of multimedia teaching
Multimedia refers to the teaching activities implemented with the help of computer technology in the information environment. It is intuitive, vivid and colorful. Graphics, sound and animation can all be introduced into teaching. Compared with traditional teaching, it has the following advantages.
1, rich in teaching resources.
The main carrier of teaching content in traditional teaching is teaching materials, while the main carrier of teaching content in multimedia teaching is multimedia courseware. Multimedia courseware is made by experienced teachers, including not only the teaching content, but also a lot of data and materials developed by teachers. It is a large information resource library. Under the condition of multimedia teaching, students can learn more knowledge and see more topic types in a limited time due to the acceleration of teaching rhythm.
2. Image of teaching content
In traditional teaching, teachers can only reflect the teaching content statically on the blackboard with the help of chalk. Multimedia teaching can dynamically change the movement factors implied in static curve graphics in teaching materials, thus revealing the rich connotation of graphics and helping students understand the essence of things comprehensively and deeply. For example, when teaching the limit of sequence, we can demonstrate through multimedia that the number of sides of regular N-polygon starts to increase from 4, 8, 16, and tends to? The process that the regular N-polygon tends to be round; When teaching probability theory, we can simulate random phenomena with the help of computers, so that students can understand the whole process of random phenomena more clearly. Multimedia teaching, which is intuitive, vivid and colorful, can help students learn with multiple senses, thus deepening their impressions and enlightening their wisdom.
3. Improve teaching efficiency
In traditional mathematics teaching, small classes are often used, and a teacher often undertakes the teaching tasks of multiple small classes. Due to the expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities in recent years, the shortage of teachers, especially high-level teachers, has become more and more prominent. Using multimedia teaching can change small class teaching into large class teaching, improve teaching efficiency and let more students enjoy better teaching resources.
4. Realizing the interaction and cooperation of teaching methods.
The traditional teaching method is based on teachers' speaking and students' listening in ordinary classrooms, which lacks two-way communication of teaching information. In multimedia classrooms or teaching websites, teachers and students realize interactive teaching through various media technologies such as e-mail and voice mail. The interactivity of multimedia teaching means that people and computers, people and computers communicate with each other in changing directions to complete complex teaching tasks. In addition, teachers can post difficult explanations, supplementary exercises and tests on the teaching website. At the same time, students can send difficult concepts and theorems in lectures and exercises that cannot be solved in homework and website exercises to teachers by email, and teachers also send questions and answers to students by email.
Second, the limitations of multimedia teaching
Multimedia teaching is a new thing, and its appearance has played an inestimable role in updating teachers' teaching concepts, improving teaching quality and efficiency, and promoting the modernization process of higher education, but its limitations are also obvious.
1, ignoring the time pause for students to think.
In the teaching of mathematical exercises, teachers use the characteristics of large computer capacity and fast presentation to replace all mathematics teaching contents with computers. Results Multimedia did not guide students' thinking, but replaced students' thinking. The students are confused and tired in front of the high-brightness screen. Because of the large capacity and fast pace, there is no pause time for students to think, students don't have to take notes, and the fast screening on the big screen leaves too little time in students' memory, which leads to the lack of stimulation and clear impression, which increases the difficulty of students' learning. If this continues for a long time, the effect will inevitably be bad.
2. It is not conducive to emotional communication between teachers and students.
Although the use of multimedia teaching can make the boring and abstract knowledge in textbooks interesting and concrete, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. In traditional teaching, teachers communicate silently with students through their eyes, and teachers can understand students' mastery of classroom teaching content through their eyes. In multimedia teaching, students pay too much attention to audio and video, which limits the emotional communication between teachers and students.
3. It is not conducive to teachers' control of the classroom.
Mathematics is characterized by strong logic and high requirements for abstract thinking. In the traditional teaching mode, with the teacher's blackboard writing, students' thinking has a gradual development process, and both teaching and learning are basically synchronized in thinking. In the multimedia classroom, the teaching content is often presented to students at one time, so it is difficult to grasp the rhythm of classroom teaching. In addition, the blackboard writing has a strong instant reproducibility, the content can be read while writing, the mastery is flexible, the addition and deletion are convenient, and the teaching rhythm can be adjusted according to students of different levels.
Third, some suggestions.
What is the status of multimedia teaching? Auxiliary? Instead of. Substitution? Multimedia teaching cannot blindly replace other teaching means and methods. Especially in mathematics teaching, the derivation of some formulas and the proof of theorems need to be proved step by step on the blackboard to attract students' attention and leave a deep impression; Secondly, we should analyze what content is suitable for courseware. For example, in the geometric sense of derivative, it reflects the gradual process of limit and the change process from secant to tangent; As well as the characteristics of common spatial surfaces, multimedia-assisted teaching has a good effect; In addition, teachers should seriously think about which teaching method can achieve the best teaching effect in every class. As far as mathematics teaching is concerned, it is still necessary to organically combine traditional teaching methods with modern multimedia teaching in order to achieve the perfection of teaching.
[References]
Gao Jinling. Modern educational technology and modern education [M]. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 1999.
[2] Ma. Discussion on the Application of Multimedia Technology in Higher Mathematics Teaching [J]. Gansu Science and Technology, 2008,24 (17).
(Author: School of Applied Mathematics, Beijing Central University of Finance and Economics)
Did you get a look at him? Paragraph requirements for academic papers? People still see:
1. Standard format specification of academic papers
2. Guide to the format requirements of academic papers
3. Standard format requirements for academic paper writing
4. Talking about the topic selection and writing norms of academic papers
5. Format and font requirements of academic papers