Main points of topic composition preparation
Ended on 26 April 2007.
Topic composition has rules to follow. It started in 1999 and lasted until this year. The title of the article is steady and steady, and excellent works keep pace with the times. Improvement focuses on peacetime accumulation, and giving play to one's own needs lies in success. Prepare for the war, carefully sort out the previous exercises, and calmly reproduce the relevant points on the spot. * * * Whatever!
general requirements
Provide some materials-a topic-some hints and write a composition. The topic is self-made, the style is self-selected, and the thinking is self-determined. More than 800 words
Ten o'clock prompt
1. topic understanding: original meaning, figurative meaning, extended meaning.
2. Topic status: a certain paragraph/each paragraph; Appear/stand out; Far-fetched/natural; Freedom/penetration; Light description/emphasis; Touch/dip; Supporting role/starring role; Name/person in charge; Wait a minute.
3. Examination awareness: close (strengthening topics and themes); Compact (e.g., repeatedly changing permanence-ladder).
4. Theme trend: the mainstream in line with social reality-thinking about reality; Perceive history; Love the family; Judge morality; Declare interests; Warn mankind. Look at the information and tips and find the "bull's-eye".
5. Material selection angle: adhere to the concept of source of life and pay attention to peacetime accumulation; Recall wonderful situations and emphasize the sense of choice. Nature-human; Ancient-modern; China-foreign countries; Himself-others; Today-tomorrow; Society-family; In-class-after-class; Face down; Parallel-progressive. All walks of life, all kinds of people, different places and different situations. Based on reality, emotional truth. Change cautiously and cherish agility.
6. Main points of the proposed topic: the slogan is "highly concentrated composition ingenuity"; The goal is "vividness = deduction (topic, theme)+decoration (using rhetoric, imitating sentence patterns, using sentences, skillfully using punctuation and symbols)"
7. Thinking structure: Generally speaking, it is "streamlined". Emphasize a consciousness-"from intention to careful design"; Introduce a viewpoint-"Persistence of repeated changes!" ; Prepare several sets of main styles-① Repetition of exquisite design (continuation of time, transfer of place, change of object, advancement of level, change of angle, increase and decrease of quantity, etc.). ); ② Use of the number "three" (times, shots, outings, works, people, competitions, dialogues, photos, etc.). (3) embellishment of classic nouns (Qu Yuan, Zhao Jun, Zeng Guofan; Opium War, Three Gorges Project, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games; Hope for success, give life time, give time life, be harmonious but different, be far and beautiful, and so on. )
8. Language style: establish a sense of "language style", create "exquisite" paragraphs, choose rhetorical sentences, pay attention to the connection before and after, conform to a specific style, pursue meaningful content, skillfully use punctuation sentences, and make good use of punctuation.
9. Question answer: the difference and connection between topic composition and propositional composition and material composition (basically the same, but in different forms; All have exam-oriented characteristics and should be closely related)
Mentality adjustment: create a good impression-roll up your face and write; Punctuation, number of words; Wait a minute. Cultivate the spirit of winning-there is no best, only better! Seek normality first, then extraordinary! = = = = and:
First of all, we should make clear the topic and characteristics of the relationship.
The so-called relationship constitutes a topic, which is a topic form composed of two or more words or phrases juxtaposed. In the specific operation process, we must consider all the elements of the topic composition and clearly point out the relationship between them. Such as: "gain and loss", "emotional closeness and cognition of things".
Taking Shi Tiesheng's I and Ditan, the second volume of the new Chinese textbook for senior high school, as a typical topic, the author gives consideration to both "I" and "Ditan": on the one hand, he specifically describes what "I" saw, heard and thought in Ditan, on the other hand, he profoundly explains my life sentiment from Ditan.
It should be noted that the relationships among the elements that make up the relationship topic are mostly open, and their thinking direction and value orientation are not unique. For example, the topic of the composition of the college entrance examination in 2003 can be understood from different angles: ① On the positive side, the closeness of feelings contributes to the understanding of objective things. From this, we can talk about harmonious interpersonal relationship, good humanistic environment, beauty in the eyes of lovers, and sincere feelings guide healthy aesthetic consciousness (clear love and hate). On the other hand, emotional closeness is harmful to the understanding of objective things. From this, we can talk about cronyism, partiality and darkness, partiality and abnormality, unfairness and injustice, hatred of houses and so on. Generally speaking, feelings are close and sparse, but the cognition of objective things cannot be influenced by feelings.
"Wise children are suspicious of their neighbors" is a fable, which leads to the topic of "emotional closeness and things cognition". Materials and topics give many hints to candidates, such as similarity and opposition, proximity and distance, right and wrong and depth, relevance and irrelevance, which expand the thinking space of candidates. Obviously, this is a "relational" topic, focusing on the rational thinking ability of candidates. Judging from the life experience, cultural accumulation and cognitive ability of ordinary high school students, they should have a lot to say. Such as neighborhood relations and interpersonal communication, to international disputes, official politics and employment promotion; Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, and there are all kinds of online friends and idolatry. On the positive side, Qi Huangyang recommended people not to avoid personal enmity, Kong Ming shed tears and beheaded Ma Su, on the negative side, such as Naoko's suspicion of neighbors, abandoning the country because of emotional obstacles, and so on; You can also explain and express your feelings and cognition in theory and practice in a variety of positive or negative ways. Where is the topic limitation and opening? Candidates must grasp this "rules of the game". Candidates can choose from many angles to grasp the "points" of "emotion" and "rational cognition". Under the restriction of this "point", thinking, emotion, talent and personality can fly freely.
Second, we should distinguish the relationship between the topic elements of relational composition.
Relational topic composition focuses on the critical thinking ability of candidates. Therefore, before conceiving a composition, the most important thing is to distinguish the specific relationships between words and phrases with dialectical thinking. The author believes that the relationship between the topic elements of relational composition mainly includes the following types:
1. The relationship of unity of opposites: that is, the elements are contradictory, but in essence they are interdependent, complementary and harmonious. It can also be called either or. For example, on the topic of "freedom and discipline", dialectical materialism tells us that there is no "discipline" without "freedom", and there is no "freedom" without "discipline". The two are the unity of opposites. Of course, according to this relationship, it can be flexibly understood as: without discipline, there can be no real freedom; People should have freedom, but freedom should be bound by discipline. Another example is "ordinary and great". In a certain sense, this topic can be understood as: without "ordinary", there is no "great". It can also be understood as: ordinary breeds greatness; Greatness comes from the ordinary; Only by starting from small things can we build a building of great personality.
2. Right and wrong balance: that is, there is a right and wrong relationship between the elements of the relationship topic, and you can only choose. It can also be called "do you have this?" For example, "prejudice and care" can only be understood as "eliminating prejudice and caring bravely", and it is unscientific to make other understandings.
3. Non-absolute relationship: that is, there is a certain relationship between the elements that make up the topic, but this relationship is not static. It can also be called "this or that". For example, the topic of "pain and success" can be understood as "success comes from the tempering of pain", but not all success comes from pain, and not all success comes from pain. Another example is "a great teacher makes a great apprentice", which can be understood as "a great teacher makes a great apprentice" or "a great apprentice does not necessarily come from a great teacher".
4.* * * relationship: that is, the elements that make up the topic are equal, and several elements can exist at the same time. You can also call it this or that. For example, "modest performance" can be interpreted as "being humble and being good at expressing yourself"; "Adults and talents" should also be understood as "adults are more talented" or "adults first, then talents". Another example is "harmony but difference", which means "we should be harmonious but different", which means "we should be good at reconciling contradictions and getting along with others, but at the same time we should have independent opinions different from others, and we should not follow the crowd".
Looking back at the national college entrance examination in 2003, the topic composition of "feelings and familiar things" broke the topic composition of previous years because of its strict constraints. Many candidates lack psychological preparation and knowledge preparation, so they can't judge the papers or judge them loosely. It is very common that the answer to a composition is off topic. Look at the 2004 college entrance examination. National 15 papers. Except for four papers, all the papers continue the pattern of relational topic composition, which once again puts forward high requirements for candidates' ability to examine questions. Unfortunately, many of our candidates still failed to learn from the fiasco of last year's candidates, grasp the dialectical relationship between the composition topics of relational topics, and encountered waterloo in the examination. Looking at the development trend of topic composition, we can assert that relational topic composition represents the new development direction of college entrance examination composition, because the strengthening of restrictions will inevitably require candidates to strengthen training and practice basic skills in topic examination, so as to constantly seek change and grasp the initiative in college entrance examination composition.
In view of the characteristics of relational topic composition, we think that we should focus on topic review and make a fuss about grasping the dialectical relationship within the topic. This requires candidates to understand the essence of materialist dialectics in peacetime, such as being able to look at the problem in connection (not in isolation), being able to look at the problem in two (not one-sided), being able to look at the problem with a developmental eye (not a static eye) and so on. Finally, we can combine theory with practice and use it flexibly in the examination of specific topics.
Taking the national college entrance examination paper in 2003 as an example, in the face of the essay on the relationship between "emotional intimacy and cognition of things", candidates should first accurately judge the causal relationship between their internal relationship limbs-because different emotional intimacy has different cognition of things. In this way, candidates can start from the causal relationship between the two and think deeply from multiple angles and levels. Secondly, candidates should use dialectics to make a fuss about the inevitability of causality between them. That is, thinking about whether emotional intimacy must have a positive impact on cognitive things, or just the opposite; Whether feelings are sparse or not must have a negative impact on cognitive things, or just the opposite. Finally, grasp the fundamental and conclusive things in different thinking as the theme of the article.
When examining the topic of composition on relationship topics, we should also pay attention to overcoming the following two mistakes:
Mistake 1: Grasping one point is not as good as the rest. Since it is a relational topic composition, when reviewing the topic, we should focus on grasping the relationship between two related limbs within the topic, which involves two points and find a good mouth between them. One of the most common mistakes that our candidates make when examining questions is to separate the connection between the two, and to talk about one point in writing, but ignore another point, which leads to digression and digression. For example, the author's essay "Humanistic Literacy and Development" in the college entrance examination in Zhejiang Province in 2004 has a conditional relationship-the level of humanistic literacy restricts the size of development space. Candidates should comprehensively examine this conditional relationship when examining questions. However, judging from the candidates' compositions, many off-topic compositions fail to start with the relationship between the two, but either talk about humanistic quality or development. Of course, this practice of "grasping a little is better than grasping the rest" was eventually "trapped" by the candidates themselves.
Mistake 2: generalize the relationship and fail to grasp the key points. Some people think that since it is a relational topic composition, as long as we can grasp the relationship between the two kinds of relationships in the topic, we can do enough articles on the relationship, so we will discuss the relationship in writing, and finally make the article fall into the quagmire of generality and emptiness. Of course, the relationship topic composition should highlight the relationship, but the article should also highlight the key points, distinguish the main and secondary aspects of contradictions, be good at grasping the key points keenly, dare to highlight the key points, and achieve the unity of two-point theory and key theory. In the national college entrance examination in 2004, the topic composition was "Encountering setbacks, amplifying pain". Of course, candidates should accurately grasp the relationship between the two limbs when examining the topic, but in the face of setbacks, people have many choices. Some people resolve the pain, some people amplify the pain, and some people treat it with a normal heart. Different choices have different life levels. If candidates can focus on "encountering setbacks" when reviewing questions, and can cut into writing from the perspective of how to deal with setbacks, instead of talking about the relationship between them superficially, then the article will be effectively expanded in depth and breadth.
Hehe, I'm not afraid to read this difficult composition. Hope to be adopted (* _ _ *) hee hee. ...