The loser said, "What is your master's life?"
Zi Mozi said, "Those who insult ministers in the north are willing to kill them by borrowing their sons."
Don't say that the public loses.
Zi Mozi said, "Please give me ten gold."
The loser said, "I will never kill anyone."
Mozi got up and bowed again, saying, "Go ahead. I learned from the north that I would attack the Song Dynasty. What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? Jing is more than the ground, less than the people. It is unwise to kill all the deficiencies and fight for all the surplus. Attacking the song dynasty without blaming it is not benevolent. Knowing without arguing is not loyalty. It is not strong to defeat the enemy without fighting. If you don't kill less and kill more, you can't be said to be ignorant. "
Public transport services.
Zi Mozi said, "Why are you so boring?"
The loser said, "No, I am the word king."
Mozi said, "Don't you see that I am the king?"
The public loser said, "Yes."
When Zi Mozi saw the king, he said, "Today, some people give up their selected works and neighbors want to steal them; Give up its splendid scenery, and there is a dwarf brown (du m 4 n hè) next door who wants to steal it; Give up its meat, neighbors have bran, and want to steal it. Why is this a person? "
The king said, "There must be theft."
Zi Mozi said, "The land of Jing is 5,000 Li, and the land of Song is 500 Li, which is the same as the anthology. Jing has a cloud dream, rhinoceros (Si) is full of elk, and Jianghan fish turtle (yuán tuó) is rich in the world. The so-called pheasant-free rabbit (fù) fish in the Song Dynasty is the same as chaff. Jing You, Wen Zi, Kun, Nan, and Song have no long wood, but they are beautiful and short brown (Du m 4 n hè). I regard Wang Guan's attack on the Song Dynasty as the same kind. "
The king said, "Good! Although the bus section is a ladder for me, I must bring Song. "
So watch the public lose. Mozi takes the belt as the city and the dice as the machinery. The public transport set up siege machines nine times, and Mozi was nine times away. The attack of the bus plate is exhausted, and Mozi's defense is more than enough.
Volkswagen lost the game (qū) and said, "I know, so I'm far away, so I won't say it."
Zi Mozi also said, "I know that Zi left me because I didn't say anything."
The king of Chu asked him why.
Zi Mozi said, "I lost my intention and wanted to kill my minister." Kill the minister, Song Mo can keep it and attack it. However, I am a disciple of three hundred people, including Bird Slippers (G incarnation) Li, and I have been waiting for Chu Kou in Song Cheng with the weapon of guarding the tomb. Even if you kill a minister, you cannot kill him. "
The king of Chu said, "Good! Please don't attack the Song Dynasty. " [ 1]
Mozi returned to the Song Dynasty. It's raining, and the watchman is not inside (7). Therefore, as the saying goes, "those who treat God do not know their merits; People who struggle for clarity are well known. "
2. Sentence metonymy The use of metonymy is to borrow one thing instead of another, so most of them are nouns. When using it, we must consider the legitimacy and universality of substitution, and try not to simplify the complex and make the meaning smooth. Moreover, metonymy at this time is generally similar to seeing the big from the small, seeing the big from the small and seeing the big from the small, and concretizing the sentence image. Generally speaking, metonymy is a rhetorical method of borrowing people or things closely related to metonymy when speaking or writing articles, rather than directly saying what you want to express. What is replaced is called "ontology" and what is replaced is called "borrowing". When "ontology" does not appear, it is replaced by "borrowing body".
For example, those who carve their names on stones, their names rot earlier than the bodies. The "stone" in 1 is usually used as a monument. Here, "stone" is used to replace the monument, which implicitly reveals that the dream of reactionary rulers who are enemies of the people and want to leave a name for future generations will eventually be shattered.
If the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, the lonely sails come from the sun. (Looking at Tianmen Mountain) Replace the boat with some sails.
For example, Yamaraja was beheaded with a hundred thousand flags. (meiling three chapters) is a symbol-generating noumenon, which uses "standard" to replace the army or armed forces.
For example: 1. The tenth year of Southland. The "beacon smoke" in the case of (meiling three chapters) 1 was originally a firework used to warn the police on the ancient border. Here it refers to war, which concretizes and visualizes the abstract concept of war.
For example: 1. In the season of scare farming, eight out of ten households have set fire to their stocks and can't open the pot. The word "hoarding" in the example 1 is a tool for holding grain, and "lighting the bottom of hoarding" means that there is a shortage of grain; A "pot" is a tool for cooking. If you can't open the pot, you will have no food.
For example: 1. If you kill a Li Gongpu, millions of people in Li Gongpu will stand up! (Final Speech) The second "Li Gongpu" in Example 1 refers to a person who is not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifices, but fights for democracy and peace.
3. Descriptive techniques, expressive techniques and expressive skills of ancient Chinese.
Means of expression are lyric expression, means and techniques of description, artistic techniques, how to express feelings and how to describe them. Including: (1) article layout: symbolic metaphor, imaginary virtuality, combination of reality and fiction, associative deduction, setting off, comparison, suppression, care, seeing the big from the small, comparing the advantages and disadvantages, and using allusions to express the ambition; (2) Expression: lyric and description;
Direct lyric (direct expression of ideas)
Indirect lyricism-lyricism with scenery, lyricism with things (folding willows, climbing mountains, leaning on columns, using allusions), lyricism with things (expressing aspirations with things) and lyricism with reason (describing scenery)-frontal description, side description, combination of reality and reality, combination of point and surface, comparison, rendering, setting off, dynamic and static comparison, detail description and fine carving. Synaesthesia, contrast, duality, metonymy, for example: 1 The blending of scenes is indirect and implicit, and the description of scenes contains the poet's feelings of love and hate. 2. Deliberately describe the contrast and contrast from the side as a foil to make the things described more vivid and prominent. 3. Associative imagination is like wild imagination, which combines whimsy with the truth of nature. 4. Classical poetry is concise in language and rich in content, which increases the vividness and implicitness of expression and enhances the expressiveness and appeal of works. 5. Symbolic images are vivid and concrete, turning reality into emptiness. 6. Reduplication plays an important role in enhancing the sense of rhythm. 7. Holding objects to express their wishes and feelings, and expressing obscure expressions are implicit and implicit. 8. The details are true, accurate and vivid. 9. Sketch is vivid and profound without rendering, and sketched with rough brushstrokes. 10. The meticulous details are vivid and rhetorical. Turn abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete, and make the depicted image more vivid. 2. Replace complexity with simplicity and reality with virtuality. 3. Contrast bright colors, portray images and express rich meanings. 4. Exaggerate the essence and give people inspiration. Set off the atmosphere and enhance the appeal; Enhance association and create an atmosphere. 5. Duality is beautiful in music, concise in expression and lyrical. 6. Rhetorical questions emphasize tone. 7. Ask questions, attract attention and inspire thinking. 8. Puns are meant to imply, while others are implied. Pay special attention to the following six common descriptive skills of NMET (1). Dynamic and static contrast, silence is better than sound, and the music scene is sad. (2) Compared with various rhetorical devices, it is more vivid. Metaphor is to make things personalized, exaggeration is to emphasize and highlight, and antithesis is to enhance the musical beauty of poetry, express ideas concisely and express lyricism. (3) Dynamic and static combination pays great attention to the contrast between dynamic and static scenery, which can be combined with dynamic and static, and can also be written with static and dynamic. Sometimes the two complement each other to form a rendering contrast, thus highlighting the center. (5) color rendering. Color rendering can convey a happy mood, but also set off a sad mood. (6) Observe the change of angle. Looking down, looking up, overlooking, looking close, from far and near or from bottom to top. Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Metonymy in classical Chinese is very similar to metaphor. What is the difference between their usage and an article? When describing things or explaining reasons, the author uses other similar things or reasons for analogy. This figure of speech is called metaphor. In metaphor, things that are compared are called ontologies, things that are used for metaphor are called metaphors, and words that connect them are called metaphors. Ontology and vehicle must be different things in nature, and analogy with their similarity in a certain aspect constitutes metaphor.
Metaphor can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy.
Simile is a simile similar to B. The commonly used figurative words are "like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like" and so on. Both the ontology and the vehicle of this metaphor appear, which are connected by metaphorical words. The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. Ontology: bridge opening of stone arch bridge; Metaphor: rainbow; Metaphor: like it.
Metaphor means that A is B. Common figurative words are "yes, be, be" and so on. The ontology and vehicle of this metaphor also appeared, but the metaphor in the middle is not as obvious as simile, so metaphor is also called "metaphor". You young people are the rising sun in Ran Ran, and our hopes are pinned on you. Ontology: you young people; Metaphor: the rising sun; Metaphor: Yes.
Metonymy means directly saying A as B, without using figurative words, without saying noumenon at all, or not saying it in this sentence, but directly using figurative body B where noumenon should appear. Bright lights, like thousands of pearls flying into the sky! These rows of pearls make the milky way in the sky pale and the lake clear. The lights are on, just like thousands of pearls flying into the sky! It is a simile, and both ontology and vehicle appear; The last sentence only appears as a metaphor "these rows of pearls", which is a metaphor.
Metonymy means that there are generations in metaphor, and metonymy is generations rather than self-evident.
Metonymy is also called "renaming". It does not directly say the name of someone or something, but uses a name closely related to it instead. To people's surprise, the filter ran at the front. (Selling crabs) "Filter tip" is a prop in the hands of the characters in the novel. It goes without saying that using "filter tip" to refer to a character in the article.
Another example is: ⑤ Looking at one bridge after another with different shapes and charms, it seems that you have seen a strong warrior. ...
Example ⑤ is a metaphor, the ontology is a "bridge" and the vehicle is a "strong man". There are generations in the metaphor.
2. Metonymy focuses on "similarity" and metonymy focuses on "relevance".
For example, compared with the "pearl" and "electric lamp" in Example 3, they are very similar in color and texture; The "filter tip" in Example 4 is a prop in the hands of the characters in the novel, which represents the identity characteristics of the characters and focuses on the relationship with them.
Although metonymy and metonymy are very similar, it is easy to distinguish them after understanding their essential characteristics. Metaphor has the function of highlighting some characteristics of ontology; If metonymy is used properly, it can also receive outstanding images, distinctive features, concrete and vivid expression effects.
5. Write an article to persuade people to persevere. Review materials of classical Chinese in Chinese class of senior high school entrance examination. 1. Focus on dictation+reading China's classical poems. Title: 1, said (6) (1) Author: Zhou Dunyi (Song), philosopher.
Selected from: Joo Won's works. ⑵ Subject: Prose.
Manipulation: holding things to show ambition, using lotus as a metaphor for people. ⑶ Central theme: the author's yearning for a gentleman and his attitude towards life.
(4) Dictation focus: Give the lotus a muddy but not dirty, clear but not demon. 2, born in sorrow, died in happiness (7) (1) Author: Mencius (Warring States), politician, thinker.
Selected from Mencius. ⑵ Subject: Argumentative essay.
Manipulation: Use the method of combining historical cases with reasoning, and go deep at different levels. ⑶ Central theme: Explain that people's difficulties can stimulate their fighting spirit, and the country will easily perish if it is not worried.
(4) Argument: Born in sorrow, died in happiness. 5. Oral key points: Therefore, the day will drop to a big position, so (Sri Lanka) people must first suffer from their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around, so they must be patient and have benefited from what they can't do.
3, selling oil Weng (7) (1) Author: Ouyang Xiu (Song), a writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. From: Ouyang Wenzhong's official collection? Go back to the battlefield.
⑵ Subject: essays on philosophy. Manipulation: through the expression, action and language description of the characters, the personality characteristics of the characters are expressed.
(3) Central theme: Practice makes perfect; Experience is the mother of wisdom. 4, the story of the nuclear boat (7) (1) Author: (Ming) Selected from: "Yu Chu Xin Zhi" editor-in-chief "High Tide" (Qing).
⑵ Subject: explanatory text. Manipulation: adopt the structural layout of "total-sub-total" and take space as the order.
⑶ Central theme: It shows the sculptor's exquisite skills and ingenious ideas, and reflects the superb achievements of China's ancient crafts. 5, "Qian Donkey" (seven times) (1) Author: Liu Zongyuan (Tang), one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Selected from: Liuhe Dongji. ⑵ Subject: Fable story.
Skills: clear and detailed, and focused. Central theme: Although some things seem powerful, they are not terrible. As long as you dare to fight and be good at it, you will surely beat them.
(4) evolved into an idiom: the donkey is at his wit's end. 5. Dictation focus: Tiger music, meter said: "Stop this ear!" 6, Wolf (7) (1) Author: Pu Songling (Qing) from: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
⑵ Subject: Short stories. Technique: vivid and meticulous description.
The description of movements and demeanor is very vivid. ⑶ Central theme: Treat villains like wolves, dare to fight and be good at fighting.
7. Cao Gui's Debate (Part VIII) (1) is selected from Zuo Qiuming's Zuo Zhuan (Spring and Autumn Period). (2) Subject: writing history and literature.
Techniques: Taking the battle of Qilu as a clue, write the meanness of Lu Zhuanggong and highlight Cao Gui's foresight. ⑶ Central theme: It is expounded that only by winning the trust of the people and mastering the fighters can we win the war.
8, Confucius and Mencius on learning (8) (1) top four, Author: Confucius selected from: Confucius. The last two, from Mencius, are selected from Mencius.
⑵ Subject: Words and deeds of Confucius and Mencius and his disciples. ⑶ Central theme: ① Confucius' account of his progress in studying in Germany and the improvement of his cognitive ability reflects the law of continuous accumulation of life experience to some extent.
② Learning is inseparable from thinking, which is beneficial to learning. Learning and thinking must be closely combined.
(3) Learning should ask what you don't understand, including asking people with lower status than yourself. (The relationship between learning and asking) ④ Persuade people to strive for self-improvement.
What matters is not strength, but determination. ⑤ Learning doesn't come into contact with the cold once, but requires perseverance and concentration.
6. Don't be superstitious about books, but learn the essence from them. Reading should be critical and skeptical.
9, Yueyang Tower (9) (1) Author: Fan Zhongyan (Song) Author: "Fan Wenzheng Gongji". ⑵ Subjects: landscape writing and argumentative writing.
Technique: Describe two different "feelings of seeing things" when the "migrant poet" climbed the building, so as to transition to discussion. ⑶ Central theme: It expresses the author's political ambition and life attitude of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".
Not only self-encouragement, but also encouragement with friends. (4) dictation points: the husband is raining heavily and can't even open the moon; Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying; The sun, moon and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; Business travel is bad and ruined; Twilight, tigers roar and apes crow; When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad.
If it is spring, it is calm and the sky is high and the clouds are light; Sha Ou, travel, shore zhi, lush. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy.
10, Zuiwengting (9) (1) Author: Ouyang Xiu (Song), one of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. Selected from: Ouyang Wenzhong's official documents.
⑵ Subjects: landscape writing and argumentative writing. Technique: the word "le" runs through the whole text.
Duality sentence, judgment sentence. ⑶ Central theme: Express your thoughts of caring for mountains and rivers and having fun with the people.
(4) Dictation points: ① People who look beautiful and deep are also beautiful. The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but also between mountains and rivers.
3 the joy of mountains and rivers, the place where the heart belongs, and the place where the wine belongs. (4) the wild fragrance is rich, and the beautiful wood is cloudy.
(5) People know the pleasure of swimming from the satrap, but they don't know the joy of the satrap. 1 1, Taohuayuan (9) (1) Author: Tao Yuanming (Gold) is selected from: Tao Yuanming Collection.
⑵ Subject: Notes. Technique: Make up some plots through objective narration to create a beautiful paradise.
⑶ Central theme: It reflects the people's desire to hate war and pursue a peaceful life, and shows the author's dissatisfaction with reality and yearning for an ideal society. ⑷ Evolution idiom: Xanadu, nobody cares, suddenly enlightened, fell in love with birds, heard about chickens and dogs, enjoyed himself, cried over yellow hair (12), and said snake catcher (nine times) (1) Author: Liu Zongyuan (Tang), one of the eight famous people in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Selected from: Liuhe Dongji. ⑵ Subject: Notes and Argumentative Papers.
Technique: It describes that three generations of Jiang family would rather risk their lives to catch snakes than suffer tyranny and blackmail. ⑶ Central theme: It profoundly reveals the cruelty of extortion in feudal society and embodies the author's sympathy for the suffering of working people.
(4) Key points of dictation: ① Go out of the ground and exhaust its entrance. (2) Call for migration and hunger.
(3) clamoring for something, suddenly north and south. (4) If the deceased was guilty at the age of one, everyone else would be happy.
Second, China's classical poetry focuses on dictation and appreciation.