What kind of research do college medical students have on medicine? How to write the relevant graduation thesis? The following is my graduation thesis for college medical students, which I carefully arranged for you. Welcome to reading.
Abstract: Any single teaching mode has its advantages and disadvantages. The traditional experimental teaching mode has been used for many years, which shows that it is reasonable. What is reasonable should be retained and what is insufficient should be improved. In functional experiment teaching, it is a good model to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and improve teaching quality by adopting different teaching methods for different learning objects.
Key words: clinical medicine; teaching
Firstly, the open experimental teaching concept is introduced into the traditional experimental teaching mode.
On the basis of mastering the basic experimental skills and methods, students are allowed to choose the experiments they are interested in within the specified experimental items according to their own interests and complete them independently; The basic content is to divide the teaching content of comprehensive function experiment into the following three parts. The first part is a classic and basic experiment: under the guidance of teachers, students complete it in class. It accounts for 40% of the whole teaching plan and consists of 10- 12 experiments. Cultivate students' basic experimental skills; Classical experimental methods for learning physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiology. The second part is optional experiment: students choose 8- 10 experiments from 18 experimental items according to their own time and interests, and complete and submit experimental reports independently. It accounts for 30% of the whole planned class. This part is mainly to stimulate students' interest, enthusiasm and initiative in autonomous learning. The third part is exploratory experiment: under the guidance of teachers, students independently design experiments, independently complete design schemes, independently sort out experimental data, write experimental research reports, and report their research results with results, accounting for about 30% of the planned hours (including: lectures on basic knowledge of medical experimental research account for 6-8 hours; The discussion of experimental scheme accounts for 8 class hours; The experimental defense takes 4 hours; The implementation of the experimental scheme is mainly extracurricular). This part is mainly research-based learning, which stimulates students' interest and enthusiasm in exploring unknown things. So as to cultivate students' team spirit, innovative consciousness and ability.
Second, the advantages of open experimental teaching
Open experimental teaching and laboratory opening are two different concepts. Open experimental teaching not only has the openness of the laboratory, but also enables students to have greater independence and autonomy in the experimental teaching process, and is the main body of learning. The main forms of open experimental teaching are students' self-selected experiments and designed experiments (exploratory experiments). Practice has proved that open experimental teaching has the following advantages:
1. is conducive to stimulating students' enthusiasm and initiative in autonomous learning.
Interest is the driving force to explore the unknown and actively absorb knowledge. Traditional experimental teaching is mostly completed by teachers or experimental technicians from the selection of experimental contents, preparation of materials and preparation of reagents. In the process of experimental teaching, students basically follow the teacher's explanation and demonstration. Students are in a state of passive acceptance in the whole experimental teaching process. Open experimental teaching pushes students to the main position of experimental teaching. In the process of experimental teaching, students choose their own experimental projects according to their own interests and time, make their own experimental steps, analyze and process experimental data and results, and write experimental reports. In this process, the teacher only does questions and answers. It fully mobilized students' learning enthusiasm, stimulated their interest and initiative in knowledge, reduced their dependence on teachers, and fully cultivated their ability to find and solve problems.
2. Design experiments conducive to the cultivation of innovative ability.
According to the literature, or the problems encountered in study and life, middle school students design experiments under the guidance of teachers, complete them independently, and make statistical processing on the experimental research results, and write experimental research reports. This teaching method can not only create a good academic exchange atmosphere, stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in exploring unknown things, but also enable students to consult documents. Independent thinking ability; Ability to explore and analyze problems; The ability of writing papers has been fully trained. So as to achieve the goal of cultivating students' team spirit, innovative consciousness and innovative ability.
3. It is beneficial to improve teachers' teaching level and teaching organization ability.
With the implementation of open experimental teaching, the role of teachers in experimental teaching has changed, and the uncertainty of teaching content (students choose their own experiments or design their own experiments) even involves interdisciplinary issues. Teachers are required to master not only the knowledge of this major, but also the contents of related majors, not only a solid scientific research foundation, but also a certain number of complex experimental techniques. This requires teachers to constantly enrich their knowledge and keep learning. Therefore, the introduction of this teaching method is conducive to improving teachers' teaching level. In addition, under this teaching mode, teachers should be good tutors and lead the whole teaching process, which is also a test of their teaching organization ability. Therefore, open experimental teaching is conducive to the improvement of teachers' teaching organization ability. Some ideas of active students in the process of open experimental teaching may also give some enlightenment to teachers' scientific research work. Let teachers and students learn from each other in the process of "teaching" and "learning"
Third, the problems that should be paid attention to in introducing open experimental teaching into functional experimental teaching
Open experimental teaching is a very good way of autonomous learning and research learning, but it has certain limitations because of its high requirements for students' quality, experimental teaching resources and teachers' teaching ability. Therefore, when introducing open experimental teaching, we should pay attention to the following problems: students must undergo systematic professional experimental methods and skills training and master them skillfully. Therefore, systematic basic training is necessary, and open experimental teaching is only an important part of eight-year functional experimental teaching or a supplement to traditional experimental teaching mode. Functional experiments need a lot of animals, drugs, reagents and experimental space, so they need a lot of money as the backing. If this mode is adopted for large-scale experimental teaching of medical undergraduates, many difficulties may be encountered in the implementation process. Therefore, this model can only provide reference for the experimental teaching of a few small medical students with long academic system.
Open experimental teaching requires students to have high quality, strong self-study ability and active thinking, so open experimental teaching is only suitable for students with high comprehensive quality, such as eight-year students and top-notch students with spare capacity. Open experimental teaching must have perfect software and hardware conditions. Such as: sufficient funds, sufficient equipment, sufficient experimental space and complete experimental appointment, access control management, monitoring management, etc. Because of the independence and autonomy of students, the teaching object, content, time and other factors are uncertain. Perfect network experimental teaching platform is an important auxiliary means of open experimental teaching. Network resources can provide students with experimental methods, experimental technical guidance and illustrations of experimental equipment, which is convenient for students to inquire at any time.
Four. conclusion
Any single teaching mode has its advantages and disadvantages. The traditional experimental teaching mode has been used for many years, which shows that it is reasonable. What is reasonable should be retained and what is insufficient should be improved. In functional experiment teaching, it is a good model to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and improve teaching quality by adopting different teaching methods for different learning objects.
Graduation Thesis of Medical College Students (II) 1 Method
1. 1 basic nursing
By observing whether the patient has consciousness disorder, we can know the degree of the patient's illness. The change of pupil can reflect the patient's bleeding. Narrow pupil indicates that the patient has cerebral hemisphere bleeding, while dilated pupil indicates that the patient has severe and critical bleeding. By observing the patient's breathing frequency and depth, it is decided whether to provide ventilation support to the patient. Under normal circumstances, a ventilator is needed for ventilation. Patients are prone to nausea and vomiting. For patients with severe symptoms, you can keep lying on your side and guide the correct methods of expectoration and vomiting. When necessary, mechanical sputum aspiration can be performed to clean the mouth in time to reduce the occurrence of pneumonia. If the patient is in a deep coma and has weak spontaneous breathing ability, oxygen support can be given.
1.2 Nursing care of complications
Coma patients with cerebral hemorrhage often have complications, such as pneumonia, bedsore and urinary tract infection. In order to prevent such complications, corresponding nursing can be carried out in emergency nursing. Patients with unconsciousness can't swallow and cough normally, which leads to the accumulation of oral secretions in the mouth. In order to prevent aspiration pneumonia, patients can be given corresponding sputum suction nursing. In order to prevent the occurrence of bedsore, it is necessary to turn over the patient regularly and pay attention to keeping the patient's oral hygiene and the mattress clean and dry. If the patient's condition is serious, many nurses are needed to help him turn over and move lightly, and pay attention to the fixation of the catheter. The catheter is kept because the patient excretes urinary incontinence, and the catheter is placed to prevent urinary tract infection. Observe the color of patients' vomit and stool. If the color of vomit turns dark and the color of stool turns black, it means that the patient has serious gastric bleeding and should take corresponding measures in time.
1.3 Nursing care of intracranial hypertension
The increase of intracranial blood volume will lead to intracranial hypertension. When increased intracranial pressure reaches a certain level, some brain tissues of patients will be displaced, which will further oppress nerves or brain stem and cause a series of symptoms, which is also the manifestation of cerebral hernia. Drugs should be given in time to reduce intracranial pressure, and diuretics and mannitol should be used more. In this group, 0.25g/kg mannitol was injected intravenously for about 25 minutes, and then injected again after 7 hours. If the patient has cardiopulmonary insufficiency, the infusion speed can be slowed down.
1.4 Diet recuperates the brain
Patients with hemorrhagic coma can't eat normally. In order to avoid malnutrition, it is necessary to provide nutritional support to patients in time. For patients without symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, liquid food can be fed by nose, and the food is mainly light and high in protein. Observe the nutritional status and gastric juice color of patients to prevent gastric bleeding.
1.5 Other nursing care
In addition to basic nursing and complications nursing, nursing staff should strictly implement the shift-over system, and must be supervised at all times to keep abreast of the patient's condition changes and ensure the complete effectiveness of nursing. Pay attention to the body movements of coma patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the process of visiting wards to see if they have emotional instability and obstacles. In order to prevent patients' involuntary actions from aggravating their illness, protective belts can be applied appropriately, and nurses can be instructed to pay attention to patients' emotions and actions when patrolling the room. Keep patients' skin clean and comfortable. In order to prevent patients in deep coma from bedsore because they have been in the same posture for a long time, we can provide patients with turn-over massage nursing regularly, promote the recovery of blood circulation and limb function, and pay attention to gentle movements to prevent patients from being injured again because of overexert.
Two results
After effective first-aid care for 30 patients with cerebral hemorrhage coma, 24 patients' clinical symptoms were relieved, and the success rate of rescue was 80%. Among them, 14 patients were cured and discharged, and 7 patients could not be cured because of their serious condition.
3 discussion
Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and serious clinical complication in patients with intracranial vascular malformation, middle-aged and elderly hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis. The disease develops rapidly and it is difficult to rescue. In emergency nursing, besides observing the patient's vital signs and routine nursing, we should also pay special attention to whether the patient's respiratory tract is unobstructed, whether there is bleeding in the digestive tract and the prevention of complications. If patients are found to have abnormal symptoms in the observation records, they should promptly notify doctors to check and deal with them, and actively communicate with patients and their families to help them build up their confidence in fighting the disease, strive for their cooperation, and create positive conditions for the next treatment.
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