Rural Grass-roots Management Paper 1 Management Analysis of Rural Water Conservancy Construction at Grass-roots Level
Rural water conservancy construction plays an important role in rural economic development and agricultural modernization, and the state has also invested a lot of money to develop related projects. However, it is undeniable that there are still many problems in farmland water conservancy, and the aging and disrepair of some facilities are still serious, which restricts the development of local economy. Taking the rural water conservancy in Changle County as the research object, this paper briefly analyzes the problems existing in rural water conservancy, and based on this, puts forward some suggestions on strengthening the rural water conservancy construction.
Keywords: rural areas; Water conservancy; reform
China Library Classification Number: S27 Document Identification Number: A
introduce
Rural water conservancy is of great significance to the construction of new socialist countryside, which is not only the guarantee of increasing agricultural production and income, but also an important part of agricultural modernization. The party and the country have also realized the seriousness of this problem. In order to further accelerate the construction of small-scale water conservancy facilities in rural areas, the state started the construction of key small-scale farmland water conservancy counties under the central finance in 2009. Counties (cities, districts) included in key small-scale farmers' water conservancy projects have been built continuously for three years in accordance with the principle of unified planning and step-by-step implementation, with an annual total investment of about 20 million yuan (including central financial investment, local financial investment and farmers' investment). The construction content is mainly small-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction projects that have been incorporated into the comprehensive planning of rural water conservancy at the county level. Including ponds (volume less than 654.38+ 1 100 million m3), small irrigation pumping stations (installed capacity less than 75kW), diversion dams (flow less than 654.38+0m3/s), irrigation wells, rainwater collection and utilization projects (volume less than 500m3) and other small water source projects; The last canal system of large and medium-sized irrigation areas (the flow is less than 1m3/s), the canal system of small irrigation areas, high-efficiency water-saving irrigation projects, etc. Small drainage pumping stations (installed capacity less than 75kW), drainage channels with controlled area below 2000hm2, etc. However, it is undeniable that there are still many problems in farmland water conservancy, and the aging and disrepair of some facilities are still serious, which restricts the development of local economy. Taking the rural water conservancy in Changle County as the research object, this paper briefly analyzes the problems existing in rural water conservancy, and based on this, puts forward some suggestions on strengthening the rural water conservancy construction.
1 Present situation of rural water conservancy construction in Changle County
Changle County is a resource-based water-deficient county, with an average water resource of161850,000 m3 for many years and a per capita water resource of 268m3. The per capita water resources in China are 2200m3, and Changle County accounts for 1/8 of the whole country, which is in a state of extreme water shortage. The serious shortage of water resources has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting economic and social development. The average annual rainfall in the county is 609mm. Affected by monsoon climate and topographical conditions, the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall is extremely uneven, and 70% of annual rainfall is concentrated in June-September, resulting in flooding in flood season and extremely tight water use in dry season in some areas.
In order to ensure sustained, healthy and rapid economic and social development, solve the problem of drought and water shortage and overcome the bottleneck of economic and social development, under the leadership of previous county committees and governments, the county has built 3 large and medium-sized reservoirs, 3 small reservoirs 103, 407 ponds and dams, 560 pumping stations and 7,550 electromechanical wells, with an effective irrigation area of 36,300 hm2 and a water-saving irrigation area of 29,800 hm2. In recent years, according to the idea of water control in the new period, water conservancy has been vigorously built, and the task of removing danger and strengthening three large and medium-sized and 102 small dangerous reservoirs has been completed, which is one of the three counties (cities, districts) in the city that have completed the task of removing danger and strengthening dangerous reservoirs ahead of schedule. The 654.38+100000 tons water supply project from gaoya reservoir to the urban area and the water supply project from Ma Song Reservoir to the urban area have been completed, which initially solved the problem of urban production and domestic water use. We implemented tap water safety projects for every village and rural drinking water safety projects, and built 59 centralized water supply projects, with the penetration rate of tap water in rural areas reaching 99.8%. Implementation of Water-saving Reconstruction and Continuation Supporting Project in gaoya reservoir Irrigation District. Water and soil conservation projects focusing on the comprehensive management of small watersheds such as Weijiagou, Jingshan Reservoir, He Jiong River and crater were carried out. Unprecedented achievements have been made in water conservancy construction, which provides good water resources support and flood control guarantee for the rapid economic and social development of the county.
2 Changle County, the main problems in rural water conservancy construction
2. 1 The drought resistance of rural water conservancy facilities is insufficient.
Although the existing farmland water conservancy measures in Changle County have been greatly constructed and rectified in recent years, the main body was still built in the 1970s and 1980s, with low engineering quality standards and serious aging, and water conservancy facilities in many places have even collapsed and abandoned. Because of the uneven rainfall, the dry period is a severe test for the development of Changle agriculture. 20 1 1 year, Changle county suffered a rare drought in 90 years, and some towns and villages seriously reduced production, and even villagers had a drinking water crisis, which had a great impact on agricultural production and farmers' lives.
2.2 Insufficient investment in rural water conservancy construction
In recent years, Changle County has increased its investment in farmland water conservancy and built a 2000hm2 high-efficiency water-saving pipeline irrigation project in Yingqiu Town with a total investment of 26.98 million yuan. Rural drinking water safety project, with a total investment of 24.38 million yuan, involving 95 villages in Yingqiu Town and Wutu Street; The country plans to build a 20 1 1 year field project in Changle county with an additional 50 billion Jin of grain production capacity, with a total investment of180,000 yuan to build a stable grain field of 2400hm2, involving 3 1 village in Yingqiu town. The total investment of soil and water conservation ecological engineering construction is 23.43 million yuan; Comprehensive river regulation project, including Danhe regulation, with a total investment of 28.8 million yuan and river regulation of 4.8 million yuan; Low-and medium-yield farmland transformation and farmland transformation projects, with a total investment of 37.2 million yuan; River dredging and obstacle clearing project, according to the law, remove buildings, structures, trees, tall crops and all kinds of garbage that affect flood discharge in the river, block the gap of the river embankment, improve the river embankment, and restore and reach the designed flow capacity of the river; Field drainage engineering, and build a farmland drainage engineering system with perfect functions and smooth drainage. Although the total investment is large, it is relatively insufficient to share it with individuals.
2.3 Rural water environment was severely damaged.
Influenced by the industrialization development of some towns, some rural water environments have been polluted. In addition, the disorderly discharge of domestic garbage also destroyed some water resources. Coupled with the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the rural ecological environment has deteriorated and the water pollution situation is not optimistic.
3. Suggestions on strengthening rural water conservancy construction
3. 1 Innovative investment and financing system
Focus on broadening financing channels. The financial sector should formulate one-to-one loan policies and management measures, support private water conservancy and provide them with relaxed financing channels. Increase financial input. In addition to paying attention to the investment in public welfare projects such as urban flood control, the government should also focus on supporting rural drinking water projects, small water storage projects, irrigation canal systems and drought-resistant drainage projects to enhance the drought-resistant ability of agricultural production.
3.2 Promote small-scale water conservancy reform in rural areas
Clarify property rights and innovate the construction system. Can farmers implement small and micro water conservancy projects? Self-built, self-managed, self-used and self-owned? Appropriate government subsidies are regarded as private property, and property certificates are issued and protected by law. Encourage farmers to adjust surplus water shortage according to the principle of mutual benefit and give full play to the best benefits of engineering and water resources.
3.3 Strengthen the protection of rural water environment
Vigorously rectify rural non-point source pollution, garbage surrounding villages, domestic sewage turbulence and other problems, and at the same time close down, shut down, merge, transfer and relocate township enterprises that endanger urban and rural water sources within a time limit; Strictly control the scale of aquaculture development. At the same time, strengthen water environment supervision, strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system and environmental protection? Three at once? The system of protecting the sustainable utilization of water resources.
refer to
Min Yang. Brief Analysis of Farmland Water Conservancy Construction [J]. Water Conservancy World, 20 12(09).
[2] Liu Bangli. Thoughts on the construction of farmland water conservancy under the new situation [J]. Anhui Agricultural Bulletin (second half), 20 12( 18).
[3] Li, Xiang Aiyun. Problems in rural water conservancy infrastructure and countermeasures for sustainable development of water conservancy [J]. Modern agriculture, 20 12( 10).
[4] Yan. Present situation, problems and countermeasures of small water conservancy projects in rural areas [J]. Anhui Agricultural Bulletin (second half of the year), 20 12( 14).
The second part of rural grass-roots management "Management and analysis of rural water conservancy construction at grass-roots level"
Building a new socialist countryside and strengthening rural water conservancy construction have become an important way to promote rural economic development. However, more and more rural water conservancy construction projects have brought great pressure to the construction units, so the management of water conservancy construction has become increasingly urgent. This paper focuses on the management of rural water conservancy construction at the grass-roots level.
Keywords: grass-roots rural areas; Water conservancy project; construction supervision
China Library Classification Number: TV Literature Identification Number: A Document Number:
China is a big agricultural country and one of the countries with serious water shortage in the world. Facing the serious waste of water resources, especially agricultural irrigation consumes about 70% of fresh water resources, which means that the construction of rural water conservancy projects is of great significance for promoting rural economic development. However, due to the limited economic situation in rural areas and the fact that water conservancy projects are large-scale construction projects, they not only occupy a large area, but also have complicated projects. Although the country has increased the intensity of rural construction, there are often problems in the construction and management of gymnastics. This will not only affect the development of agriculture, but also directly affect the progress and quality of small rural water conservancy projects.
First, the status of grass-roots rural water conservancy projects
Hydropower stations built in grass-roots rural areas generally belong to small hydropower stations that mainly use agricultural water. The investment of the whole rural water conservancy project, except for some funds supported by the state, is mainly rural independent investment, so the scale and quality of rural hydropower station construction are closely related to the development of grassroots rural economy. In order to advocate the construction of new countryside advocated by the state, improve the awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and realize the sustainable development of rural ecological environment. There are more and more small hydropower stations invested by farmers, but there are also various worrying problems.
(A) there is no unified planning for rural water conservancy construction at the grass-roots level.
China has entered the stage of market economy development. In the face of increasingly fierce market competition, farmers' awareness of economic competition has gradually increased. Farmers are becoming more and more sensitive to the economic income of agriculture, and driven by personal interests, the collective concept is gradually weakening. It is easy for farmers to be indifferent to things that are not directly related to them. Mainly reflected in farmland irrigation and water conservancy project maintenance.
1. Farmland irrigation
Even though water conservancy projects can realize water-saving irrigation, in practice, various water resources are wasted one after another due to chaotic management. Some farmers use the abundant water resources around the reservoir to open up their own territory, and the phenomenon of indiscriminate farming can be seen everywhere, and many fish ponds have been opened up. In the farmland irrigation area, there is no unified command of water use, nor is it waterproof at will in accordance with relevant regulations. Therefore, the role of water conservancy projects has been greatly reduced.
2. Maintenance of water conservancy projects
The construction of grass-roots rural water conservancy projects is mainly based on farmland irrigation and utilization, and also plays the role of drainage and flood control. Then, the construction of water conservancy projects in these areas is mainly based on small reservoirs, which are built with various convenient conditions everywhere, and there is no unified planning and deployment. This leads to unscientific layout of rural water conservancy projects, and forms the main factor of chaotic management of rural water conservancy projects. The construction of water conservancy projects lacks overall planning, and there are also many problems in the operation of water conservancy projects. In particular, the maintenance of water conservancy projects has not been paid enough attention, resulting in some rural hydropower stations being unable to operate due to quality problems before their service life, and even some water conservancy projects have to be scrapped before their service life.
For example, in a rural area, the amount of water conservancy construction is large enough to meet the needs of local farmland irrigation. However, more than 60 electromechanical irrigation facilities used for rural irrigation failed to operate due to failures, and more than 10 were scrapped. There are no more than 30 irrigation facilities that can be used normally, and they are scattered, so it is difficult to realize unified irrigation of all farmland.
The reason for this phenomenon is that the maintenance of water conservancy facilities is not done well, resulting in the failure of various facilities. As a result, the water loss exceeded 2 million cubic meters, and the irrigated area of farmland also decreased.
(B) the management of grass-roots rural water conservancy projects lags behind
In some rural areas, water conservancy projects were built in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century, and have undergone changes for more than half a century. Neither the application technology nor the construction quality of water conservancy projects can be compared with those of newly-built water conservancy projects. In particular, the ability of flood control and waterlogging prevention has been greatly weakened. Farmers, however, have a weak awareness of safety and water saving, and offer themselves various convenient conditions, blocking dams, intercepting water and ditching at will, and exploiting groundwater at will. It not only destroys the water supply function of water conservancy projects, but also consumes a lot of water resources, threatening the ecological environment in this area. For example, in a rural area, more than half of the channels are leaking, and a few have been basically scrapped. However, the running water conservancy facilities are more or less dangerous, and will be scrapped if they are not maintained in time. This situation has had a very serious impact on the establishment and construction of this area.
From the ecological point of view of water conservancy projects, the quality of water conservancy facilities has a great influence on the surrounding ecological environment. Due to serious soil erosion, less and less vegetation and little dredging ability, it has laid a hidden danger for the flood.
(3) The quality of rural water conservancy professionals and technicians is generally not high.
With the institutional reform, some grass-roots water conservancy stations were merged into relevant departments, and indirect management measures were taken for these grass-roots water conservancy projects. Due to the lack of the person directly responsible, no professional technicians and managers can take the main responsibility, which leads to low work efficiency. In recent years, with the construction of more and more water conservancy facilities, the scale has gradually increased, and the engineering design has become more and more complicated, so that some professional and technical personnel can no longer meet the work needs.
Second, the grass-roots rural water conservancy project construction management
Rural water conservancy project is the infrastructure to ensure the rural ecological environment, which can not only improve agricultural production, but also create conditions for farmers to increase their income. We should attach great importance to the management of rural water conservancy projects, take building a water-saving society as the main guiding ideology, combine water conservancy construction with the requirements of rural economic development, dynamically design the management direction of water conservancy projects, and open up various ways to achieve the purpose of rural water conservancy project management.
(A) the establishment of scientific management model of rural water conservancy construction at the grass-roots level
According to the traditional concept, rural water conservancy construction is often based on construction, while ignoring the importance of management. In particular, it does not reflect its economy from the management. In order to make rural water conservancy construction management in place, practical management measures must be taken according to the functionality of water conservancy projects, so that water conservancy projects can create economic benefits under scientific management.
(B) improve the overall quality of water conservancy engineering personnel
The development of science and technology has promoted the continuous progress of society. Driven by high-end technology, the construction of water conservancy projects also presents a diversified development trend. Water conservancy project construction is no longer limited to engineering technology itself, but involves hydrology, climate ecology, geology and so on. Then, water conservancy workers should expand their knowledge to a wider field on the basis of improving their professional and technical level to meet the increasingly demanding post requirements.
In addition, the water conservancy management department should regularly organize some water conservancy professionals and project managers to receive training in order to popularize the new technical knowledge involved in water conservancy projects. This can not only improve the overall quality of water conservancy workers according to actual needs, but also ensure that every worker is conscientious and independent within the scope of his duties.
Summary:
To sum up, in the new historical period, to accelerate the construction of new socialist countryside, we need to seize the lifeline of rural development. Economic development is the basis of promoting rural development. Water conservancy project is the lifeblood of rural development. To strengthen the construction of water conservancy projects, quality supervision and control management must be carried out in all aspects of the project construction to promote the smooth implementation of water conservancy projects.
References:
Liu. Analysis on the problems existing in the management of rural small-scale water conservancy projects in China and the construction measures [J]. New countryside, 20 10(04).
[2] Zheng Lina. Analysis of the problems and solutions in the management of small-scale water conservancy projects in rural areas [J]. China Electronic Commerce, 20 12( 16).
[3] Liu Juan. Analysis on Management Countermeasures of Small Water Conservancy Projects in Rural Areas [J]. New Countryside, 20 12(03).
Rural Grass-roots Management Paper III "On Rural Grass-roots Financial Management"
Rural grassroots financial management is the key content of the whole rural grassroots work, which is closely related to the interests of farmers and is the focus of farmers' greatest concern. The quality of rural grass-roots financial management directly affects the harmony between the party and the masses, affects the normal operation of rural grass-roots organizations, and is closely related to the reform, development and stability of rural grass-roots. In order to strengthen rural grass-roots construction and promote rural economic development, a fair, open and strict rural grass-roots financial management system should be established.
Keywords: financial management of grass-roots organizations, economic development of grass-roots construction
Rural financial management is the foundation of consolidating and developing rural grass-roots collective economy, but there are many problems in rural grass-roots financial management, such as inadequate implementation of relevant systems, irregular financial work, chaotic financial management system and so on, which seriously hinder the development of rural grass-roots economy. In order to improve rural grass-roots financial management and promote rural economic development, we must implement and improve the policies of rural grass-roots financial management system, overcome various difficulties in our work, and strive to make contributions to building a harmonious rural society.
First, the status quo of rural grassroots financial management
(A) funds, bills and other management confusion
In terms of cash, there are too many cash reserves in many places, and the cash management and settlement system is not strictly implemented. In some places, cash is even misappropriated by IOUs. For example, individual cadres use their powers to borrow a lot of cash for a long time and occupy collective property. On the bank side, it violates the bank settlement system, such as taking bank credit.
The verification of the legality of bills in the original vouchers is not strong enough. A large number of bills are accounted for with white bars or self-made vouchers, and even self-made original vouchers are used in serious cases? An impostor? This is also an obvious dereliction of duty in financial management.
(B) low professional quality of accounting personnel.
Relatively speaking, most financial personnel in rural areas are directly appointed by village heads and other cadres, and in some areas, financial personnel are even concurrently appointed by village cadres. Often, when the village committee changes, the financial personnel will also change, and the stability of the financial personnel cannot be guaranteed, resulting in uneven professional quality of the financial personnel. Many financial personnel have not even received formal training, neglected management for a long time, and the financial system is difficult to implement.
(3) Rural debt
The economic base of the countryside itself is weak. In addition, after the merger, many villages are large, with a large population and more financial problems. Many villages became empty shells. In addition, in recent years, the implementation of projects such as connecting cement roads to villages and building villagers' entertainment facilities has increased the debts of villages and made financial work difficult to operate.
Second, the reasons for the problems
(A) backward ideological understanding
Some village cadres only pay attention to the distribution of funds and materials, not to supervision and management. I think as long as I don't embezzle money to farmers, farmers know that they don't have to settle accounts, no matter whether it is reasonable or not, as long as they give it to the people, they will complete the task. Some village cadres only pay attention to remedy afterwards, and will not use the system to bind financial personnel. They only know how to spend money indiscriminately, and they will only routinely ask questions when dealing with the financial inspection and audit of their superiors, and let their finances drift.
(b) Formalization of financial supervision
In general, the long-term supervision in rural areas depends on the supervision of villagers' financial management teams and the masses, and the design supervision of the competent departments is only phased. However, most members of the villagers' financial management team are village cadres, and few representatives of the masses exist in name only because of different reasons such as no remuneration. They don't know the financial situation of the village at all, and they don't care about the examination of documents. They are reckless, unprincipled and can't play a supervisory role. Lack of supervision in financial management will lead to a series of problems, which will lead to confusion in financial management.
(C) Financial personnel change too frequently.
Most of the rural grass-roots financial managers are directly appointed by the village head. With the change of village committees, financial personnel often change. The new financial personnel are not familiar with the previous financial system and management methods. In addition, the village head may designate a new financial work system after the change of office, and the financial problems are becoming more and more obvious.
Third, measures to strengthen rural grassroots financial management
(A) to raise awareness of the importance of rural financial management
Grass-roots cadres in rural areas are the backbone forces to lead the broad masses of farmers to a well-off society and build a new countryside. They must give full play to the role of grassroots cadres, improve their understanding of the importance of rural grassroots financial management, and put their own understanding into practice. It is necessary to educate and guide leaders at all levels to understand the importance of rural grassroots financial management, educate cadres at all levels to understand and deal with illegal acts, rectify the financial system, and put the rural grassroots financial system on the right track.
(2) Strengthen the management of funds and ticketing.
Financial personnel should not be afraid of power, adhere to principles, resist the phenomenon of excessive cash reserves, do their jobs well, and do not use white bars to arrive at the treasury or misappropriate cash. Bills should be tracked by financial personnel, and non-financial personnel are not allowed to participate. Every income must be paid into the financial special account to prevent the loss of funds from the source.
(3) Stabilize the financial work team and improve the quality of employees.
The village should perform the examination and approval procedures for the appointment and removal of financial personnel, not appoint financial personnel privately, adhere to meritocracy, maintain the relative stability of the financial work team, and strengthen the professional training and guidance for village financial personnel. To prevent the occurrence of duty crimes in rural grass-roots units and ensure that there are no loopholes in rural grass-roots finance, only the quality and professional level of financial personnel can be improved.
(four) the full implementation of financial disclosure and improve the financial system.
Set up a fixed bulletin board to publish village financial information in a timely, clear, definite and complete manner on a monthly or quarterly basis, including financial revenue and expenditure details, land compensation, transfer payment, withholding and remittance, etc. Let farmers know all the expenses and facilitate the masses to supervise the village finance. Farmers' opinions should be sorted out in time and fed back quickly. For special funds, there should be special management, earmarking. This is the key to ease the relationship between cadres and masses, improve the cooperation between villagers and village cadres and build a new countryside.
On the basis of financial openness, we should innovate the financial service mechanism, improve the rules and regulations of financial work, adhere to financial services to the countryside, and continuously develop the rural economy.
Four. Concluding remarks
Rural grass-roots financial management is a long-term complex and arduous work, which is currently in the stage of development and improvement. The weak stability of grass-roots financial work team, imperfect management system and insufficient supervision are stumbling blocks to rural economic development. In the future, grassroots cadres should focus on improving the relevant systems, supervision and team stability of rural financial work, further developing rural economy, and stepping up the pace of building a new socialist countryside.
References:
Liu Zhiqiang. Earnestly strengthen village-level financial management to ensure the stability of rural grass-roots political power [J]. Scientific Information (Scientific Teaching and Research), 20 12 (17): 502
[2] Any deposit method. Problems and countermeasures of current rural village-level financial management [J]. Manager, 20 14(4)
[3] Ma Bin. On the financial management of farmers' professional cooperatives in China [J]. Management and Technology of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (next issue), 20 12(2)
[4] Fan Shemin. Explore the establishment of a new mechanism of rural grass-roots financial management [J]. Foreword, 20 12
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