Viewing the development of China's automobile industry from the development trend of the world automobile industry
May 9(th), 2004
Automobile industry is the leading industry in our country, which has an important influence on the development of our national economy. With the acceleration of global economic integration and technological progress, the current world automobile industry presents a series of development trends different from the past. Based on the analysis of the development status of China automobile industry, this paper discusses the development countermeasures of China automobile industry.
Keywords: automobile industry; Development trend; Development Countermeasures With the continuous development of global economic integration and scientific and technological progress, the world automobile industry presents a completely different development trend from the past in industrial technology production, management and sales. As one of the pillar industries of the national economy, China's automobile industry will face fierce global competition after its death, which will not only bring new impetus to the development of China's automobile industry, but also bring new challenges. Starting from the development trend of global automobile industry, it is of great significance to discuss the development countermeasures of China automobile industry under the new situation for updating the development strategy of China automobile industry in real time and ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of China automobile industry.
Development trend of contemporary world automobile industry
Since karl benz, a German, invented the world's first gasoline-powered car in 1886, the world automobile industry has experienced the development of 100 years. With the development of global economic integration and the acceleration of technological progress, the contemporary global automobile industry presents a series of different development trends, as follows:
(1) The automobile market is gradually shifting from developed countries to developing countries. Since the beginning of the new century, the global automobile market has shown a shrinking trend. In 2002, compared with 55 million cars sold in 2000, the world car sales decreased by 1 1%. At the same time, the situation of traditional developed countries such as Western Europe and North America has converged with the overall global changes. The production scale of the global automobile industry is increasing instead of decreasing. At present, there are150,000 cars in the world every year, and all major automobile manufacturers are looking for new market growth points in the world. The automobile market in developed countries is gradually saturated, and the automobile sales in the United States, Britain, France and Italy continue to be weak. At the same time, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Hungary, Brazil and other developing countries in Asia, Eastern Europe and South America are also represented. Based on its huge population (six times that of developed countries, and most of them are car-free) and rapid economic growth, the automobile market has developed rapidly in recent years and become a new world automobile market. The focus of the global automobile market has gradually shifted from developed countries to developing countries, with emphasis on these areas.
(2) The whole automobile production industry has been directly organized and United by the group in the world, and a new automobile industry pattern was initially formed at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The world automobile industry gradually formed the present six plus three pattern through a series of global automobile enterprise mergers and acquisitions. That is, after GM, Ford, Volkswagen, Toyota, Daimler-Chrysler, Renault and Nissan merged and reorganized with BMW, Honda and Peugeot-Citroen, the world automobile industry was basically ruled by Meide Automobile Company, and the newly formed group company was amazing in scale, surpassing the transnational business model based on modern information technology in any previous period. It promotes the development of flat enterprise management organization, accelerates the information flow of large group management chain, greatly reduces the management cost brought by scale expansion, and makes the formation of super-large automobile groups become a reality, indicating that the original world automobile industry competition pattern has been broken and a new automobile industry pattern is gradually taking shape.
(c) Global trends in ship configuration.
At present, the world's major automobile manufacturing enterprises allocate resources on a global scale to adapt to different business environments and market demands in different regions. The distribution of the main links in the industrial chain is no longer limited to the geographical scope of a country, but is increasingly based on the global platform operation. Since 1980s, with the automobile market gradually shifting to developing countries, automobile enterprises in developed countries have adopted the business model of transnational investment and factory building. The subsidiaries or joint ventures of these multinational companies provide the basis for the global allocation of the current industrial chain. Since the 1990s, various regional trade organizations in the world have gradually expanded, and the tariff barriers between regions and countries have gradually broken down, leading to the gradual formation of the world multilateral trading system. International trade tends to assimilate. The development of information technology has accelerated information transmission, and Internet procurement has greatly reduced transaction costs. The new form of transnational organization has gradually improved the resource allocation among market customers, distribution centers, manufacturers and parts suppliers in the automobile industry chain, and gradually shifted from a region in the past to the optimal allocation of industrial chain resources around the world, shortening the product development cycle and new product launch cycle, and improving competitiveness.
(D) The technological progress of spare parts enterprises has been accelerated, and system integration and modular production have become the new development direction. Network procurement ensures that enterprises can know the needs and preferences of consumers in the market in time, adjust products in time to meet market demand, reduce inventory costs and reduce the backlog of outdated products that often appeared in the past. This mode of production accelerates product renewal and shortens the life cycle of automobile products. The traditional mode of production in which a car model enjoys a series of parts alone can no longer meet the needs of the development of the current automobile industry. Parts enterprises that were originally attached to a single vehicle assembly enterprise began to face the supply of many enterprises around the world. Some non-core businesses originally deployed in vehicle assembly enterprises began to be externalized, and network organizations appeared between vehicle and component enterprises. The technological progress of parts enterprises has been accelerated. System integration and modular production have become the new development direction. At the same time, the number of traditional parts enterprises has been greatly reduced, and multinational parts companies have rapidly increased new modes of division of labor and cooperation, which has promoted the implementation of the platform strategy and achieved systematic integration and modular production of parts as much as possible.
(V) Accelerated changes in core technologies.
The core technological changes of contemporary automobile industry mainly focus on automobile fuel and autonomous driving. Traditional petroleum fuels have caused irreparable damage to the environment, and petroleum resources are gradually exhausted. Finding new green energy sources has become the direction of technological change in the global automobile industry. At present, the development of automobile alternative fuel technology has been in a breakthrough stage. At the end of 2002, at the17th International Electric Vehicle Exhibition held in Montreal, Canada, Ford Benz announced that it would realize the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles in the 200th year. It is predicted that by 20 10, the output of fuel cell vehicles will reach 1 10,000 vehicles. William Clay Ford Jr of Ford Company predicts that fuel cells will eventually end the rule of internal combustion engine 100 years. In order to realize the safe driving of automobiles, the world's major automobile manufacturers have been looking for various technologies to increase the safety factor of automobiles. New driving technology is one of them. Since entering the information age, with the rapid development of electronic technology, the automatic driving of cars is about to be realized. Through communication satellites and GPS, computers will help people drive cars, and the accuracy of electronic systems will greatly improve the safety of car driving. At present, the integrated control of automobile functions is being realized, and the intelligent transportation system has begun to be built.
Second, the development experience of automobile powers
From the above analysis, we can see that with the accelerating process of global economic integration, there are many different development trends in the automobile industry. From the development process of these international automobile powers, we can draw the following experiences that are worth learning:
(A) an independent and complete technical system
No matter from the United States, Europe, Japan and other traditional automobile powers, or from the rising star South Korea, there are all independent and complete technology brands, such as Ford in the United States, Toyota in Japan, Volkswagen in Germany and Daewoo in South Korea. And with the advent of the information age, the development of automobile peripheral technology and the enhancement of consumers' environmental awareness, the current automobile technology is developing in the direction of environmental protection and electronization, and in this process, the automobile power plays a vanguard role in the technological revolution. Take environmental protection technology as an example. According to the investigation of California Institute of International Automobile Economy, in 1980s, the average annual growth rate of automobile industry in North America, Western Europe and Japan was about 5.5%, while in the first five years of 1990s, it was 8.5%. But in the past two years 1996 2, it reached more than 12.5%, of which Germany reached 15%. In addition, South Korea, Brazil, Mexico and other automobile producing countries also attach great importance to the development of environmental protection technology. Among them, South Korea's fuel cell technology has basically taken shape, and the corresponding automobile products have also invested in small-batch production technology. As the source of vitality of the automobile industry, it has its own technical system, which is very important for the survival and development of the domestic automobile industry.