Abstract: From the 3000-year history of prenatal education in China to the great achievements made by foreign developed countries in the past 30 years; From the three theoretical foundations of scientific prenatal education, the implementation mode and time of prenatal education, and a large number of practices at home and abroad, it has been proved that prenatal education is conducive to the improvement of fetal quality; It shows that scientific prenatal education is feasible in family quality education. The method of scientific prenatal education should fully explore the potential quality of the fetus, and elaborate it from seven aspects: potential emotional literacy, potential musical literacy, potential language literacy, potential sports literacy, potential visual literacy, potential habit literacy and potential brain literacy.
Paper Keywords: scientific prenatal education family quality education
First, why do you say that family quality education should start with scientific prenatal education?
Family quality education should start with scientific prenatal education. From the 3000-year history of prenatal education in China (from the ancient theory of "imperial secrets" to "exogenous", from the praise of the famous family education monograph "Yan Family Instructions" to the classic story of prenatal education), to the great achievements made by foreign developed countries in the past 30 years; From the three theoretical foundations of scientific prenatal education, the implementation mode and time of prenatal education, and a large number of practices at home and abroad, it has been proved that prenatal education is conducive to the improvement of fetal quality; It shows that scientific prenatal education is feasible in early family quality education.
(A) What is scientific prenatal education
We believe that scientific prenatal education should be based on physiology, obstetrics and gynecology, brain science and developmental behavioral pediatrics. Physiological system expounds the physiological characteristics and functions of sensory organs, nervous system and endocrine system, such as Physiology edited by Zhu Danian; Brain science introduces the development and function of the brain; Gynecology and obstetrics have detailed descriptions of the developmental characteristics of embryos and fetuses, such as Obstetrics and Gynecology edited by Le Jie. All social and psychological factors from outside the mother first cause physiological changes of pregnant women, and then affect the growth and development of the fetus. Scientific prenatal education should apply physiological and medical theories, attach importance to the physiological process and mechanism of the fetus, and create a good physiological environment for the fetus, such as ensuring normal blood circulation, endocrine, intrauterine temperature and pressure. Second, we should use the scientific knowledge of psychology and pedagogy theory. Psychologists at home and abroad have studied fetal psychology and formed a branch of psychology, fetal psychology (or prenatal psychology). Scientific prenatal education should emphasize the influence of positive emotions and other psychological phenomena on fetal growth and development, pay attention to analyzing and studying the psychological changes of pregnant women and the occurrence and development law of fetal psychology with psychological principles, and give pregnant women the necessary psychological scientific knowledge to master their own psychological activities and treat prenatal education with a happy mood and a positive attitude. Scientific prenatal education should also be guided by educational theory. Prenatal education is essentially an ultra-early education for the fetus, the most basic part of all the education received in life, and a potential quality education stage from the perspective of quality education. Scientific prenatal education should explore the quality potential of the fetus as soon as possible, so that the innate genetic quality of each fetus can be fully exerted. Third, it should be based on the theory of eugenics. The eugenics theory of scientific prenatal education is actually a comprehensive prenatal education research that uses the knowledge of physiology, medicine, psychology, education and other disciplines to artificially control the factors that restrict and affect the growth and development of the fetus, eliminate the bad factors, and promote the birth of excellent babies physically and intellectually. Such as disease prevention, careful medication, quitting smoking and drinking, rational nutrition and so on.
In short, scientific prenatal education is the application of scientific theories and knowledge such as physiology, psychology, pedagogy, medicine and eugenics. To promote the development and growth of fetal physical and mental health (direct prenatal education) and ensure the physical and mental safety of pregnant women (indirect prenatal education), create a good maternal environment, so that every couple can have a healthy and intelligent baby, so that every family can cultivate high-quality talents that parents love and the country expects.
(2) The history of prenatal education in China.
The Western Zhou Dynasty is the initial stage of the practice and development of prenatal education in China. The earliest recorded prenatal education was conducted by the mothers of Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Chengwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. Liu xianglie's biography. "The Mother of Zhou" Note: Tairen, the mother of Zhou Wenwang, "If you are pregnant, your eyes don't see evil colors, your ears don't listen to lewd voices, and your mouth doesn't make any noise, you can give it prenatal education." The earliest book with prenatal education was Huangdi Neijing, a medical work in the Spring and Autumn Period, which described "fetal diseases".
The Western Han Dynasty was the initial stage of China's prenatal education theory. A series of books have appeared to record and study the practice and theory of prenatal education. Jia Yi's new book "Prenatal Education" expounds the way of "cautious beginning" and records the methods of prenatal education in the weekly room. Wang Chong was a materialist philosopher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In Lun Heng, he discussed issues such as pregnancy, childbirth and prenatal education. Han Ying, a scholar and former teacher in the Han Dynasty, recorded the folk prenatal education in the Warring States Period in the tenth chapter of his Biography of Han Poems, and also recorded Meng Mu's methods of prenatal education for Mencius. "If you sit incorrectly, you will not eat normally, so it is called prenatal education."
Sui, Tang, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Song Dynasty is the stage of deepening the development of prenatal education theory and practice. Yan Zhitui, a Northern Qi writer, attached great importance to education. He highly praised the prenatal education conducted by the ancient holy king. He said: "The ancient holy king had the method of prenatal education; Huai Zi said, if you live in another palace, you should look at people, listen to them, and taste the sound with courtesy "("Family Training of Yan Family "). Godchild), advocates that the morality of pregnant women affects the fetus, making it "positive" rather than evil; Yang Di's physician, Chao, wrote The Theory of Etiology, in which the book Pregnant Door is devoted to prenatal education. Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, wrote medical classics such as Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yaofang, and also had a special article on raising fetus, which systematically expounded the pregnancy pulse, pregnancy obstruction, pregnancy diet, prenatal education and other issues, and put forward the theory of "external image and internal feeling". Chen is a famous gynecologist and surgeon in the Southern Song Dynasty, and she is the author of Women's Prescription: The Door of Prenatal Education. He discussed the role of prenatal education from the perspective of clinical medicine.
During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's theory of prenatal education was enriched and improved. Zhu Zhenheng, a famous medical doctor in Yuan Dynasty, discussed the importance of "meticulous" prenatal education for pregnant women from the physiological mechanism of the fetus and pregnant women in his book "Ge Zhi Yu and Ci Lun". Kang Youwei, a famous politician and thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, put forward the idea of establishing a "people's hospital" to carry out collective prenatal education for pregnant women in his book Datong, which is novel and unique.
In addition, Cai Yuanpei, a famous democratic revolutionist and educator, also put forward the suggestion of setting up a "prenatal education center" in Selected Works of Cai Yuanpei. Methods of implementing aesthetic education.
(C) Foreign prenatal education
Aristotle, a famous philosopher, scientist and educator in ancient Greece, first raised the issue of prenatal education in the West. In his book Politics, he put forward similar views on eugenics and maternal health care from the perspectives of biology, anatomy and medicine. He said: "What kind of physique parents have is most beneficial to their children, which is something we will consider when discussing children's education." "Pregnant women should take care of themselves and they should engage in sports. Wait a minute.
In the past 30 years, great achievements have been made in the theory and practice of prenatal education in developed countries, especially in the United States and Japan. 1979, an expert in obstetrics and gynecology in California, USA? Dr. Deka founded a "fetal university" and has graduated more than a thousand students so far.
At present, Japan is the most enthusiastic country to study prenatal education in the world. Some medical and educational experts have re-expounded the scientific basis and teaching methods of prenatal education from the research experiments of fetal medicine, educational psychology and higher education with the help of modern advanced technology and equipment.
(D) the implementation mode of prenatal education
The first is direct prenatal education. Or prenatal education in a narrow sense. According to the actual situation of the development and growth of fetal sensory organs, appropriate and reasonable information stimulation is given to make the fetus establish conditioned reflex, and then promote the maturity of its brain function, body motor function, sensory function and nervous system function. In other words, direct prenatal education is to scientifically provide auditory, tactile and visual stimuli, such as music, dialogue, touch and light. In all stages of fetal development and growth, the nerve cells in the fetal brain are constantly proliferating, and the functions of the nervous system and various organs are reasonably developed, so as to maximize the quality potential of the fetus and achieve the purpose of improving human quality. According to the application of advanced instruments such as fetal mirror and B-ultrasound and many scientific experiments, it is found that the fetus has hearing, vision and touch in the uterus, can feel all kinds of information introduced into the uterus from the outside, has a certain memory, and can educate the fetus at an early stage.
The second is indirect prenatal education. Or education in a broad sense. It is a psychological, dietary and environmental health care measure to ensure that pregnant women can successfully pass through pregnancy and childbirth, avoid the influence of all bad stimuli on the fetus, and create all conditions for the healthy growth of the fetus. Because without a healthy mother, there will be no strong fetus.
(5) When did prenatal education begin?
Broadly speaking, prenatal education should start from the time of mate selection. Because choosing a spouse is not only a matter of marriage between men and women, personal and family happiness, but also related to the quality of future generations and the prosperity of the nation. From the perspective of eugenics, scientific mate selection will be more beneficial to the intelligence and physique of future generations. Whether a man chooses a woman or a woman chooses a man, she should subconsciously think about the next generation in the future and pay attention to each other's health (whether there are genetic diseases, etc.). ), ideological quality, personality temperament, family education, appearance, mutual affection and other factors. Zhao Zhongxin, a famous family education expert in Beijing Normal University, pointed out in his book Family Education that "young men and women should consider combining when choosing a spouse, and they should be able to have healthy children, avoid close relatives from marrying, and have patients with diseases that affect their children's health. No marriage, no children. After pregnancy, mothers should pay attention to health care during pregnancy, implement prenatal education, avoid irritating foods such as alcohol and tobacco that are not conducive to growth, and pay attention to maintaining emotional stability. "