The horizontal theme is relative to the vertical theme. Horizontal project refers to the project of an enterprise, and the contractual relationship between the project and the enterprise is equal consultation. So it's called a horizontal project.

Vertical projects refer to projects initiated by scientific research administrative units designated by governments at all levels on behalf of the government. Such as: Ministry of Science and Technology, Provincial Science and Technology Department, Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, National Social Science Federation, Provincial Social Science Federation, Municipal Social Science Federation, Ministry of Education, Education Department, etc.

Extended data:

First, the application of horizontal topics

Horizontal projects refer to projects entrusted by governments at all levels, government functional departments, enterprises, institutions and social organizations (except those that have been confirmed as national projects, provincial and ministerial projects and university-level projects).

Including scientific research, technical research, decision-making demonstration, design planning, software development, etc. The horizontal project is an important way for the school to expand its external relations, serve local economic construction and improve the level and popularity of scientific research.

Second, vertical themes include

1, national project. Generally refers to the projects assigned by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Social Science Foundation of China.

2. Provincial and ministerial topics. Generally, it refers to the projects issued by the Provincial Science and Technology Department, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Finance Department and the Natural Science Foundation Committee, as well as ministerial-level projects issued by other ministries except the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance.

3. Bureau-level issues. Generally refers to municipal projects and provincial and bureau-level projects.

4. School topic.

Baidu encyclopedia-horizontal topic

Baidu encyclopedia-vertical topic