During my study in France, I was lucky enough to be invited to attend the 30th anniversary academic annual meeting of Lyon Language Correction School in France. clear
Some training and professional regulations for speech therapists are briefly introduced as follows:
A brief history of speech therapy
In France, speech therapy was first founded by Dr. Colombart in Paris (1826).
Mainly treat patients with speech defects. A century later (1926), Mrs Borel Maisonny set up a speech corrector in Paris hospital.
Treatment clinic. The teaching of language orthodontics was formally established1955; 1960 speech therapist law promulgated; 1965
1998, the state established the qualification certificate of speech therapist. At that time, there were 65,438+0,565,438+0 professionals with speech therapists in France.
Official proof. The content of language error correction is also constantly developing and improving. At first, it was mainly to treat children's speech defects. Today, it
Its application field has expanded to communication disorders, involving stuttering, aphasia, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia,
Speech disorders, speech and language development retardation and dysphagia.
Second, the admission conditions and academic system
After graduating from high school and passing the exam, you must pass the entrance exams of French and psychological technology before you can be admitted. Entrance examination score
Written test and oral test. If you pass the written test, you have to have an oral test to talk with the students. The academic system lasts for four years, including classroom teaching every year.
The proportion of study, practical courses and practice varies from year to year. Introducing some guidance in the first academic year is helpful for understanding.
Important courses and learning how to do this job. The second academic year focuses on the teaching of pathology and language correction evaluation. From the third study
In 2006, students began to further study rehabilitation techniques and began to make work plans. Introduce some elective courses in the fourth year.
According to Cheng, students begin to prepare their thesis research in the third year, and they need to finish their thesis in the fourth year. At the end of the research, students
Students introduce their graduation thesis.
Third, the curriculum.
In the first school year, there are 3 15 class hours for classroom teaching and 35 class hours for practice, totaling 350 class hours. ① Auditory anatomy (18)
When); Auditory physiology (6 hours). ② Pronunciation anatomy (16 class hours); Pronunciation physiology (10 class hour). ③ Auditory pronunciation function
Test: listening test (18 class hours +7 class hours practice); Pronunciation function test (8 hours); Auditory function test (8 hours).
④ Precise Science: Mathematics-Physics (15 class hours); Statistics-calculation method (12 class hours). ⑤ Language Science: Phonetics (36 hours +6
Classroom exercises); Linguistics (20 hours +20 hours practice). ⑥ Psychology: General Psychology (62 class hours); Neuropsychology (14
Hours +20 hours of practice); Psycholinguistics (12 class hours). ⑦ Teaching method: lecture method (30 hours); Grammar (10 class hour).
8 neurology (20 class hours).
In the second academic year, there are 232.5 hours of classroom teaching and 60 hours of students' practical classes, totaling 292.5 hours. ① Children's psychological education
Study (27 hours+16 hours of practice). ② Psychiatry (44 hours). ③ Neurology (15 class hours). ④ Neuropsychology (2 1)
+4 hours of practice). ⑤ Language correction and evaluation (6 hours +24 hours of practice). ⑥ The application of linguistics in language correction (7.5
Hours +9 hours of practice). ⑦ Writing (8 hours). ⑧ Smart (20 class hours). 9 Stomatology (6 hours). ? B 10？ heritage
Study (6 hours). ? B 1 1？ Ophthalmology (6 hours). ? B 12？ Speech Orthodontics (18 class hours). ? B 13？ Laryngeal pathology (6 studies
When). ? B 14？ Soft palate pathology (6 hours). ? B 15？ Functional dysphonia (5 hours); Neurological disorders (5 studies
When); Deafness in adults and children (4 hours). ? B 16？ Equipment (5 hours); Equipment failure (6 hours of practice). ? B 17？ children
Pathology 7 hours. ? B 18？ Pathology 2 1- trisomy syndrome (10 class).
In the third academic year, there are 260 class hours of classroom teaching and 404 class hours of practice 144 class hours. ① Group analysis and occupational status
The formulation of (5 hours+10.5 hours of practice). (2) make a language correction application (2 hours+14 hours of practice). ③ Linguistics
(7 hours +5.5 hours of practice). (4) transliteration (or phonetic notation) (9 hours +5.5 hours of practice). ⑤ Memory (10 class hour). ⑥ Phonetics
Orthopedics: laryngectomy and swallowing rehabilitation (9 hours +6 hours of practice); Voice rehabilitation (1.5 class hours+18 class hours for practice). All landowners deaf:
Deaf children are precocious (18 class hours); Rehabilitation of deaf children (15 hours +6 hours of practice). Lip reading (4.5 hours +20 hours)
Practice). 8 Oral English: stuttering (6 hours +2 hours of practice); Dysphonia, soft palate dysfunction, cleft palate and dysphagia.
Difficulty (10 hour +2 hours of practice); Speech and language development retardation (10 hour +8 hours of practice); Early language correction intervention
(2 hours +2 hours of practice). 9 Psychology: Psychology of deaf children (5 hours); Stuttering psychology (5 hours); Cognitive thinking
Science (8 hours). ? B 10？ Mental retardation: children with 2 1- trisomy syndrome received rehabilitation treatment (10.5 class hours +4 class hours of practice); wisdom
Disabled children and speech therapists (10 hours +4 hours of practice). ? B 1 1？ Writing language: writing-reading language barrier (10
Hours+10 hours of practice), writing rehabilitation (9 hours +4 hours of practice); Language barriers in writing and spelling (10 class hours +8 class hours)
Practice); Written language rehabilitation (24 hours). ? B 12？ Logic-math activities (12 class hours); Logical-mathematical thinking development method
Legal intervention (12 class hours). ? B 13？ Aphasia-neuropsychology: aphasia (20 hours +2 hours of practice); Neuropsychology
(12 class hours +6 class hours); Language disorders in the elderly (3 hours +6 hours of practice).
In the fourth academic year, there are 73 class hours of classroom teaching, with practice 138 class hours, totaling 2 1 1 class hours. (1) to teach the basic knowledge of computer.
(2 hours). (2) card cabinet management (9 hours of practice). ③ Academic papers on language correction (10 class hour). ④ Ethics (14 class hours)
+1.5 hours of practice). ⑤ Psychological development of writing (6 hours +6 hours of practice). ⑥ Kiss the patient in the speech therapy room.
Work (4 hours +4 hours of practice). ⑦ Spelling difficulties (2 hours of practice). ⑧ Logic-math activities (12 hours of practice).
Application of Language Correction: Language Correction and Learning Disabilities (6 hours of practice). ? B 10？ Contact with children with multiple disabilities (4 hours
Practice). ? B 1 1？ Children receive rehabilitation treatment (10 hour +4.5 hours of exercise). ? B 12？ Close to children with visual loss (3 hours
Practice). ? B 13？ Cochlear implant (4 hours of practice). ? B 14？ Follow-up deaf children (12 class hours+12 class hours practice). ? B 15
Deaf children receive speech therapy (6 hours of practice). ? B 16？ Introduce gesture language (4.5 hours of practice). ? B 17？ Hearing AIDS:
Hearing aid adaptation for young deaf people (1 1 class). ? B 18？ Interdisciplinary work of speech therapists (3 hours practice). ?
B 19？ Ring the world (2 hours of practice). ? B20？ The feeling of language (2 hours of practice). ? B2 1？ Aphasia Rehabilitation (16 class hours
Practice). ? B22？ Neuropsychological rehabilitation is similar to major, brain injury (8 hours practice). ? B23？ Aphasia and dysphagia
Rehabilitation (3 hours of practice). ? B24？ Crowd analysis exercise (16 hour exercise). ? B25？ Read the medical record (3 hours of practice).
B26？ Seminar on psychology (7 hours of practice). ? B27？ Dual culture: institutional phenomenon (4 hours).
Fourth, internship.
Speech therapists have arranged internships during their four-year study in school. The internship in the first academic year is to arrange students to go to junior high school.
Go to school and observe as many students as possible. Arrange two internships, each for 15 days, one for kindergarten and one for preschool.
At the end of the internship, students are required to draft two internship reports, one is environmental monitoring; On the other hand, it is
The problem of children's education teachers. The internships in the second, third and fourth years are naturally arranged according to the different knowledge of students.
No, its practice places are general hospitals, medical-psychological centers, medical-psychological-children's education centers and early medical-social centers.
Social activity centers, functional rehabilitation centers and specialized hospitals. However, in recent years, the number of private service institutions for French language therapy has increased.
Yes, you can also go to a private clinic.
Internship is usually arranged twice a year, the first time from July, and the second time from 12 copies, each lasting about 4 months. In these three years,
* * * There are six internships, which are usually arranged in the morning and afternoon to participate in classroom teaching and practical classes.
The organization of internship is a complicated work, which is the responsibility of specialized cadres. Different teaching courses arrange different practice places.
For example, audiology is arranged in a large general hospital, and speech orthodontics may be arranged in a private clinic.
According to the choice of major, students need to be exposed to different types of practical working environment and communication obstacles in different aspects.
Practice enables students to fully understand different types of actual working environment, thus helping students to go to society and serve society.
Yes The internship in the first semester of senior year needs special arrangement, because the content and place of the internship in the last year are related to the graduation of students.
The completion of the thesis is closely related, so it is necessary to help and guide students to choose thesis tutors and topics.
Internship in 2008, mainly around the graduation thesis, evaluated the language therapy and studied the treatment methods, and completed the thesis.
You can get a speech therapist certificate.
Five, speech therapists occupation related laws
The profession of French speech therapist has been protected by law since 1960, and now the speech therapist.
Laws and regulations are determined by Decree No.2000. August 24, 83-766,1983; In the law. On March 30th, 92-327, 1992
This law has been revised. The content of this law consists of two parts.
The first part: Speech therapists complete their professional norms under certain conditions through health care actions.
It includes disability survey, language correction assessment and rehabilitation of various language barriers (such as vocal tract barriers and speech barriers).
Dysphonia, dysphonia, deafness, written language disorder, dysphagia, stuttering, etc. ) and various language barriers to education (such as
Early education for disabled children, learning lip language and sign language, learning esophageal sounds).
It is very necessary that all these activities should be accompanied by the appropriate participation of people who are closely related to patients.
Part II: Through the activities listed above, speech therapists can participate in preventive measures in multidisciplinary groups.
The act of giving.
The training of speech therapists in France started earlier and has entered a relatively perfect stage for more than 30 years.
The understanding of mobility disorder is equivalent to the understanding of limb disorder. Clinicians, psychotherapists and neuropsychiatrists are interested in various types.
Have a deep understanding of the evaluation and rehabilitation of language communication barriers. Language rehabilitation started late in China, and no language has been established so far.
Speech therapist qualification certificate. In rehabilitation centers and major general hospitals, especially neuropsychiatric departments, most of them have not received it.
Formal trained speech therapists have caused a considerable number of patients with communication disorders to be unable to receive rehabilitation and education.
Moreover, these patients have more or less psychological barriers and daily living ability barriers, which seriously hinder the rehabilitation of their original diseases.
When entering social life, what is more serious is that many medical workers and their families turn a blind eye to the communication obstacles existing in patients.
If you don't see it, you don't understand. Therefore, China should establish a training base for speech therapists as soon as possible.
The qualification certificate makes the language correction method popular in China as soon as possible.
Authors: 7 10032 Xi' an, Department of Physiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Li Ling); Technical research institute
Adapted from No.8 Rockefeller Street
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