Modern China is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which is different from the feudal society before the Opium War and the general capitalist society. Therefore, it has many characteristics of its own, as follows:

Imperialism has increasingly become a decisive factor in ruling China and hindering the social development and progress of China. Imperialism constantly launched the war of aggression against China, forcing the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties that humiliated the country. They manipulated China's finance, economy, military and culture, making the already backward economy and culture even more backward, becoming the main force that hindered the independent development of modern China, and also the general source of all disasters and evils in modern China.

China's feudalism and imperialist aggression colluded with each other, which was the most reactionary and decadent force in modern China and became the social foundation of imperialist rule and enslavement of China. The invasion of imperialist powers destroyed the natural economic foundation of feudal self-sufficiency, but the foundation of feudal exploitation system not only still existed, but also combined with the exploitation of comprador capital and usury capital, which occupied a significant advantage in China's social and economic life and became the most important economic form in modern China. Although modern Chinese national capitalism developed, it never became the main economic form of China society. As China is a semi-colonial country ruled indirectly by several imperialists, the imperialist powers divide their spheres of influence in China and implement the policy of divide and rule, which makes China's political, economic and cultural development extremely unbalanced.

The broad masses in China, especially the broad masses of workers and peasants, are not only oppressed by imperialism and feudalism, but also exploited and oppressed by the bureaucratic comprador bourgeoisie. They live a cold and hungry life and have no political rights. The poverty and unfriendliness of the people of China are rare in the world.

The culture of modern China was born in the difficult process of cultural conflict and blending between China and the West. This culture consists of bourgeois democratic thought, utopian socialism and Marxism. In the end, Marxism dominated and became the guiding ideology of the national democratic revolution in modern China.

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Semi-colonial and semi-feudal China society has the following characteristics:

(1) Capitalist imperialism controls the economic and political lifeline of China and determines and dominates China.

(2) China's feudal forces colluded with the invaders, which was the social foundation and ruling pillar of foreign powers' oppression of China people.

(3) Although the natural economy has been destroyed, the landlord's land ownership still exists.

(4) Although China's capitalism emerged and developed, it was always weak and did not become the main body of China's social economy.

(5) China's political and economic development is extremely unbalanced, and China is not unified internally. This is related to the struggle and indirect control of capitalist imperialism, the local separatist regime based on China's local agricultural economy, and the vast territory of China.

(6) China people's political rights and living in extreme poverty.

(1) Although the foundation of feudal natural economy has been destroyed, the feudal exploitation system still exists. The exploitation of peasants by the landlord class, together with the exploitation of comprador capital, bureaucratic capital and usury capital, still dominates the social and economic life of China. Feudalism is the alliance of imperialism and bureaucratic capitalism and the basis of their rule. (2) Although national capitalism has developed to a certain extent, it has played a great role in China's political and cultural life, but most of it is related to foreign capitalism and domestic feudalism to a greater or lesser extent. It has not become the main form of China's social economy, and its strength is weak, so it is impossible to break through the shackles of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism. (3) Imperialism is not only strong in China, but also deeply rooted. They colluded with the reactionary forces in China, which not only manipulated the financial and economic lifeline of China, but also controlled the political center and military positions of China. (4) Successive governments in China have been extremely reactionary. From the Qing government, the Beiyang warlord government to the national government, it is not only an autocratic government that oppresses the people and prevents social progress, but also a traitorous government that surrenders to the outside world. ⑤ The economic and political development of China presents a very unbalanced state. This is because China is a vast country, and China has been in a state of disunity for a long time due to imperialist aggression and feudal scattered landlord economy. The poverty and unfriendliness of China people are rare in the world. Under the oppression and exploitation of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, the broad masses of people in China, especially farmers, are increasingly poor and even bankrupt in large numbers, leading a hungry and cold life without political rights. ⑦ The development of social productive forces in China is extremely slow and the economy is extremely backward. The proportion of modern industry in the total national economic output value is very small. Before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, modern industry accounted for about 10%, and agriculture and handicrafts accounted for about 90%.