Step 0 introduce
Since the reform and opening up, China's national economy has developed with each passing day, urban development has entered the fast lane, and the urban landscape has undergone earth-shaking changes. With the development of the city, it also brings a series of problems, such as the increasing shortage of urban land resources. In order to effectively improve the efficiency of land use, high-rise buildings have mushroomed in cities. Especially in the 2 1 century, the number of high-rise buildings has developed by blowout. In order to meet the higher use requirements, various equipments are increasing day by day. Once a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, it may cause huge loss of life and property, so the fire protection design of water supply and drainage for high-rise buildings is extremely important.
1, the characteristics of high-rise building fire water supply and drainage engineering
1. 1 requires high safety and reliability.
In the fire protection design of water supply and drainage of high-rise buildings, the key factor to be considered is the high safety and reliability requirements of the fire protection system of high-rise buildings. There are many hidden dangers in high-rise buildings. Once a fire breaks out, it will spread very quickly and it is difficult to put out the fire. Therefore, ensuring the safety and reliability of high-rise building fire protection system is the key to water supply and drainage fire protection design. Considering the present situation in China, the design of water supply and drainage fire fighting system should be based on self-rescue.
1.2 high hydrostatic pressure.
Another important factor in the fire protection design of water supply and drainage of high-rise buildings is the hydrostatic pressure of high-rise buildings. Different from ordinary low-rise buildings, high-rise buildings have great hydrostatic pressure. If the conventional single-zone water supply is used, the use effect may not be guaranteed, and the pipes and fittings are easy to be damaged.
1.3 pipeline has high mechanical strength.
Compared with ordinary low-rise buildings, high-rise buildings have longer drainage pipes and higher drainage requirements, so the pressure inside the pipes changes greatly during use. In the fire protection design of water supply and drainage in high-rise buildings, it is necessary to ensure the drainage capacity of the fire protection system and the pressure stability in the pipeline at the same time. Based on the above points, the pipes of water supply and drainage fire fighting system in high-rise buildings should be made of materials with high mechanical strength.
2, the form of fire water supply system
(1) The forms of fire water supply system can be divided into independent fire water supply system and centralized fire water supply system in a certain area according to the service scope. The specific selection of fire water supply system should be based on the characteristics of water supply and drainage fire protection system in high-rise buildings (such as high safety and reliability requirements), and on this basis, economy should be considered, that is, an economical water supply method should be selected reasonably on the premise of ensuring safety and reliability. Personally, I suggest adopting a regional centralized fire water supply system, that is, similar high-rise buildings can use fire pools. This way of fire water supply is economical, but it is very difficult to popularize it in practice, mainly because adjacent high-rise buildings often belong to different enterprises, and it is difficult to coordinate between enterprises. Promoting this form of fire water supply requires the relevant government departments to take the lead and coordinate all parties.
(2) The forms of fire water supply system can be divided into zonal water supply and non-zonal water supply according to the height. The design basis of zonal water supply and non-zonal water supply is mainly the hydrostatic pressure of hydrant bolt mouth. When the hydrostatic pressure is less than or equal to ≤0.80MPa, non-partitioned water supply can be adopted; When hydrostatic pressure >: when the pressure is 0.80MPa, water will be supplied in zones. Among them, there are several different modes of zonal water supply, including parallel zonal water supply, series zonal water supply and pressure reducing valve zonal water supply. These three modes of water supply have their own characteristics:
1) parallel partition water supply mode, as the name implies, its biggest feature is that each partition can be regarded as an independent water supply system, and the partitions do not interfere with each other, so the fire fighting system adopting this water supply mode has high safety and reliability. However, parallel water supply in different areas also has the disadvantages of high cost and high requirements for daily maintenance and management.
2) Corresponding to the parallel zonal water supply mode, the series zonal water supply mode ensures that the pump pressure in each zone is almost the same, and there is no need to design high-pressure pumps and high-pressure pipelines. Its disadvantages are similar to parallel partition water supply mode, high cost and difficult daily maintenance and management.
3) The third water supply method is the pressure reducing valve. Compared with the first two water supply modes, the water supply system has simple structure, low cost and relatively simple daily maintenance and management. Based on the above advantages, it is recommended to use pressure reducing valve for water supply. It should be noted that this water supply method requires a high-pressure relief valve, so an adjustable relief valve should be adopted.
To sum up, there are many ways of fire water supply for high-rise buildings, and the specific design needs to be analyzed according to the specific characteristics of the project.
3, outdoor fire hydrant quantity design
As a guiding document for fire water supply and drainage design of high-rise buildings, Article 7.3.6 of the High Code clearly stipulates: "The number of outdoor fire hydrants shall be calculated and determined according to the water consumption of outdoor fire hydrants specified in Article 7.2.2 of this Code, and the water consumption of each fire hydrant is 10- 15 1/S". In addition, "Therefore, I One outdoor hydrant corresponds to one water pump adapter. When designing the number of water pump adapters, if the method of adding the number of outdoor fire hydrants calculated according to the outdoor fire water quantity with the number of outdoor fire hydrants required by the water pump adapters is adopted, the number of fire hydrants will be more than the actual number, which will not only waste resources, but also increase unnecessary expenses. A more reasonable method is to take the larger value of the two.
4. Design of pressurization facilities for fire water supply system
In the design of fire water supply system in high-rise civil buildings, in order to ensure the fire system to play a better role and successfully put out the fire in the early stage of the fire, the water outlet pipe of the high-level water tank of the fire hydrant system is often pressurized, and usually a pressurizing facility consisting of a booster pump and a pneumatic tank is installed. However, the pressurization facilities bring more inconvenience to the daily maintenance and management of the fire protection system, and the equipment will produce certain noise when it is running, so it is necessary to take targeted measures to deal with it. If it is not handled properly, it may have a certain impact on the top-level households. In fact, not all high-rise buildings need to design pressurization facilities, as long as the height of the water tank can meet the hydrostatic pressure requirements of the most unfavorable hydrant bolt. The high-level fire water tank in high-rise civil buildings can meet the hydrostatic pressure requirements of the most unfavorable hydrant bolt through the overhead design of the roof machine room.
5. Conclusion
To sum up, with the passage of time, most buildings in the downtown area are high-rise buildings. On the one hand, the number of high-rise buildings reflects the prosperity of the city, but it also leaves a fire hazard for the city. In recent years, fires in high-rise buildings have occurred from time to time, resulting in huge losses of life and property. Ensuring the fire safety of high-rise buildings and conforming to the design of fire water supply and drainage are the requirements that high-rise buildings must meet. Therefore, designers attach great importance to fire water supply and drainage, accumulate design experience in the design process, draw lessons from previous accidents, learn and absorb advanced design concepts at home and abroad, and further promote the continuous development and progress of fire water supply and drainage design in high-rise buildings.
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