The theoretical models commonly used in writing papers are 1 and Dewey's "learning by doing". 2. Skinner's reinforcement theory. 3. Piaget's cognitive development theory. 4. Vygotsky's theory of the zone of proximal development.

1, Dewey's "Learning by Doing" john dewey put forward the basic principle of "learning by doing", the main idea of which is "how human experience affects learning". Because people's initial knowledge and the most determined knowledge are all about how to do it. Therefore, the teaching process should be a "doing" process.

In his view, if children don't have the opportunity to do it, it will inevitably hinder their natural development. Children are born with a desire to do things and work, and have a strong interest in activities, so special attention should be paid.

Dewey believes that "learning by doing" means "learning from activities", and learning from experience links the acquisition of knowledge in school with activities in the process of life. Because children can learn from truly educational and interesting activities, which will help their growth and development. It is often used to develop students' hands-on practice, inquiry teaching and other related teaching research.

2. Skinner's "reinforcement theory"

Emphasize the role of reinforcement in learning. Skinner divided reinforcement into positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The positive reinforcement in teaching is the teacher's approval, and the negative reinforcement is that the teacher no longer frowns. These two enhancements increase the possibility of recurrence of the reaction. Skinner believes that negative reinforcement and punishment cannot be confused.

Through systematic experimental observation, he reached an important conclusion: punishment is an attempt to stimulate a certain reaction by presenting negative reinforcement or excluding positive reinforcement, which is only a palliative method and is not good for both the punished and the punisher. His experiments prove that punishment can only temporarily reduce the reaction rate, but not reduce the total number of reactions in the regression process. Skinner's scientific research on punishment played a certain role in changing the corporal punishment education prevailing in the United States and Europe at that time.