The most fundamental requirement of the principle of seeking truth from facts is to combine the universal truth of Marxism–Leninism with the concrete practice of socialism in China, and strive to explore the road of socialist revolution and construction with China characteristics, so as to formulate the correct line, principles and policies. Practice has proved that if we persist in seeking truth from facts, the revolution will win and develop; On the contrary, the revolution will suffer setbacks and failures. This is an irrefutable truth summed up by our party's decades of revolutionary experience. In the long revolutionary career, Mao Zedong summed up the experience and achievements in this field, and summarized it as the basic principle of seeking truth from facts, and then regarded it as the basic point and essence of Mao Zedong's philosophical thought.
(2) Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophical thought are synchronous. Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophical thoughts are both based on the understanding of the fundamental issue of proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts and combining theory with practice, and they are the products of combining the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete practice of our revolution. Therefore, they have the characteristics of synchronization.
Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts stems from the profound lesson of bourgeois reformism bankruptcy. Mao Zedong has heard and witnessed the irrefutable evidence of imperialist aggression against China since he was a teenager. The people of China are struggling in dire straits. At that time, he began to seek the truth of saving the country and the people, explored the road of China revolution, and was determined to transform old China and create new China. Based on a preliminary understanding of Marxism, he gradually realized that only by proceeding from the reality of our country can we find the correct way to liberate the Chinese nation. After the First Opium War, China gradually became a colonial and semi-colonial society. At that time, the national disaster was imminent and the people were in dire straits. In order to save the Chinese nation from peril, a large number of people of insight, regardless of their personal safety, stood up and fought. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a pioneer of China's democratic revolution, proposed the establishment of a bourgeois coalition government, which ended in failure. Why is it that the West is effective and it is not feasible to bring it to China? People are confused. Only Mao Zedong's insight, uniqueness and outstanding foresight found that these thoughts have a fatal weakness, that is, they do not conform to the objective reality of China. He believes that it is doomed to fail to be divorced from the objective reality of China, based on historical idealism and relying on the support of "saviors" and "foreigners". Therefore, he put forward that "historical materialism is the philosophical basis of our party" and we must rely on "great unity of the people" to carry out the revolution. This is an important conclusion he drew from the revolutionary practice in our country. Therefore, when he graduated from Hunan Normal University and stepped into the society, he became more aware of the importance of practice. He wrote in the Record of Lecture Hall that it is useless to study behind closed doors, and put forward that everything should proceed from reality, "speak according to the reality of life and society" and "introduce reality to study facts and truth". (Note: Mao Zedong's early manuscripts (1912.6—1920.11), 363 pages. ) Then if we want to make some efforts in today's world, we can't do without China. About the situation of this site, it is necessary to conduct on-the-spot investigation and study. In order to study and solve various realistic social problems in China and the world, he initiated the establishment of the "Problem Research Society". In the articles of association, he proposed to combine the study of practical problems with the study of socialism, to combine social practice with investigation and research materials, and to combine theory with practice to guide the work. These thoughts are his ideological program of proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts and integrating theory with practice. This will have a very important influence on the formation of Mao Zedong's philosophy and the principle and method of seeking truth from facts.
It is precisely because Mao Zedong attached great importance to all the principles of proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts and integrating theory with practice that he investigated and studied various ideological trends and theories at home and abroad, and organically combined them, and finally chose Marxism as a theoretical weapon to transform China and the world among various complicated social ideological trends. He established a firm belief and the purpose of serving the people thoroughly, and realized a fundamental change in the world outlook. Mao Zedong's clear understanding of these outstanding achievements in his early years was manifested in his scientific attitude of proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts and integrating theory with practice as soon as he set foot on the society, and applied Marxism to the objective reality of our country, thus laying a solid ideological foundation for Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophical thought. At the same time, it is pointed out that the two are synchronous.
(C) Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophy have dual origins.
Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts is the basic point of Mao Zedong's philosophy, and it is also his inheritance, enrichment and development of Marxist philosophy. At the same time, he is deeply rooted in the soil of China's traditional philosophy. The former embodies the continuation of the same philosophical thought, while the latter shows the sublation of China's traditional philosophy. Before the Revolution of 1911, Mao Zedong's spirit of seeking truth from China's traditional philosophy was basically learning and applying. Of course, his spirit of seeking truth in practice can't rise to the height of proletarian world outlook, but with the deepening and development of China revolution, he began to dabble in China. He was deeply influenced by reading the history of Confucian classics, and criticized and reformed it in revolutionary practice, removing its dross and taking its essence. So he can have a solid ideological foundation, create a new chapter in China's philosophical thought, and play a beautiful and beautiful song of seeking truth from facts. Become a famous philosopher who shocked China and the world.
Mao Zedong's philosophical thought is embodied in his sublation of China's traditional philosophy, and then absorbed its essence through screening, especially the truth-seeking spirit of China's traditional philosophy. He got the message, made great achievements and reached a higher level.
Undoubtedly, Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts has a direct ideological origin with Marxist spirit of seeking truth from facts. Of course, although Marx did not explicitly put forward the concept of seeking truth from facts in his life, as the founder of Marxism, Marx always adhered to the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts. This scientific attitude is also common in some theoretical works of Marx. In his German Ideology, he pointed out that to understand things according to their true colors and their appearance, our starting point is people engaged in practical activities. Both Marx and Engels pointed out that the practical application of the basic principles of the Manifesto of the Productive Party mentioned in the Manifesto should be based on the historical conditions at that time at any time and anywhere. Obviously, Marx's expression of seeking truth from facts goes far beyond this, but from the available information, every major achievement of the establishment and development of Marxism is the result of proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts and integrating theory with practice. Engels spoke highly of Marx's spirit of seeking truth from facts. He thinks that Marx has no place to make his theory consistent with the facts. On the contrary, he tried to present his theory as the result of facts.
The October Revolution started and Marxism was introduced into China. Under the influence of Marxism, Mao Zedong's philosophical thoughts gradually showed the spark of truth in the process of colliding with other thoughts. He deeply realized that China would have no future if he adhered to the traditional views, became rigid and stuck to the rules. Therefore, he accepted the pragmatic spirit of Marxism, and gradually began to combine it with China's revolutionary practice, mastering, applying and developing Marxism, thus purposefully blending the pragmatic spirit of China and the West. As Deng Xiaoping said: "Marx and Engels founded the ideological line of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and Comrade Mao Zedong summed it up as' seeking truth from facts' in China language (Note: Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume 2, page 278, Beijing People's Publishing House, 1994). ), which not only shows the characteristics of China and nationalization of Mao Zedong's philosophy, but also shows that Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts has a dual origin with Mao Zedong's philosophy.
(4) Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophical thoughts were gradually formed and developed in the struggle against subjectivism and dogmatism.
In the 1920s, Mao Zedong gradually formed the embryonic form of the principle of seeking truth from facts in the struggle against subjectivism and dogmatism within the Party.
In 1930s, Mao Zedong exposed and criticized dogmatism and empiricism from the world outlook and methodology, especially the root of the scourge of dogmatism. He pointed out in the article "Against Bookishness": "Marxist books are to be learned, but they must be combined with the actual situation in our country. We need' books', but we must correct books that are divorced from the actual situation. " (Note: Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works, Volume I, page 5 1. ) "The victory of China's revolutionary struggle depends on Comrade China's understanding of China's situation ... * * * The ideological line of producers to create a new situation through struggle." (Note: Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works, Volume I, pages 54-55. This is the first time in the history of the party that the issue of ideological line has been clearly put forward. Later, he wrote The Strategic Issues of China's Revolutionary War, and published a series of brilliant works, such as On Practice and On Contradiction. It profoundly criticizes the way of thinking that theory is divorced from reality, points out that dogmatists are typical representatives, and then reveals that "idealism and mechanical materialism, opportunism and adventurism are separated from subjective and objective, and cognition and practice." Marxist-Leninist epistemology characterized by scientific social practice cannot but resolutely oppose these erroneous ideas. (Noe: Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works, Volume I, page 134. ) and pointed out that everything in the world is contradictory, which shows the universality of contradiction, while many comrades, especially dogmatists, are not clear about the particularity of contradiction. They don't understand that the universality of contradiction lies in its particularity. If you don't understand the contradictions of different qualities, you can only solve them in different ways. Solving different contradictions in different ways is a principle that Marxists must strictly abide by. Later, when he wrote the article "The Position of China's * * * Production Party in the National War", he emphasized that "* * * production in party member should be a model of seeking truth from facts and a model of foresight. Because only by seeking truth from facts can we accomplish certain tasks. " (Note: Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works, Volume I, page 275. This is the first time that Mao Zedong used the concept of seeking truth from facts. He drew a clear line between Marxism-Leninism and dogmatism from the world outlook and methodology, enriched and developed Marxist epistemology and materialist dialectics, and laid a theoretical foundation for the formation of the principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophical thought.
In the 1940s, especially during the Yan 'an Rectification Movement, Mao Zedong not only explicitly emphasized seeking truth from facts and proceeding from reality, but also emphasized the style of study of investigation and study, integrating theory with practice. At the same time, we must oppose subjectivism as the ideological enemy within the party. In his rectification literature, such as Preface and Postscript to Rural Investigation, About Rural Investigation, Reforming Our Learning, Correcting the Role of the Party and Opposing stereotyped Party Writing, he repeatedly emphasized and profoundly and systematically expounded the idea of seeking truth from facts and proceeding from reality. Adhering to the Marxist cognitive line of seeking truth from facts and integrating theory with practice, organically unifying the principle of seeking truth from facts with the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism has become an important part of Marxist world outlook and methodology, making the principle of seeking truth from facts more complete and systematic, and making important contributions to enriching and developing Mao Zedong's philosophical thoughts.
In 1950s, Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophy also experienced a tortuous development process. After the restoration of the national economy in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the successful completion of the "one China, three industries" and the first five-year plan period, Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee repeatedly emphasized and expounded the extreme importance of the work style of seeking truth from facts to the ruling party, and repeatedly called on the whole party, especially leading cadres at all levels, to inherit and carry forward the glorious tradition of seeking truth from facts. It can be said that "On Ten Major Relationships" and "On Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People" are his most outstanding classic works in this period. Under the impetus of Mao Zedong's philosophy, seeking truth from facts has become a common practice among the whole Party, the whole army and the people of the whole country, and has become the ideological line of the Party guiding all our work. The establishment of the principle of seeking truth from facts marks the maturity and development of Mao Zedong's philosophy.
However, from the anti-Rightist struggle to the three-year natural disaster and its aftermath, due to various reasons, Mao Zedong and some leading cadres of our party ignored or failed to conduct serious and realistic investigations and studies, deviated from the principle of seeking truth from facts, and thus made wrong judgments and decisions on many issues, which made the party make major mistakes in some guiding principles. Especially during the "Cultural Revolution", the counter-revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four engaged in idealism and metaphysics, which seriously undermined the party's ideological line of seeking truth from facts. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the party's ideological line of seeking truth was restored and established through the discussion of "practice is the only criterion for testing truth", and Mao Zedong's philosophical thought and principle of seeking truth were further promoted and developed in the new period of socialist modernization.
It can be seen that Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts and Mao Zedong's philosophy have dual origins and synchronous characteristics, which were gradually formed and developed by Mao Zedong in understanding and solving the fundamental problem of seeking truth from facts and integrating theory with practice. It was also gradually formed and developed by him in the struggle against subjectivism within the party. Therefore, Mao Zedong's principle of seeking truth from facts contains the essence of Mao Zedong's philosophy.
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