In terms of structural design of high-rise buildings, China started late. In recent years, some high-rise buildings and even super-high-rise buildings have appeared in major cities. The structural design of these buildings is very important, which determines the quality and life of the buildings. The increasing demand of owners also puts more demands on designers. In view of the problems existing in the structural design of high-rise buildings, they need to be solved one by one in order to truly realize the operation of high-quality buildings.

1 structural design features of high-rise buildings

Horizontal force is the decisive factor in the structural design of high-rise buildings. Horizontal load has great influence on the stability of high-rise building structure. Similar to ordinary buildings, the vertical load of high-rise buildings is mostly expressed by gravity, but in terms of horizontal load, high-rise buildings are very different from ordinary buildings. The self-weight and load of high-rise buildings can produce certain axial force and bending moment in vertical members, which plays a decisive role in the stability of building structures.

In the structural design of high-rise buildings, the lateral displacement index must be strictly controlled. When the building height increases, the lateral displacement of the structure under horizontal load will be amplified, which threatens the stability of high-rise buildings and has a certain impact on people's comfort. Therefore, it is necessary to control the lateral displacement within a certain range, which has become the core element of structural design.

The requirements for seismic design in high-rise building design are obviously improved. With the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in recent years, any slope deviation may cause stability damage. When the vertical load of high-rise building increases, the axial force in the column is serious, and the change of the bending moment of continuous beam reduces the negative bending moment at the support, which affects the blanking length of precast members. Therefore, attention should be paid to axial deformation in the design of high-rise buildings; Some measures should be taken to ensure that the building structure has considerable ductility. When high-rise buildings are in danger, the collapse problem will be avoided. If there is no ductile design, it is harmful to the efficiency of use.

2 high-rise building structural design principles

2. 1 Schematic diagram of reasonable calculation

First of all, we must ensure that the calculation diagram is reasonable, and the diagram plays a decisive role in the structure. In order to ensure the safety of the calculation drawing, it is necessary to adopt corresponding construction methods. In addition to paying attention to steel joints and hinged joints, it is necessary to continuously reduce the calculation error and control the calculation diagram within a certain range (see figure 1 -2).

2.2 Selection of foundation design

Secondly, in the foundation design, we should fully understand the geological conditions of high-rise buildings, and comprehensively analyze the structural types and load distribution of high-rise buildings, conduct comprehensive research according to the construction conditions and adjacent interactions, and determine the scientific and reasonable foundation scheme on the premise of fully understanding the basic information. In the basic scheme, the potential of the foundation will play the greatest role, and it is necessary to carry out foundation testing in advance.

2.3 structural scheme selection

A reasonable structural scheme needs to meet the overall requirements of structural design of high-rise buildings, and achieve the economic purpose as much as possible. In the same structural unit, the same structural system is adopted, and the structural selection is comprehensively determined according to geographical conditions, engineering requirements and construction factors, so as to work out the best scheme.

3 Analysis of the problems and improvement directions in the structural design of high-rise buildings

3. The building structure of1is super high.

In order to compare and evaluate, some cities constantly update the building height, as if the higher the floor, the higher the city status. However, the continuous superelevation of buildings puts forward higher requirements for earthquake resistance and building quality. The relevant building codes clearly stipulate the height and seismic requirements of buildings. No matter how high the building is, it needs to meet the corresponding seismic grade requirements. In view of the problems of super-high-rise buildings in many places, the building codes will be limited, and the rules will continue to be refined to keep pace with the times, which makes the design methods and measures of high-rise building structures have been obviously improved. The project management department of each construction unit should pay attention to the problem of building superelevation, find out the potential risk problems in time when reviewing the design drawings and construction organization, and demonstrate them constantly so as not to affect the project cost and construction period.

3.2 setting of short-leg shear wall

With the deepening of structural design of high-rise buildings in China, the setting of short-leg shear walls has been paid more and more attention. At present, China's relevant building codes strictly define it and restrict its use. Short-leg shear wall mainly refers to the situation that the height and thickness of the wall limb section of the building are about 5-8. According to experience, people try to use some structural walls in the structural design of high-rise buildings, so they should try to avoid them in architectural design.

3.3 Setting of Embedded End

The embedded end of high-rise building is on the basement roof above the second floor, and it may also be designed on the civil air defense roof. When setting the embedded end, the structural design engineer did not judge and predict the problems brought by the embedded end in advance, such as the design of the floor and the stiffness requirements of the upper and lower floors. These problems may change in the later design, causing unnecessary losses and security risks.

3.4 structural regularity problem regularity problem

In the current Code for Structural Design of High-rise Buildings, there have been clear restrictions. If the new code stipulates the stiffness of the upper and lower floors of the embedded end of the structure, it is not suitable for modern buildings to adopt seriously irregular design schemes. Irregular design will cause deviation in the calculation of vertical load of buildings, which is difficult to estimate and may have potential safety hazards. However, in the current structural design of high-rise buildings, this problem still exists, which has a certain impact on the overall quality of the building. In order to avoid the drawings being changed in the subsequent construction process, structural designers should analyze the regularity problems in structural design in advance, abide by relevant codes and rules and improve the overall quality.

3.5 Fire fighting structure design

The characteristics of the high-rise building structure itself are very obvious, and the complexity of its functions determines that the design of the building structure is very complicated, and different building functional materials need to be selected. Most of the materials used in traditional buildings are combustible materials, which virtually increases the frequency of high-rise building fires and increases the difficulty of fire fighting. The airflow between tall buildings is very strong and windy. If there is a high-rise fire accident, the difficulty of rescue can be imagined. In the structural design of traditional high-rise buildings, the fire line is designed to be vertical, which will make it take more time for construction workers to evacuate from the fire and cause greater delay to personal and property safety. In the design of fire fighting structure, it is also necessary to design smoke exhaust structure, which is of great significance to the safety design of high-rise buildings. In the design, it is necessary to ensure that in case of fire, smoke can be effectively discharged to avoid the spread of unfavorable conditions.

3.6 Wind-resistant structure design

In the design of high-rise buildings, wind resistance research is very important. In the process of design and construction, it is very important to pay attention to wind resistance for effective design. With the increase of the height of high-rise buildings, the structure itself plays a role in disturbing and blocking the wind, which is not conducive to the timely movement of air volume. When the wind speed is high, it will vibrate the static high-rise building, thus causing a certain dynamic load force, threatening its stability, and may even lead to the destruction of the main structure, leading to the danger that the engineering quality will be affected, such as the damage of glass curtain wall, decoration and even wall.

4 Overview of structural design strategies for high-rise buildings

In the structural design of high-rise buildings, we should pay attention to design principles, reasonably select basic conditions and structural design schemes, and optimize the design of fire-fighting structure, earthquake-resistant structure and wind-resistant structure of high-rise buildings.

In terms of fire protection structure design, it is necessary to design appropriate fire protection spacing, accurately calculate building spacing, design reasonable fire protection structure according to terrain conditions, increase the design of evacuation passages, and adopt separation design to control the spread of smoke and fire; In the aspect of seismic structure design, it is necessary to plan the location of building structure reasonably, give full play to different structural bearing functions, carry out seismic design of foundation, simplify the building plane, divide the height difference, improve the stiffness and strength of buildings, and realize the stability of foundation. In addition, we should pay attention to the design of shear wall, control displacement, and carry out seismic design of simplified structure to ensure the integrity and symmetry of the structure. In the optimization of wind-resistant structure design, first of all, it is necessary to design the foundation, select high-grade sand and gravel, stabilize the foundation with uplift anchors in the structural sense, add energy dissipation and shock absorption system design to the high-rise building structure, solve the load superposition problem caused by horizontal force and wind load through the synthesis of various elements and the use of strong viscoelastic damping materials, strengthen the stressed high-pressure area, and accurately calculate the wind load and bearing capacity of the building.

5 conclusion

In the structural design of high-rise buildings, we should fully understand the problems such as superelevation, earthquake resistance, wind resistance, fire prevention, regularity and setting of embedded ends, analyze various influencing factors in advance in combination with geological conditions and foundation conditions, and constantly optimize the design to ensure the stability of high-rise buildings and improve their service life and quality. Structural design does not exist in isolation, but complements other designs. Optimize the problems found in the current experience to avoid affecting the quality. With the in-depth study of high-rise building structural design by experts and scholars in China, the structural design will be more perfect and promote the improvement of urban construction level in China.

refer to

[1] Jason, Cui Weiping. Discussion on the problems and solutions in the structural design of high-rise buildings [J]. Henan Science and Technology, 2013 (01):173.

[2] and beam. Problems in structural design of high-rise buildings and application of solutions [J]. Science and Technology Communication, 2013 (13):135-136.

[3] Sun Kai. Discussion on problems and countermeasures of structural design of high-rise buildings [J]. Value Engineering, 20 1 1( 25): 88 -89.

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