China's Thought on People's Livelihood [Abstract] People's livelihood issues have existed since ancient times. As early as the Warring States Period, people's livelihood thoughts were formed, which together with Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles and Marxism became the source of China's livelihood thoughts. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China's thought on people's livelihood has changed from "serving the people wholeheartedly" and "common prosperity" to "people-oriented" and tends to pay attention to the development of individual people's livelihood. [Keywords:] The people are precious, and the monarch is light; People's livelihood thought; People's Livelihood [China Library Classification. ]d 25 1[ document identification number ]A[ article number]1009-2234 (2016) 05-0030-02 people's livelihood, which simply refers to people's survival and development, is one of the most important issues in human society and the legitimacy of government administration. People's livelihood thought, or people's livelihood thought reflected around people's position in society, has existed since ancient times. First, China's traditional thought of "valuing the people over the monarch" is the most direct embodiment of traditional society's emphasis on people's livelihood. China's traditional society established the feudal centralization of authority for more than two thousand years. In this institutional environment, the thought of "people's livelihood" is often embodied in the thought of "people-oriented". It is developed from the early consciousness of "heaven-based" and "god-based", and is in unity of opposites with the idea of "monarch-based", that is, the idea of "valuing the people and neglecting the monarch". To attach importance to the role of the people in political life, we must care about public opinion and pay attention to the difficulties and pains of the people in life, so that the rule can last for a long time. The word "people's livelihood" first appeared in "Twelve Years of Gong Xuan" in Zuo Zhuan, which means that people's livelihood can only be obtained by their own hard work. Only in this way, life will not be lacking, society will be stable, and the country and people will be rich. As early as the Yao, Shun and Yu dynasties, the ancient sages of China paid attention to people's livelihood. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the idea of attaching importance to the people became increasingly prosperous, resulting in the idea of attaching importance to and protecting the people, and the idea of "people-oriented" was basically formed. Laozi, the founder of Taoism, pointed out: "saints are impermanent and take the hearts of the people as their hearts." The ideal ruler in Laozi's mind is to attach importance to public opinion and take public opinion as the ruling basis. In the Analects of Confucius Yao Yue, Confucius emphasized "benefiting from the people" and attached importance to public opinion from the perspective of attaching importance to, protecting and giving people's interests. The "people-oriented" thought before the Spring and Autumn Period was only a scattered view, which was in its infancy and lacked systematic introduction and demonstration. It was Mencius in the Warring States Period who really put forward the idea of "people-oriented" clearly and systematically. Mencius developed the idea of "benevolent government" on the basis of Confucius' theory of "good nature" and clearly and systematically put forward the view that "the people are more valuable than the monarch" Mencius pointed out that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the second", which highlighted the concept of "people-oriented". He believes that the people are the cornerstone of the country's society, political power and monarch. Without the support of the people, there would be no stable country, and there would be no high-ranking rulers. No matter from the perspective of caring for the people, or from the perspective of safeguarding the people's status and authority, rulers should attach importance to public opinion and take the people as the foundation. Second, the "people-oriented" thought with "people's livelihood" as the core. "The world, murphy king soil; The idea of "monarch standard" that "leading the land is not just a king and a minister" embodies the absolute authority of feudal rulers. In order to maintain their absolute authority, feudal rulers could not avoid people's basic living problems such as food, clothing, housing and transportation. At the same time, their dominant position and authority have been maintained, and gradually formed a "people-oriented" thought with "people's livelihood" as the core. Han Jiayi, Dong Zhongshu and others put forward the idea of "people-oriented" after summing up the history of Qin's death and Han's prosperity. Dong Zhongshu first put forward the idea of "restricting the people to use land to cultivate shortage", that is, solving the people's livelihood problem by restricting land merger, which is the inheritance and development of Confucian "people-oriented" thought. After the Tang Dynasty, people-oriented thought was further improved and matured. Zhenguan ruling group, headed by Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, summed up that "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it" from the extremely strong Sui Dynasty to the instant collapse. The sages of past dynasties, on the one hand, warned and warned feudal rulers with "those who win the hearts of the people win the world", on the other hand, called on the people to safeguard national stability and the interests of rulers with "the rise and fall of the world". "Third, respect the people. The biggest feature of China's traditional social and political culture is "respecting the monarch and valuing the people". Respecting the monarch and valuing the people seems contradictory and complementary, which constitutes the most distinctive content of China's traditional politics. People's livelihood issues are also inseparable from the rise and fall of the country and the stability of the political power. For a long time, respecting the monarch and valuing the people have been closely combined. From the history of China, we can see that if we attach importance to and improve people's livelihood, social contradictions will be alleviated, and peaceful and prosperous times will easily occur, such as "the rule of Wenjing" in the Han Dynasty, "the rule of Zhenguan" in the Tang Dynasty and "the prosperous time of Kanggan" in the Qing Dynasty. On the other hand, if people's livelihood issues are not effectively solved, people will be miserable, society will be in turmoil, and even political power will change. In a word, people's livelihood is a political issue related to people's life, the rise and fall of the country and the stability of the political power. Second, since modern times, Sun Yat-sen's "people's livelihood" has been combined with the democratic values of western society. Since modern times, the gap between China and the West has been obvious, which has opened the biggest road for Chinese people to seek "saving the country and the people" in history, and Sun Yat-sen is one of them. As a great bourgeois democratic revolutionist, Sun Yat-sen devoted himself to the bourgeois democratic revolution and devoted his life to it. He put forward the "Three People's Principles" of "national character, civil rights character and people's livelihood character", which became a great banner to save the fate of China. Sun Yat-sen's "Three People's Principles" theory is an outstanding product of the times, and "People's Livelihood" is an important guiding ideology for Sun Yat-sen to lead the revolution. Sun Yat-sen's "people's livelihood" not only comes from the "people-oriented" thought in China's traditional political culture, but also draws on and absorbs the western social progress thought, including Marxist theory. Regarding "people's livelihood", Sun Yat-sen believes that people's livelihood is people's life, including not only people's basic necessities of life, but also social survival, distribution and welfare. It is "the driving force of all social activities" and the focus of social civilization. The state bears the main responsibility for people's livelihood, and must formulate strong and favorable policies and systems to protect people's livelihood. After the Revolution of 1911, Article 11 of the Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic, presided over by Sun Yat-sen, stipulated: "The annual income of land, the increase of land price, the production of public land, the interest of mountains and rivers, and the power income of mineral water are all owned by local governments, which are used to run the cause of local people well and meet the needs of raising children, supporting the elderly, helping the poor, disaster relief, medical care and husbands. "It can be seen that Sun Yat-sen put people's livelihood at the height of national strategy and fixed it with programmatic documents. He is eager to turn China into a rich and powerful country by developing industry, so as to improve the poverty and backwardness of the country and fundamentally solve the people's livelihood problems in China. Source: theoretical observation