Style of study is a long-term learning purpose, attitude and method of learners, which has certain stability and continuity of spiritual tendency, psychological characteristics and its external manifestations. Broadly speaking, students' learning atmosphere, teachers' learning atmosphere and schools' learning atmosphere all belong to the category of study style; The narrow sense of study style mainly refers to the comprehensive expression of students' learning purpose, learning attitude and learning behavior.
As far as its existence is concerned, the style of study is invisible and tangible; As far as its function is concerned, the style of study not only affects the current teaching effect, but also affects the realization of talent training objectives, which plays a long-term and important role in Xue Heng's success. The study style of a school is an important symbol of its talent training goal and quality. Style of study is the concrete embodiment of learners' world outlook and outlook on life. What kind of personal motivation and purpose a learner holds to study depends on what kind of life goal he pursues, what kind of spiritual belief he believes in and what kind of value orientation he has towards the world. What kind of social prospect do you expect? There is no doubt that the spiritual tendency shown by the style of study is closely related to the core and leading part of the talent training goal.
Style of study is the concrete embodiment of learners' learning attitude. Do learners have a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude in learning? In daily study, can we learn deeply, persevere and get to the bottom of it? Or quick success, quick success? In the face of predecessors' theories and achievements, can we boldly question and seek a breakthrough with the courage of pioneering and innovating? Or stick to the old saying and follow suit? In the face of your achievements, can you remain childlike, unpretentious, modest and honest? Or complacent, stop? In learning, can we learn from others and learn from each other with a broad mind? Or conceited, scholars despise each other? All this not only reflects learners' personality disadvantages and ambitions, but also relates to whether they can eventually grow into scientific and technological elites of the country and the nation.
Style of study is the concrete embodiment of learners' academic methods. Do learners have scientific and reasonable learning methods? Is it applied flexibly on the basis of profound understanding? Still looking for chapters and sentences, quoting classics, and having a little knowledge? Is it for the purpose of innovation, focusing on the combination of criticism and inheritance, theory and practice, or sticking to the accuracy of details and keen on the novelty and siltation of terms? Is it limited to the grasp of abstract theoretical system, or is it not only focused on the construction of theoretical logic system, but also devoted to solving major practical problems? This not only reflects the level of learners' scientific literacy and academic attainments, but also relates to their creative ability and later strength in innovative activities.
The construction of study style is a long-term project. The style of study is formed when learners' world outlook, methodology and related psychological qualities have developed to a certain mature stage or have shown a stable trend. Although there will be sudden changes and leaps in its development process, it is more gradual and cumulative, and it is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. Excellent style of study needs long-term careful cultivation, and it is not allowed to relax for a moment; Once an excellent style of study is formed, learners will get fundamental, directional and long-term spiritual guidance and practical methods of learning, doing things and being a man, which will benefit them for life.
The style of study is one of the important contents of the school's core competitiveness. The style of study is the spiritual tendency, psychological quality and behavioral characteristics with distinctive traditional characteristics and remarkable * * * characteristics formed by teachers and students in their long-term academic purposes, attitudes and methods. It is manifested in a strong sense of the positive influence of individual psychological formation and a strong atmosphere of mutual encouragement and promotion; You can use the infiltration and infection of spiritual power to give students a subtle influence, a silent edification; By virtue of the restraint and normative function of group behavior on individuals, we can get the effect of "not helping the upright" The positive influence of this small environment can amplify the functions of various educational activities in schools, so the style of study is an important means of talent training.
The style of study in a university is the embodiment of the highest ideals and beliefs of the university, and it is also the source of motivation to unite the teachers, students and staff of the whole school. As universities move from the edge of society to the center of society, universities not only become centers of teaching and scientific research, but also increasingly become centers of spreading and creating advanced culture. Therefore, the style of study in universities is not only an integral part of social atmosphere, but also an important factor affecting social culture. Building a good style of study can not only talk about campus air, but also be the core force to promote the development of advanced social culture and have a positive impact on the improvement of social atmosphere.
To sum up, strengthening the construction of study style is the fundamental task for the survival and development of colleges and universities, which should be highly valued for a long time.
Second, the new characteristics and reasons of the current college students' study style
Contemporary college students are active in thinking, broad in vision and ambitious. They are very sensitive to the channels and media for obtaining new information, and they know and master new knowledge and technology very quickly. However, while the characteristics of this professional group are highlighted, the phenomenon of more students' academic failure has worried people inside and outside the industry. In addition to the problems that have been complained about, such as lack of learning objectives, lack of learning motivation, lax learning discipline and transfer of learning experience, the current style of study of college students presents many new features: (1) involves a wide range. Different from students with poor study habits and academic performance in the past, students nowadays are more relaxed in their studies, and some students with good grades will also disobey classroom discipline, be late for class or even skip class and copy homework, usually do not work hard, cheat unexpectedly before exams or even cheat in exams; (2) Academic failure is common. The failure rate has improved, and some students with high entrance scores will repeat or even drop out of school; (3) Interference with hotspot transfer. In the past, academic failures mostly happened to students who were keen on puppy love and making money outside school. Most of the reasons for dropping out of school now are keen on games and indulging in internet cafes. (4) Interference moves forward. In the past, the overall study discipline of the fourth grade was affected by employment. Now many junior students are worried about the employment prospects, which affects their learning enthusiasm, and some even have no intention to study. (5) Two-way dissatisfaction between teachers and students. In the past, most teachers were dissatisfied with their students' learning attitude. Now, on the one hand, teachers often complain that students don't study hard, and at the same time, students are complaining that teachers don't work hard. (6) The contradiction of mentality has intensified. Feeling competitive pressure and unwilling to study hard; I hope that the school will be less in charge and have poor self-control ability; Advocating autonomous learning, self-learning ability is weak. These are all new topics facing the construction of study style.
There are many reasons for the above problems, including social influence and school reasons; There are both conventional factors and adverse effects in the process of social transformation and educational reform. Go down from here.
Think from three aspects:
1. The decline of academic level is a common phenomenon in the process of popularization of higher education. In the process of popularizing education in the United States, the test scores of material resources and English are getting worse year by year; From 1975 to 1980, the number of mathematics make-up classes in public colleges and universities increased by 72; 1984 10 the report of the research group on high-quality higher education in the United States pointed out: "In fact, only half of the students who enter colleges and universities to study for bachelor's degrees get their wishes." According to the survey of UNESCO, with the popularization of higher education, it is more and more common for students to repeat grades, drop out of school, transfer to subjects with no real future and leave school without recognized qualifications or skills. China's higher education is rapidly entering the stage of popularization, resources are tight, students' study and life are difficult and the ideological problems caused by it are more prominent; Due to structural imbalance, some majors that are obviously not adapted to the new social form have not been reformed, but they are still enrolling students year after year, which makes many students face the danger of adventure island; Due to the increase in student differences. It not only increases the difficulty of teaching, reduces the efficiency, and lowers the overall performance level, but also has a negative impact on the whole style of study because of the bad habits and atmosphere of low-scoring candidates. Due to the lag of reform, narrow professional caliber, outdated teaching content and weak institutional incentives, it can not meet the needs of students' autonomous learning. All these have a dominant or potential impact on the style of study.
2. The study style of college students makes people reflect on the relationship between teachers and students in teaching and management. From the standpoint of lifelong education and the development of human knowledge, the responsibility of teachers will be less and less to pass on knowledge, but more and more to stimulate thinking; More and more, it will become a consultant, a participant in exchanging opinions, and a person who helps to find contradictory views instead of putting forward ready-made truths. It must concentrate more time and energy on those effective and creative activities, influence, discuss and inspire each other, and pay attention to cultivating students' judgment and sense of responsibility. However, at present, in colleges and universities, counselors and class teachers are often busy with teaching and administrative affairs, spending less time on students' ideological work, seemingly busy with activities and actively caring about students' learning and thinking. Business teachers are under great pressure in scientific research, teaching and further studies, and they have no time to communicate and guide with students after class, or even take care of carefully reviewing students' small papers and big homework, so plagiarism can get away with it; Many teachers still follow the "spoon-feeding" and "spoon-feeding" teaching methods, which can not stimulate students' interest in learning and enthusiasm for knowledge, and some even dampen students' enthusiasm for learning; Many schools are out of touch with teaching and scientific research, so it is difficult for high-level teachers to step on the front line of teaching and student management, students can not get strong academic guidance and ambition motivation, and their internal learning motivation can not be sublimated; Even a few teachers have a weak sense of responsibility and do not perform their duties. They don't care about students' attendance, don't seriously correct students' homework, and are lax in the discipline management of examination rooms, which encourages the spread of bad style of study.
3. The study style of college students reflects some disadvantages of bad social atmosphere and exam-oriented basic education. In the process of the transition from planned economy to market economy, money worship, hedonism, utilitarianism, individualism, lack of honesty, emotional impetuousness and other unhealthy trends are very popular in society, which also left a deep imprint on college students' moral concepts and value orientation. Examination-oriented basic education makes students behave as follows: (1) The level of learning motivation is low. They have made it their goal to be admitted to the university since childhood. Once their goals are achieved, they are lost in an ideal vacuum. Because every step of their growth is made by teachers or parents, they lack the ability of self-design and self-planning, and their college study has lost new impetus. (2) The learning style is not suitable. Nowadays, many college students are "generous" in life and study. After entering the university, not only has there been an adaptation process in life, but also in teaching, teachers are used to "chewing and feeding". Until now, "the master leads the door and practices in the individual", many students are not adapted, and some even struggle. (3) Weak self-control. In primary and secondary education, "heteronomy" is more important than "self-discipline", and students' self-control ability has not been well developed. Under the relaxed education mode of universities, many students know that they can't do it without studying hard, but they can't control themselves. As a result, they play too much and neglect their studies. (4) Poor psychological quality. In the process of growing up, most contemporary college students are in sail before the wind. They seldom encounter failure, or form bad psychological habits when experiencing setbacks, such as avoidance, evasion, giving up, etc. Some even have some psychological deformities, such as closure, depression, sleep disorders and so on. Under the great pressure of further study. Therefore, once they are frustrated in their studies, sometimes even a small setback, they will be devastated and give up on themselves. These problems are the lagging reaction of basic education for examination.
Third, the idea of strengthening the construction of college students' study style.
1. Establish correct ideas and act according to the basic laws of personnel training and style of study construction. We should properly handle the dialectical relationship between self-worth goals and public ideals and beliefs, give full play to individual strengths and strict standards, increase independent space and abide by discipline system, advocate goal requirements and strengthen management process, emphasize innovative practice and learning theoretical basis, attach importance to extracurricular activities and improve classroom efficiency. At present, in the process of changing teaching concepts, we should prevent the tendency of opposing or emphasizing one aspect while ignoring the other. The construction of study style is not only the daily work of the student management department and the teaching department, but also the important work that the leaders at all levels of the school must pay close attention to; The construction of study style is not only aimed at students, but also integrated with the construction of teaching style, study style and even school spirit. The construction of study style should not only pay attention to the examination style and study style, but also involve more extensive contents such as teaching construction and campus culture construction. Only when the whole school attaches importance to the management of * * * and insists on treating both the symptoms and the root causes can we truly achieve the actual effect of the construction of the style of study.
2. Improve the organization, strengthen the team, pay close attention to implementation, and improve the work system of style of study construction. The school has set up a leading group for the construction of school style of study, which is composed of leaders of the Party Committee's Student Affairs Office, Student Affairs Office, Academic Affairs Office, Graduate School, Youth League Committee and other departments. Each department has set up a leading group for the construction of school style of study with the deputy secretary of the General Party Branch and the teaching director as the head. As for the working mode of counselors and tutors, tutors give priority to the guidance of study and the edification of academic thoughts, taking into account political and ideological work, and counselors give priority to ideological and political work, taking into account the administrative management of amateur learning guidance. Only by cooperating with each other can we complement each other. In the work mode of counselors and class teachers, teachers with high teaching level, rich life experience and profound academic attainments are needed to serve as junior class teachers or tutors, focusing on helping college students smoothly realize the transition from middle school to university. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of excellent study style classes and excellent examination style departments, and pay attention to students' learning foundation, study habits and academic dynamics; It is necessary to strengthen ideological and political work, carry out education on ideals and beliefs, and do a good job in ideological work and psychological counseling for individual students. We should attach great importance to organizational autonomy management and give full play to the role of student apartments and student associations in the construction of study style. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of teachers' morality, improve students' evaluation of teaching, strictly monitor quality, implement on-the-job training, establish a good teaching style and improve teachers' teaching and educating level.
3. Strengthen basic management and improve the observation system of study style. The cultivation of style of study cannot be separated from cultivation management. In daily management, we should firmly grasp the four "rates" and four numbers and do a good job in monitoring the style of study. The four "rates" are: (1) students' attendance in class, which is the most direct response to understanding students' learning dynamics; (2) The rate of self-study at night is an important basis to reflect students' learning workload and learning consciousness; (3) Students' homework rate, which is an important link to know whether teachers assign homework, whether students finish homework independently and how students complete their learning progress; (4) The failure rate is the most important indicator reflecting the proportion of students' learning failure, which is often closely related to the style of study. Four people: (1) The number of people who fail, repeat or drop out of school is often a group with poor academic style; (2) The number of homework plagiarists and exam cheaters is an important indicator to test students' learning motivation, academic character and even moral level; (3) The number of people whose academic performance has obviously improved or decreased is a signal to observe the change of learning atmosphere, whether from a group or an individual; (4) The number of teachers who actively question is a reflection of students' learning interest, learning initiative and the degree to which their thinking is activated. On the basis of daily management, we can combine regular inspections with irregular spot checks, and we can also obtain state data through teachers' evaluation of learning and students' evaluation of teaching, so as to get more favorable monitoring and make the construction of study style more targeted.
4. Improve rules and regulations and strengthen management. When schools strictly implement the teaching management system, they often encounter external interference. Especially with the enhancement of people's awareness of education investment, higher returns are required for higher education, and the requirements of social employers for graduates' academic qualifications are also constantly improving. In this context, the contradiction between strict management and students' individual interests sometimes becomes extremely prominent. There is a relationship between the individual interests of students and the overall interests of the school, the immediate interests of the school and the long-term interests. If the authority of the management department is damaged for the benefit of individual students or a few students, and then it becomes the institutional reason for the reverse transformation of the style of study, it will damage the quality and credibility of the whole school. As a teaching management department, we must act in accordance with the law, strictly teach and manage, and promote healthy trends. At the same time, we should keep pace with the times, constantly improve teaching norms and teaching accident identification methods, improve classroom teaching, homework exercises, practice exams and other learning disciplines, improve school roll management and reward and punishment rules and regulations, and clarify the legal relationship between schools, teachers and students to make it more scientific, standardized and effective.
5. Deepen the teaching reform, create an atmosphere, activate the mechanism, expand the stage, and promote students' autonomous learning. It is necessary to further tap curriculum resources, let more professors and high-level teachers expel undergraduates, increase mutual recognition of credits, speed up the pace of resource sharing inside and outside the school, and create conditions for a wider range and greater freedom of course selection; It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of outstanding students and carry out a series of system reforms around encouraging students to study hard, independently and creatively. Explore and improve the dual-degree and dual-major system, improve the flexible academic system, explore a more flexible "export" mechanism, and encourage students to graduate ahead of time, get employment ahead of time, study for a master's degree ahead of time, and work as mobile teaching assistants, research assistants, and management assistants ahead of time; Try out the honorary degree system and issue honorary degree certificates of different grades according to the average grade point of students; It is necessary to implement a more relaxed course selection system, expand the number and frequency of students' re-selection of majors, and expand the setting and selection of minor majors; It is necessary to incorporate the hierarchical goal of qualified talents, outstanding talents and innovative talents into the credit system teaching plan, further reduce the class hours, effectively increase extracurricular independent and research-based learning, and increase self-study credits, reading credits, academic year work (thesis) credits, comprehensive design credits, network design credits, scientific research training credits, competition credits, extracurricular scientific and technological activities credits, etc. , thus greatly expanding the space for students to learn independently and become talents; With the help of scientific and cultural resources inside and outside the school, we should invite scientists, artists, educators and other masters in various fields to give lectures at the school, encourage teachers to teach students to study independently and carry out innovative activities, form a campus cultural atmosphere full of vigor and innovation, improve the guidance and motivation level of the whole campus, and improve the excitement level of students. Fundamentally speaking, the style of study is a comprehensive reflection of the level of running schools, teachers, teaching and management. Only by speeding up the reform of professional structure, curriculum system, teaching content and methods, accelerating the evolution of teachers' roles to adapt to the information society, accelerating the improvement of the credit system, establishing a more encouraging learning system, and accelerating the process of students' independent and innovative learning can the style of study be fundamentally improved.
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