Online publication usually refers to the publication of papers on online media, and formal publication usually refers to the publication of articles in paper journals. According to the concept, both online publishing and formal publishing are regarded as article publishing, but in practice, the recognition of online publishing is far less than formal publishing. For many journal papers, it is generally necessary to publish them on the Internet first and then formally.

Domestic academic papers published through HowNet can be regarded as official publications. Authors can download or print from HowNet and submit them as official publications to personnel, scientific research management and other relevant departments. HowNet not only downloads and prints its own academic papers from HowNet, but also provides a publication certificate for every paper published online. The publishing effect is the same as that of paper magazines, but it is not absolute. The author should refer to the specific requirements in the next unit. If the company approves online publishing, then