Keywords: acceptability, implementation, parking tax, reducing traffic

Abstraction. This paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of implementing parking charges to reduce car use and traffic through parking taxes. According to the influence on the effectiveness of car use, the operation of tax and the legality and acceptability of options, the tax of parking and providers is evaluated. Its purpose is to help local governments evaluate the method of parking tax. Abbreviation: TDM-Transportation Demand Management

Key words: acceptability, enforcement, parking tax, reducing traffic congestion.

This paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of implementing parking pricing and taxation to reduce vehicle utilization and alleviate traffic congestion. The assessment of taxation for parking space providers and users includes the effectiveness of reducing vehicle utilization rate, the way of taxation, and the legitimacy and acceptability of this choice. The purpose of this study is to assist local governments in evaluating parking tax collection measures.

Abbreviation: TDM- Transportation Demand Management

Brief introduction

More and more researches on workplace traffic mitigation plan show that parking charges can effectively reduce employees' driving alone and related vehicles going to and from the workplace. For example, a recent study on parking and traffic usage in hospitals in San Francisco found that parking price is the most important determinant of employee mode usage, "accounting for 80% of the differences among six institutional modes" (Dowling, Feltham, Wycko 199 1). Commuter computer company in Los Angeles reduced the proportion of employees driving alone from 42% to 8% by canceling free parking (Surber, Shoup, Wachs 1984).

More and more research data on workplace traffic mitigation plan believe that parking pricing is an effective measure to reduce the number of trips related to employees' personal driving and commuting. For example, a recent survey of parking and light rail usage in several hospitals in San Francisco found that parking price is the most important determinant affecting employees' usage patterns, "accounting for 80% of different usage patterns in six hospitals" (Dowling, Feltham, Wycko 199 1 literature). In the commuter computer company in Los Angeles, after the free parking system was abolished, the proportion of employees driving to work alone dropped from 42% to 8% (Surber, Shoup, Wachs 1984).

A recent national review of the employer-based TDM[ Traffic Demand Management] project in the United States shows that when employers set parking prices for employees, the reduction of employees driving alone ranges from 12 to 40% (Higgins1990; Kenyon1984; Kuziak, Schleffler 1990). "Cash in" the employer's subsidy for employees' parking is another way to influence the use of commuter vehicles through parking pricing. Replace free or reduced employee parking spaces provided by employers with cash equivalents. In this way, employees can choose to accept cash and use public transportation, or ride bicycles or walk to work. A study of commuters in Los Angeles estimated that cash rewards may reduce solo driving by as much as 24% (Willson, Shoup 1990).

A recent review of the employer-based TDM plan in the United States shows that the single driver rate has dropped 12% to 40% (Higgins1990; Kenyon1984; Kuziak, Schleffler 1990). Replacing employers' priority parking with cash is another good way to encourage employees to use public transportation. Employers use cash instead of giving employees free parking or preferential treatment; Therefore, employees can choose to accept cash and use the light rail, or ride a bike or walk to work. According to the study of passengers in Los Angeles, it is estimated that this cash payment method may reduce the single-person driving rate by as much as 24% (Willson, Shoup 1990).

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