Han Yu Han Yu, whose name is Tui, is Han Changli, a native of Heyang (now mengzhou city, Henan Province), whose ancestral home is Changli, Hebei Province. An outstanding writer and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, the leader of the ancient prose movement, and the leader of the "Eight Masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties" occupy a lofty position in the history of China's prose development. Su Dongpo praised him as "the decline of eight generations of literature." Scientific name and official career have suffered many setbacks, and their thoughts tend to be retro. Politically, he opposed the separatist regime of the buffer region and safeguarded the reunification of the Tang Dynasty. Advocating Taoism and criticizing Buddhism and Taoism. He led the "ancient prose movement" against parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, and opposed the flashy formalism style. His prose writing theories, such as the unity of literature and Taoism, the combination of enthusiasm and propriety, the importance of expressing one's will and the order of words, have important guiding significance for future generations. His articles are magnificent, luxurious and unrestrained, full of twists and turns, novel and concise, logical and rigorous, blending ancient and modern. Whether it is discussion, narration or lyricism, it has formed a unique style and reached a height that no one has ever reached before. All his works are included in Mr. Changli's collection of works.

[Edit this paragraph] Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19)

Liu Zongyuan Liu Zongyuan, with a thick word, was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), known as Liu Hedong and Chang 'an. In the early years of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, and he was the official governor. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji.

Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life. Most of his poems are about expressing depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, which makes him unique. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and others were called "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" by later generations.

Su Xun (1009— 1066)

Personal profile

Name: Su Xun, Zi Mingyun, Lao Quan.

Date of birth and death: 1009— 1066.

Dynasty: Song Dynasty

Literary period: Song Dynasty literature.

Genre: Su San, Tang and Song Eight Masters

Masterpiece: On the Balance between Rights and Books

Brief introduction to life

Prose writer in northern song dynasty. The Han nationality, together with its sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are called "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Han Qi recommended him as secretary of Wen 'an County, bookkeeper of provincial schools and master book. He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. And Jia.

It is said that I didn't study until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. Three years after Jiayou, Renzong called him to the Scheeren's office to take the exam, but he said that he was ill and refused to reply. For five years, Jia You served as the secretary of the provincial school book lang. Later, he wrote "Tai Chang Li" with Yao He, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.

Su Shi (1037-1101)

Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, Zi Hezhong, Dongpo Jushi, Meishan, Sichuan. A great writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, with many creative talents, made unique and outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, literature, painting and books. The world is called Su Dongpo.

Su Shi (1037 ~111), a native of Song Dynasty, was called "Dongpo lay man" and posthumous title Wenzhong, at the age of 64. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Sansu" is three of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to his father Su Xun, the "Su Laoquan" who mentioned "Twenty-seven, just to get angry" at St Amethyst. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.

Su Zhe (1039 ~112) was an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi, they are called "Three Sus", ranking among the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". The son is from Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Emperor Injong's reign (1057), he joined Su Shi as a scholar. Soon after, he returned to mourning because of the loss of his mother. For six years, Jiayou gave a series of lectures with Su Shi. At that time, he was not appointed as an official because of "begging for support" and has been an official in Daming House since then. In the third year of Xining (1070), he wrote a letter to Zongshen, urging the new law to remain unchanged, and wrote a letter to Wang Anshi, criticizing the new law fiercely. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he entered Henan as an official. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), his brother Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". He wrote that he wanted to use his official position to atone for his brother, but he could not be implicated. He was demoted and sentenced to Yunzhou salt and wine tax. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, the old party was in power, and was recalled as a secretary, a provincial school book lang and a right secretary, promoted to a living lang, and transferred to the position of a Chinese book clerk and assistant minister of the household department. In the fourth year (1089), Zhezong Yuanyou authorized the official department minister to be sent to Qidan. He is also the heir to the empire. For six years, he worshipped Shang Shu You Cheng, entered the door as an assistant minister, and took charge of state affairs. In the eighth year of Yuan You, philosophers took charge of politics, and the new school came back to power. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), he wrote against current politics and was demoted as an official. He knew Ruzhou and Yuanzhou, was responsible for granting special permission to Huazhou and resettling Leizhou, and was later demoted to Zhou Xun and other places. After worshiping Ning for three years (1 104), Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in the countryside, built a room called "Yi Lao Zhai", and named it "Welcome guests and care for the elderly". He took reading and writing as his occupation and sat in meditation. After his death, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Ming Taizu Temple and decided to bury him.

Su Zhe's life knowledge was deeply influenced by his father and brother, mainly Confucianism, and he admired Mencius most and visited hundreds of schools. He is good at political theory and historical theory. In political theory, he talks about world events. For example, the new theory (1) says that "in today's world, great events are uneasy, chaotic but not dangerous, while Yoshioka is crude and does not lift them, and there is no mutation but chronic illness". Analyzing the political situation at that time can hit the nail on the head. Huang Jing said, "In this world, don't be in a hurry to have no money", and it also hit the nail on the head. Historical theory, like Father and Brother, is aimed at the disadvantages of the times and serves the present. "The Six Kingdoms" comments that Qi, Chu, Yan and Zhao can't support Korea and Wei in the past and unite against Qin, which implies that there were enemies before the Northern Song Dynasty, and then there were decadent realities. Comparing Liu Bei and Liu Bang, The History of the Three Kingdoms commented that Liu Bei was "short in wisdom but not brave" and "I don't know because he failed to win", which also implied a lesson from the past.

Su Zhe also has his own views on ancient prose. In the book "Senior Official Han Taiwei", he said: "Writers are in the shape of Qi. However, writing can't be learned, and qi can be raised. " It is believed that "nourishing qi" lies in inner cultivation, but more importantly, it depends on broad life experience. Therefore, Sima Qian was praised as "traveling around the world, visiting famous mountains and rivers, and making friends with Yanzhao, so his prose was sparse and quite strange." His writing style is Wang Yang's and full of elegance. For example, the story of Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion is a collection of scenery, narration, lyricism and discussion in one furnace, which is permeated with injustice in the vast ocean and clearly reflects the style of the author's prose.

Su Zhe's fu is also well written. For example, "Zhu Mo Fu" praised the painter Wen Tong's "Mo Zhu", and wrote the modality of bamboo carefully and realistically, full of poetry.

Su Zhe tried to catch up with Su Shi in poetry, and there are many existing poems, but compared with Su Shi, his thoughts and talents are inferior. Most of his early poems were trivial matters of life, singing about things and writing scenery, especially with Su Shi. The style is unpretentious and the literary talent is not good. After retiring to Yingchuan in his later years, he learned more about farmers' life and wrote poems such as Autumn Harvest, which deeply reflected real life. Writing personal life feelings, artistic achievements are also more than in the early days, such as "Nan Zhai Zhu": "Living in a dusty room, my wife is at home. Go to the south window to repair bamboo, as if you saw the old western hills. " The artistic conception is leisurely and the taste is long. Su Zhe has his own ideas about poetry. His Five Diseases in Poetry criticized Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Han Yu and Meng Jiao on the basis of ideological content. For example, Li Bai's "flashy" and "people in the Tang Dynasty didn't understand poetry" were representative in the Song Dynasty.

Su Zhe is the author of Lu 'an Ji Cheng, including Postscript, San Ji and other 84 volumes * * *, as well as a movable type book with four series. In addition, Lu 'an Cheng Ying Evonne (12) has four copies of the series.

Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086)

Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has twice served as a reformer and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".

Ceng Gong (10 19- 1083)

Ceng Gong (10 19— 1083) was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Northern Song Dynasty writer, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Song Jiayou became a scholar in the second year (1057). When I was a child, Ceng Gong and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together and studied hard, but Bai You showed a good talent. His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), at the age of 39, he was admitted as a scholar and was appointed as the Taiping Judicial Army, from which he embarked on his career. The following year, Feng recalled to Beijing, edited and collated books in the history museum, moved the museum to collate, and recruited collating talents. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as the governor of Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming and Bo, and was quite famous. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Zongshen summoned him, he proposed that economy was the key to financial management, which was quite appreciated by Zongshen, and he left three classes to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen was good at historiography, so he appointed the History Museum to compile the Outline of the Five Dynasties, but failed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Jiangning House the following year. When operating Buddhism, we pursue "Wen Ding". Ceng Gong's performance on the political stage is not outstanding, but his greater contribution lies in his academic thought and literary career.