-Teaching Notes of Ditan and Me
The first time I saw Shi Tiesheng in college, I started from my distant Qingping Bay. After reading it, it was hard for me to calm down my excitement for a long time. The life of educated youth made Shi Tiesheng lose the most precious health and dim the most brilliant youth, but there was no trace of gloom in the text. For this barren land in northern Shaanxi, he loves it so deeply and so simply, just like the distant Qingping Bay. It is a novel, but I read thrilling prose from it. The silent attention to land and life in the article strongly and permanently shocked a young soul.
Today, I flipped through Shi Tiesheng's Me and Ditan, and I was thinking: As a teacher, what should I teach such a young student at that time? Just ask students to summarize and refine the main information of the article and summarize the author's feelings. Do you know the fact that Shi Tiesheng suddenly broke his leg at the peak of his life, and later defeated himself with the encouragement of his mother's love and became an excellent writer? Obviously not all. Although these materials can make a psychological preparation for a few students who love literature to read Shi Tiesheng in the future, for most students, they just accumulate an extra writing material. When writing argumentative papers, they can give another example of "Zhang Haidi". This positioning is in the reading of this article, and the meaning of reading always feels little.
I read the article "Understanding the Life Philosophy of Ditan and I" by Yang Zhihui, a teacher in Changde No.1 Middle School. I was deeply impressed by its accurate analysis and profound philosophy. Teacher Yang interprets the life connotation of Shi Tiesheng's "I and Ditan" from a philosophical perspective, closely linking ancient and modern times. But I think it is interpreted from the teacher's reading experience, and students can only look at the ocean and sigh. Can you try to interpret this article from students' life experience and reading experience, with students as the reading subject? After brewing, I tried it in two classes and the effect was good. I think it is helpful to construct students' life consciousness to grasp the theme of life and interpret Me and Ditan from the perspective of students' reading subject. This text inspires students to think about life from at least the following three aspects:
First, cherish life and never abandon this life.
At the peak of his life, the author suddenly "crippled his legs", and a young man who was originally alive and kicking suddenly lost his walking ability. What a blow! Beautiful youth has just begun soon, as if it has come to an end. How pathetic! Life or death? "I spent several hours thinking about death, and I also thought about why I was born with the same patience"-this is the question that this young man in a wheelchair who feels abandoned by fate has been thinking for many years in an abandoned garden called Ditan. 15 years later, he finally released this soul document to the world, which is me and Ditan. This is the most shocking prose I have ever read.
In fact, like all thoughtful young people, many of our students, especially young students, have thought about life topics and life and death issues; Like everyone else, when life is not presented to us in the most cruel and tragic way, we often ignore the cruelty of life and naturally ignore the preciousness of life. Ditan and Me creates a specific real scene, which puts the protagonist in a dilemma of life and death-what is the reason for living? Drag out an ignoble existence or simply die? For a young man with a rich heart, this choice is so real and heavy that it will bring serious mental torture to the reading subject (reader).
No matter who a person is, when he first faces the sad fact that his personal life is incomplete, he will inevitably feel disillusioned. What's more, our host is in the season when life is like spring flowers. Fortunately, the author (I prefer to describe him as a disabled person) walked out of the haze of life and made extraordinary achievements. Therefore, we can't help but be surprised, surprised and amazed! We can't help but inspire ourselves: I have dexterous hands, I have vigorous legs ... I have a healthy body, why can't I live well! "Man is born, which is no longer a controversial issue, but a fact given to him by God; When God gave us this fact, he has guaranteed its result by the way, so death is a thing that does not need to be rushed. Death is a festival that is bound to come. " Therefore, every time I read such a statement full of philosophy of life, I can't help reciting it out loud.
We might as well cherish life and cherish it!
Second, the value of life-the beauty of the creative process
Shi Tiesheng blazed a bright road in the literary world with paper and pen, and made remarkable achievements, which is his blessing. But what's the point of this article if Shi Tiesheng can't become a writer? Some students said that if Shi Tiesheng had no ability to become a writer, there would be no such article. What's the point? Students seem to have become accustomed to the value judgment of "judging heroes by success or failure".
Since Chinese education is full of humanistic care, we must guide young people to correctly think about the meaning of existence and the value of life. It can be said that life value education is the eternal theme of education in China. But for a long time, what our school and even the whole society advocate is basically a kind of "talent education" and "elite education". The reason why many of our students feel gloomy and disillusioned with life is related to this "elite education" in society. The reality is that only a few people can become elites, and most people can and must become ordinary people. This kind of "elite education" makes students begin to doubt themselves under great pressure. Few people tell them that everyone's life has its own value, whether it is an ordinary person or a great man. The value of life lies in the beauty and excitement of the creative process!
There is no doubt that at the crossroads of life, Shi Tiesheng chose to live tenaciously in a wheelchair because he found a reason to live. This may seem like nonsense, but it's not. Because from another perspective, it can be said that he realized the value of living and found the value coordinates of his life. All this is largely due to the "barren but not declining" altar, more precisely, the humble life in the garden gave the author inspiration about the value of life. Please see:
"Bees are like a small fog, firmly stopping in mid-air"-life is always in the process of struggle. Even in the busy interval, there is no leisure to miss the flowers and stop at the fragrant nest;
"The ant shakes his head and caresses his arm, suddenly realizes something, turns around and sprints away"-the process of life is the process of alternating action and thinking;
"Ladybug crawls impatiently, spreads its wings and flies away after being tired of praying"-whether it is crawling or flying, it is the real process of life;
"There is cicada slough on the trunk, and loneliness is like an empty room"-the process of life will be endless after metamorphosis and rebirth;
"Dewdrops rolled, gathered and bent on the grass, which crashed to the ground and broke thousands of golden lights." -ordinary life course can also breed brilliance.
"For example, the footprints of children in the snow in winter always make people want to know who they are, what they did there, and where they went." Life also has winter. What matters is whether you have left a solid footprint on the road of life.
"If the autumn wind suddenly rises, there is the first frost, falling leaves or swaying songs and dances or lying down calmly, the garden is full of ironing, and the pain is sweet." Life is as bright as summer flowers and death as beautiful as autumn leaves. This is an elegant life process.
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The life of plants and insects in Ditan is ordinary, humble and barren, but they all live and are active in their own way, showing people a colorful life world and silently telling the beauty of life. The author found the true state of life here and realized that the meaning of life lies in the beauty and splendor of the creative process. After the excitement of winning the novel faded, the author realized more deeply that the road I knocked on the newspaper with a pen and paper (fame and marriage) was not the one my mother wanted me to find.
Interpreting the scenery is actually interpreting life. It is the author who makes us think: What is the essence of life? What makes life indomitable in such a happy form? This kind of thinking also makes us understand that a person's life can be great or ordinary; Flying is a state of life, so is crawling. Whether flying or crawling, one thing is the same, that is, in adversity, we should not be passive and decadent, but should strive to find the joy of our own lives and add vitality and bright colors to the world.
Third, look at the suffering in life dialectically.
Is it a good thing or a bad thing that Shi Tiesheng's legs are disabled? To tell the truth, I never thought about this question before teaching this text, and I didn't expect students to ask such a question, because I don't think it needs to be discussed. Who wants their life to be full of suffering? In class, many students quoted classics to prove that suffering can make a great man, and came to the conclusion that Shi Tiesheng could not be a great writer without suffering, which can be described as "hard work and success", and life should be more suffering.
Listening to the students' "rhetoric", I don't know whether to be happy or sad. I don't want to analyze the reasons in detail, but I think it is my responsibility to guide students out of the misunderstanding of life education and treat the suffering in life dialectically.
First of all, it must be clear that the more suffering, the better. Life is not for suffering. For a long time, "heroism" and "optimism" have not only occupied our discourse space as a lexical form, but also occupied our thinking space as an ideology. It is actually a misunderstanding in education to emphasize the positive significance of suffering without objectively understanding the great blow of suffering, and to exaggerate the disastrous nature of suffering without understanding the positive significance of suffering. The former is more common in our education and teaching. Failure to realize the great disaster and seriousness of suffering leads to an inevitable result: when suffering suddenly strikes, people will be shocked and lose their souls. Therefore, students should know that suffering is not the more the better, and life does not welcome suffering.
Some people say that Shi Tiesheng's sick leg is a good thing for him, which enables him to become a writer. I don't think so. As a person, disability is always his misfortune. We can't imagine that we can exchange anything other than life for the health and strength of life. When a person is disabled, there is a lot of pain, whether physical or psychological, which may even be unimaginable to ordinary people. This can't be solved in one sentence. Please look at this narrative: after his legs were disabled, he became grumpy. Looking at the sky heading north, I will suddenly smash the glass in front of me; Listening to Li Guyi's sweet singing, I will suddenly throw what I have at hand at the surrounding walls. (Qiu Si) From fidgeting to sitting in a wheelchair may be a blessing in the contemporary literary world, but it can never be said to be a blessing for Shi Tiesheng. If a person shrinks in this respect, he needs to expand in other aspects. This extension is very difficult, and not everyone can succeed. If we can, we still hope to see a healthy Shi Tiesheng, and I believe Shi Tiesheng will also hope so. His "My Dream" proves this point: I hope to have a healthy body and a soul that understands the meaning of life. We can only admire a person's struggle with suffering, but not the suffering itself.
Second, don't magnify the suffering of life. No matter how clear the sky is, there will be haze, no matter how beautiful the flowers will wither, and no matter how beautiful the dreams will be. There is no smooth sailing in the world, let alone all the best. Bi Shumin said: Suffering does not automatically turn into motivation. It is not that the more suffering, the stronger the motivation. What suffering will become depends on how we look at it. Not everyone can meet Shi Tiesheng's experience. This fate is too cruel. However, the hardships of life may come unexpectedly, such as failing exams, being laid off and unemployed, having a stolen trip, and having a fire at home ... Nine times out of ten, life is often unsatisfactory. To whitewash the pain of life is either numbness or hypocrisy, while to amplify the pain of life is just to make excuses for the failure of life. Open Chinese textbooks, countless great souls have explained to us such a philosophy of life: in the face of suffering, people are not just sitting still.
From the perspective of dialectics, suffering is like a whetstone-if you are a good piece of steel, suffering can only polish your sharpness and shining quality and sharpen your will; But if you are just a piece of scrap metal, suffering can only slowly erode your spirit, making you more pessimistic and disappointed in life while losing your initiative and ambition. The reason why there are two completely different results is not only related to our own "physique", but also to people's attitudes: whether to enlarge suffering or narrow it. Brave people will reduce their own suffering as much as possible like the eye of a needle, and see the sky through the eye of a needle; Timid people will enlarge their suffering as much as possible, so that they can't see the hope of the future like a mountain.
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Yu Dafu said that a good work is an autobiography of a writer. Because a good work embodies the writer's life consciousness and melts into the writer's flesh and blood. Reading such a good work as Ditan and I can really touch the bones of life, inspire us to think about the meaning of life, treat the suffering of life correctly, and thus construct our own life consciousness. ^
It should be possible to modify it.