The most basic viewpoints of Pythagoras school are the theory of the origin of numbers and the theory of harmony, that is, numbers are the origin of everything and everything in the world is harmonious. They closely combined these views with religious mysticism, which had an important influence on later philosophical thoughts such as logos, idealism, rationalism, idealism and even religious philosophy. Pythagoreanism also inspired the development of dialectics and scientific epistemology in later generations.

Pythagoras put forward number theory and tried to explain the whole world mathematically. They understand music research: harmony is a simple numerical relationship based on the length of strings. The harmony that governs the movement of celestial bodies in the universe, like the harmony of music, is rooted in order. According to this order, the celestial bodies in the universe revolve around the same center at intervals specified by numbers. Pythagoras school points out that odd and even numbers are infinitely opposed, infinite, odd, perfect and good are infinite, even, defective and evil. The number "one" is an odd integer. The unity of opposites leads to harmony, and the world is the harmony of numbers.