Variste Galois (A.D.181~ A.D. 1832) is a French mathematician, who has made important contributions to function theory, equation theory and number theory, and his work has laid the foundation for group theory (a term he introduced). All this progress stems from the fact that when he was still in school, it was impossible for him to prove the solution with the roots of quintic polynomial equations (in fact, Abel had proved it at that time, but Galois didn't know it) and his intention to describe the general conditions for the solvability of arbitrary polynomial equations.

Although he published some papers before his death, when he sent them to the French Academy of Sciences in 1829, Cauchy lost the first paper and Fourier lost the second. He also worked with the Polytechnic University of Paris (? The examiner of the oral exam refuted and rejected a position.

After his father committed suicide, he gave up his math career and registered as a tutor. As a result, he was expelled for writing anti-monarchy articles and was imprisoned twice for his beliefs and system.

All the third papers he submitted to the Academy of Sciences were rejected by Poisson.

Galois died in a duel, probably provoked by royalists or detectives, at the age of 2 1.

He is recognized as one of the two most romantic figures in the history of mathematics.

Chemical genius:

Avogadro (amedeo avogadro 1776- 1856), an Italian who founded molecular theory, was unknown before his death, but became more and more famous after his death.

Avogadro put forward the molecular theory in 18 1 1, but it was ignored at that time.

Science Festival was really accepted after 49 years! Avogadro, who died at that time, proved his Italian compatriot (Stanislaw cannizzaro 1826- 19 10).

Literary genius:

1。

Kafka, an Austrian Jewish writer, lived in obscurity and poverty all his life.

The so-called "jealous genius" died young. Before he died, he made a will and told one of his closest friends to burn all his manuscripts and destroy them after his death.

Most of Kafka's manuscripts have never been published.

Kafka died soon, but his good friend went through a fierce ideological struggle after reading Kafka's will, and finally went against Kafka's wishes before his death.

Sort out all Kafka's works that can be collected, including published and a large number of unpublished manuscripts, and submit them to the publishing house for publication.

So, ten years after Kafka's death, this talented writer who was left out in the cold and died of human suffering suddenly became famous.

Numerous critics finally realized the importance of Kafka, and many later writers also studied Kafka's works one after another, thus completely changing the novels of the 20th century.

His masterpieces such as Metamorphosis, Underground Cave, Exile, Litigation and Castle have influenced several generations of writers all over the world.

2。

Emily Dickinson (1830- 1892) was unknown before her death. She only published 10 poems, and one said there were seven. Anyway, her published poems (1775) were less than 1%.

However, now, like Whitman, she is regarded as a first-class American poet, and is regarded as a pioneer by American Imagist poets in the 20th century, thus creating modernist poetry in the 20th century.

Bloom commented on Dickinson's position in the history of literature in Western Canon: "Apart from Shakespeare, Dickinson has shown the most cognitive originality among western poets since Dante." In the Poet's Corner of St. John's Church in new york, Americans wrote an inscription to Dickinson: "Ah, the outstanding Emily Dickinson!" "