Last name: same as now. Such as Zhang, Li, Xu and Zhao.

Name: same as now. For example, Zhang San's name is "San", and most of them call themselves, call the younger generation and insult others.

Word: Most of them were claimed by ancient people. And what you can say to your elders.

In addition, in order to facilitate memory, some people read names and words together in ancient times. Format: last name+first name+word.

What was the surname of the ancients? What do you mean? In ancient times, when the baby was born, the father took the "first name". Men take the word "word" for the twenty-line crown ceremony, and women take the word "word" when they are fifteen years old. Inherited from custom.

Read what you mean?

Pronunciation xué

There is water in the mountains in summer and no water in winter.

〉 ~ 圙圙 (zhuó) wave collision sound.

A tributary of the weishui river.

What do ancient ideographs mean? Ideographic writing, also known as Chinese characters, is an alias given by ancient China people in addition to their names. Few people use it now.

According to records, ancient men took characters at the age of 20, and women took characters when they were betrothed. For example, Kong Qiu's handwriting, Sima Qian's handwriting is dragon, and Li Bai's handwriting is too white.

"Book of Rites Tan Gong" holds that people need to be respected by society when they grow up, and it is disrespectful for peers to call themselves by their first names, so they need to take a word for themselves to use when interacting with others in society to show mutual respect. Therefore, when the ancients came of age, their names were only used by their elders and themselves, claiming that names meant humility, while words were used by people in society.

According to Yan Zhitui in Northern Qi Dynasty, people's names are different, while words reflect a person's virtue. Most people's names and words are related in meaning.

2) What is the relationship between ideographic characters and names in meaning?

The ancients were very particular about the choice of ideographs, and the situation was very complicated, but there were rules to follow, which could only be discovered through careful investigation, analysis and research. For example, it is common to choose words according to the ranking of the oldest and youngest brothers. For example, Confucius is the second child, so he has a big brother who is lame. The most typical is Wu Dong's younger brother Sun Shi during the Three Kingdoms period. Sun Ce took the word Fu Bo as his eldest son; Sun Quan took the word Zhong Mou as his second son; Sun Yi ranked third, taking the word Bi Shu; Sun Kuang ranked fourth, taking the word Ji Zuo.

There are also many cases of using "Zi" at the dinner table, because "Zi" was a good title or honorific title for men in ancient times. So people like to use it, such as hole pile and word thinking; Zhong You, Hippo Chef Road; Sima Qian, word length; Cao Zhi, Zi Zijian; Su Shi, the word Zizhan; Du Fu, beautiful words; Yuan Mei is a genius.

Although these ideograms are common, they have little connection with real names. In fact, Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji and Zi are not real ideograms, and the words behind them, such as strategy, integrity, thinking, smoothness and beauty, are the main components of ideograms. This main component is related to the meaning of the original name, which is introduced as follows:

1. Synonymy: that is, ideographic characters and names have the same meaning, are interlinked, and are in a parallel relationship, so they are also called "parallel type". For example:

Qu Ping, etymology. Guangping said the original text, meaning the same.

Yan Hui, the word Zi Yuan. Deep and backwater have the same meaning.

In Yu, the word "I" means the same thing to me.

Xu Fan, this word is too late. Being late and being late both mean "waiting".

Zhang Heng, the word Ping Zi. Equality and fairness are the same.

Lu you, the concept of word service. Tourism and righteousness are the same.

Ceng Gong, this word is solid. Gong and Gu Yi are the same.

Ban Gu, the word Meng Jian. Strong and real mean the same thing.

Monk, the word Yu Zi. Tui and Yu are both cars.

2. Similarity of meaning: that is, ideograms and names are similar in meaning, but not exactly the same, and can complement each other, which is called "auxiliary type". For example:

Loud, the word "Luan". Luan and Wen are both birds, but they are not the same species. Beauty and husband and wife can complement each other.

Lu Ji, the word Shi Heng. Machine and scale are the stars in the Beidou, which complement each other.

Zheng Qiao, Yu Yuzhong. Wood is wood, and fishing is fishing. They are often companions and help each other.

Li Yu, word Li Weng. Fishermen often wear hats.

Chen Lin, the word Kong Zhang. Lin and Zhang are jade articles, which complement each other.

3. The opposite meaning: that is, the ideograph is opposite to the name, which can be called "contradiction", such as:

Ceng Dian, the word Xi. The spots are black and dirty, and the face is white.

Zhu and Yu. Light is morning and darkness is night.

Liu Guo, change the word. It wouldn't be wrong if you changed it.

Ji Wang, this word is useless. Achievement and reactive power are just the opposite.

4. Consistent meaning: that is, ideographs and names often come from one sentence, which is consistent with the meaning of the name and supplements or modifies the meaning of the word. This situation can be called "inflation". For example:

Xu Gan, word length. Confucius said, "Do it." Names and words have the same meaning in one sentence, and words are supplementary explanations of names.

Cao Cao, the word Meng De. The article "Xunzi's exhortation to learn" says: "Life depends on reason, death depends on reason, and husband is called virtue." In a word, the combination of words and names into moral conduct is moral conduct, and word-to-name is a decorative explanation and supplement.

Zhao Yun, Zi Zilong. The Book of Changes said, "Clouds follow dragons and winds follow tigers." A name in a sentence has the same meaning as a word.

Lu Yu, the word hung-chien. Zhouyi Ri: "Hung-chien can be an instrument of Lu Chyi Yu." This word explains the name.

Smart and honest words. "Book of Rites" Day: "Honesty is clear." In a word, honesty is the premise of Ming, and Ming is the consequence of honesty.

Yu Qian, the word Ting Yi. "Shangshu" said: "Modesty." In a word, modesty is the premise and interest is the result of modesty.

5. Meaning extension: that is, the extension of the meaning of a name. This situation can be called "extension". For example:

Li Bai, the words are too white. Taibai refers to Taibai Venus, which is an extension of Taiyi.

Du Mu, the word Mu Zhi. Mu Zhi is grazing, which expands the meaning of grazing.

Yang Da, the word Shida. Scholar, that is, the meaning of scholar's progress, further extends the meaning of achievement.

Qiu, the word forever. Yongxi is a provincial contract of "not tin but not old", which comes from the Book of Songs Truffles and extends the meaning of tin.

Ray's words are too simple. It is also an extension that emphasizes simplicity.

(3) How to address names and words in ancient times

In ancient times, due to special attention to etiquette, names and characters were very particular. In interpersonal communication, first names are generally used as polite terms, courtesy names, respectful names and long names. Peers only call each other by their first names when they know each other well. In most cases, it is considered impolite to call each other or others by their first names. It is considered polite to compliment each other among peers. When writing letters or making phone calls from the bottom up, you can call them by their first names, but you must never call them by their first names, especially the names of the monarch or parents and elders, or even mention them, otherwise it would be "disrespectful" or "out of line", thus resulting in the unique "taboo" system in China. I won't say it here for the time being, but I will introduce it in detail below.

In ancient times, names and words were called together to show respect. There are two situations that deserve our attention:

The first situation is that in the pre-Qin period, when a name and a word are linked together, the word should follow the name. For example:

Confucius' father Jia, the ancestor of Confucius in the Song Dynasty, "Confucius' father" is a word; Jia "is a name; The surname is "Gongsun".

Shu is the father of Confucius, and "Ge" is a surname. Liang Shu is a word; Last name is Kong.

Meng is the son of Priscilla, and "history" is the first name; Meng Ming is a word; Last name is "Baili".

The son of Xiqiao Shujian, "Shu" is a name; "Xiqiao" is a word; The surname is Jian.

Bai, the son of uncle Jian, "C" is the first; "Bai Yi" is a word; The surname is Jian.

The second situation is that after the Han Dynasty, when people's names are connected, the "name" comes before the "word". For example:

"Lu Kongju, Guangling Chen Zhang, RoyceWong, Beihai Xu Gan Weichang, Liu Chen Zhang Dejin, Runan Yingchang, Dongping Liu Zhen are on business ..." This is a passage in Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper, and the names of "Jian 'an Seven Sons" are all said first, then said.

Chinese characters originated in Shang Dynasty, prevailed in Zhou Dynasty, and later formed a system. Until modern times, it was still used by many intellectuals and cultural circles, such as Hu Shi's ci, Sun Wen's ci and * * *. In modern times, it is rarely used. However, China has a population of/kloc-0.3 billion, and the occurrence rate of homophones is too high. The cultural circle now intends to restore the ideographic system.

Some people think that the decline of ideographs is related to the movement of the mainland to break capitalism and suppress intellectuals. They think ideographs are symbols of feudal intellectuals, so many people abandon them.

Generally, Chinese characters have one word, two words and three words. It's two words at most.

Some word formation:

Add the man's respectful name "Zi" before the word: such as Gong Zi Chan, Du Fu's word.

Adding a ranking word before the word indicates ranking: Kong Qiu word Zhong Ni; There are also people who only regard ranking as a word.

In the Zhou dynasty, women also had writing. But its composition is different from that of men. Generally, surnames are crowned with a ranking word as a word.

In addition, in ancient Chinese, when people's names and words are linked together, it is customary to say the words first and then the names.

A epigraph refers to a name that expresses virtue or the meaning of a proper name in addition to its proper name. In ancient times, men were 20 years old and women were 15 years old, so it was not convenient to call them by their first names. Therefore, another alias related to the meaning of this name is called Zi to show its virtue. When mortals treat each other with courtesy, they will call it virtue. Later, the word was called ideograph.

"Book of Rites Tan Gong" holds that people need to be respected by society when they grow up, and it is disrespectful for peers to call themselves by their first names, so they need to take a word for themselves to use when interacting with others in society to show mutual respect. Therefore, when the ancients came of age, their names were only used by their elders and themselves, claiming that names meant humility, while words were used by people in society.

According to records, ancient men took characters at the age of 20, and women took characters when they were betrothed. For example, Kong Qiu's handwriting, Sima Qian's handwriting is dragon, and Li Bai's handwriting is too white. Few people use ideographs in modern times.

Taking the Eighth Congress of Sima as an example to illustrate ancient Chinese characters;

"Sima Ba Da" refers to the eight brothers of Sima Shi, a noble family in Hanoi in the late Eastern Han Dynasty;

Sima Lang, the secretariat of Yanzhou in the Han Dynasty, was named Boda.

Wei Taiwei (Xuan Di) Sima Yi was named Zhong Da.

Wei Taizai (King Ping of Jin 'an) Sima Fu, whose name is Shu Da.

Wu Weidong Cheng Hou Sima Xiangru, the word Ji Da.

Wei Honghan is a clever man.

Wei Zhonglang Sima Jin, the word Huida.

Wei ren Sima Tong, the word Ada.

Hou Ting Sima Min, whose name is Wei Anping.

Because his eight brothers all have the word "Da", they are also called "Sima Ba Da".

What do ancient numbers mean? In ancient times, some people were removed from the list. In addition to this word, there was a "number". No. is another name for people, so it is also called "nickname", which is very practical. Besides being called, it is also used as the signature of articles, books and calligraphy. Such as Lu Tong's poem Yuchuanzi, Du Mu's Collected Works of Fan Chuan, Song Xue's Six-body Thousand-character Essay, and Lao Lian's Lotus and Yuanyang Picture. If you are not familiar with the nicknames of ancient literati writers, it is difficult to know who the authors of these works are. Therefore, for ancient literati writers, we should not only master their names and characters, but also remember their numbers. Such as: Su Shi Zi Zhan, alias Dongpo lay man.

When did the bugle rise? There is no detailed record in the literature, probably in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Such as "Lao Dan" and "Guiguzi" can be regarded as the earliest nicknames of China. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming took the name "Mr. Wuliu", and in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, more people took the name. A general atmosphere was formed in the Tang and Song Dynasties and reached its peak in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Not only does everyone have a number, but also a person can say many numbers. For example, Chen Hongshou, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, has four titles: Lao Lian, Lao Chi, Late Regret, and Yunmen Monk. In modern times, the custom of using numbers has been enduring, such as Su's Schumann. Double Rev. "White Stone"; He Xiangning's "Shuangqing Landlord". In modern times, the names of literati have been gradually replaced by pen names.

-Baidu Encyclopedia

What did the ancients mean by berthing?

What did the ancients mean by "character" and "number"? Word "is limited to people with status in ancient times. "Book of Rites Quli" says: "Men are twenty crowns" and "Women are fifteen years old", that is to say, both men and women don't take words until they are adults, and the purpose of taking words is to make people respect them and be honored. Ordinary people, especially peers and subordinates, are only allowed to call their elders by their first names. The main basis of ancient writing method is: ① tautology. For example, Qu Yuan's name is flat, the word is original, and the plain is wide. Confucius' students praised, Confucius said, Confucius said, Yan said, Zhuge said, Tao Yuanming said, Zhou said, Yue said, Yue said, Wen Tianxiang said, Jing Rui and so on all belong to this category. ② Antisense opposition. The word Zhao Shuai, a doctor in Jin Dynasty, is redundant (added). Ceng Dian is white. Tang Wang's ci is useless, Zhu's ci is gloomy, Yuan Zhao Mengfu's ci is arrogant, and Yan Shu's ci is the same as uncle's. (3) guess. Zhao Yunzi Zilong (Yun Conglong); Chao, the word is blameless; Su Shi, Zi Zizhan (Twenty-eight Years of Zuo Zhuan: Shi Junfeng Consolidated Tables); Yue Fei's word Ju Peng. As can be seen from the above three categories, words are closely related to names, and words are often the supplement or explanation of names. This is the so-called "name correspondence". They are both external and internal, so the word is also called "ideogram". These three kinds are the main ones. In addition, there are cases where the main branches and five elements are used for typesetting, or ranking, and the father (character) is added after the word, which is generally included in the scope of the word. The word "destiny", like naming, has the flavor of the times. A general trend is to beautify words and respect aging, which is more obvious. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the strengthening of Neo-Confucianism, there were more and more red tape, and scholars also made a big fuss about appellation words to show their respect. But after a long time, they gradually feel that the address forms are not respectful enough, so they have a more respectful number than the address forms.

Hope to adopt

What do you mean by Goonecki? Not cheap inside, cheap inside.

This kind of address is not commonly used by modern people. If you don't understand it, you'd better not use it. If you use it wrongly, it will be even more embarrassing.

A wife is a wife, which is a polite address for oneself.

If dogs, like sons, can only call themselves wives and children, this is a modest statement. He should never be used to address other people's families, which would be an insult to others.

It means my wife, also called my wife, who is the person in the house, which means my wife.

Cheap, please note that the cheap here is not about his wife, but about himself, just like me, laughing at himself.

The real meaning of wife is my humble wife, not my humble wife.

Please pay attention to the usage of this word.

If you are satisfied, please accept it. Thank you.

What did the ancients mean by constant beans? Red beans generally refer to acacia.

Red bean shrubs grow in the south. In spring, they sprout many branches. People who miss them hope to collect more. Mix red bean has attracted people's attention.

Linglong dice Anhoudou, what do you know about bone acacia?

These two sentences are typical poems that use red beans to compare acacia.