Graduation thesis of building materials 1
On quality control of building materials
This paper analyzes the building quality control, and points out that material quality control is a key issue in the process of building lifelong quality control. In this paper, the quality control of building materials is deeply discussed, and the ways of reasonable application are pointed out, which is of great guiding significance to our engineering practice.
Keywords: building construction; Quality control; Material control; new material
Introduction to 0
Ensuring the quality of construction projects is the eternal theme of engineering design, construction and supervision. Such a huge construction plan should pay special attention to quality control, which is related to public interests, people's lives and property safety, and even to national security and national economic development. It should be noted that building quality, such as material quality, has a great relationship. If there is a problem with the quality of materials, no matter how good the technology and construction methods are, it is impossible to make good building products.
1 Total quality control of building construction
Total quality control is based on the definition of quality, and we must pay attention to all the elements and links that constitute quality, not just regard quality as pure product quality. This requires enterprises to base their quality control on? Sanquan? On the basis of. The basic method of total quality management is actually PDCA cycle method. In fact, it is a process of knowing a practice, knowing it again and practicing it again. In total quality control, although it is necessary to ensure all-round and all-stage quality control, its core is unchanged, that is, quality control and management during project construction.
(1) Be familiar with and review the construction drawings, prepare the construction organization design and technical scheme, and formulate the quality management system of the construction site; Check whether the building materials, components and mechanical equipment meet the requirements; Do a good job in technical disclosure, and carry out construction work in strict accordance with design drawings and technical specifications. Every working procedure should have quality inspection and quality records, and pay attention to the technical verification of concealed works and key parts, leaving no hidden dangers.
(2) The site shall establish a quality assurance system with the project manager as the main person in charge, full-time quality inspector, and the head of the branch project. Clear post responsibility system, conscientiously implement the three-level inspection system of team, technical foreman and quality inspector. Do a good job in quality management and implement it in enterprises? Quality management system and engineering reward and punishment regulations? Implement the responsibility system.
(3) Strengthen the acceptance and inspection of raw materials. The sampling inspection method of material quality shall comply with relevant standards and regulations. The materials used in the project must have a formal factory certificate or laboratory test sheet, and can only be used after passing the test in a qualified laboratory. Before the construction of the divisional project, the technicians shall be responsible for the technical disclosure, so that the workers can be familiar with the operation procedures and quality standards of the construction site. It can be seen that the quality control of building materials is a very important aspect from the perspective of total quality control. So how to control the quality of building materials and integrate them into the overall quality control of building construction? Let's talk about the author's views on this issue.
2 Total quality control of building construction
2. 1 First of all, strengthen the detection, which is an important barrier for materials.
Be sure to ask a qualified testing unit to issue a detailed testing report, and never sign a contract with a supplier easily for the sake of saving trouble or saving money. Special attention should be paid here to prevent some inferior materials from entering our century project by taking kickbacks. Generally speaking, we attach great importance to the detection and monitoring of some major building materials, such as steel bars and cement, and the whole process is very strict. On the other hand, in addition to these natural materials, such as sand and gravel, we can distinguish between good and bad by visual inspection, and field control is also relatively easy to do. Sometimes, especially for some new materials, or unfamiliar materials, and even the inspection that the quality inspection unit of construction engineering can't do at present, we prefer to take the measure of "quality before quantity". In addition to looking for qualified and capable inspection units, we should also use experience to test whether the materials meet the quality requirements in practical application.
2.2 We must strengthen on-site monitoring and communication with the owner. How can we effectively control the quality of materials? On the one hand, on-site inspection and supervision should be strengthened, but more importantly, construction contractors should be selected.
Although we can buy so-called qualified products through strict inspection, we need to see that even this is not perfect-if the construction contractor has no subjective intention to cut corners, of course, there is no need to worry too much. However, in the current social psychology with money as the reference, on-site monitoring must also be strengthened. At the beginning, the construction party can ask the construction party to give a material supplier or manufacturer or brand, and we will give permission to use it after field investigation and communication. If you have doubts about the quality of the manufacturer or brand at the beginning or in the specific application, you must ask the construction party to choose another one. Here for convenience, the construction unit can give some alternative brands, manufacturers and suppliers, and then we can choose within this range. In order to give full play to the role of construction supervision at the construction site, we must pay close attention to the verification of the actually applied materials to ensure that there will be no misuse.
2.3 Strengthen the research on new materials. With the rapid development of science and technology and careful use, new materials have been rapidly applied in various industries.
In practical application, we should not adopt an exclusive attitude towards new materials. In fact, new materials can often bring many benefits to our projects because of their scientific and technological content. But applying does not mean blind choice. For the application of new materials, there should be a gradual process. In this process, we will continue to test and investigate, and only by fully mastering its performance can it be popularized in large quantities. Where the construction administrative department stipulates the use of new materials or the introduction of new materials, it shall be responsible for the acts stipulated or introduced by itself. Before the new material is specified or introduced, it should be carefully checked to understand its performance, master its practice structure, and introduce or enter the basic safety.
In order to strengthen our understanding of them, we must organize people to strengthen their study and practice, and we must use them carefully when there are many hidden dangers. For example, in architecture, waterproof material is also a rapidly developing diversified field, which makes the choice of construction units and waterproof materials in architecture have a very broad space. After the waterproof materials enter the construction site, whether the varieties, specifications and models meet the design requirements should be carefully identified, and the related projects should be rechecked in strict accordance with the specification requirements. Only after passing the inspection can it be put into engineering use.
2.4 Strengthening the Exploration of Three Certificates of Building Materials In order to control the quality of the above-mentioned material components, it is an important measure to strictly control the incoming inspection of materials.
In addition to testing, one of our main tasks is to investigate whether there is a quality certificate, and the specification, model and performance test report should meet the national technical standards or design requirements. These certificates must be fully investigated and verified by the supervision engineer before formal application. Products subject to production license and safety certification system shall have license number and safety certification mark. For products with production license and safety certification system, the original production license and safety certification mark of the product should be checked before purchasing to prevent the copy from being forged. For bidding or purchasing technical requirements, product samples and other information, must be properly kept. On the basis of a detailed understanding of these materials, engineers will conduct on-site acceptance of the materials, and check the model, specification, performance index, origin, quantity and appearance quality of the products. Unqualified phenomenon, will not be accepted.
References:
[1] Mao Heqin et al. Quality control of engineering construction [M]. Beijing. China Building Industry Press. 1997.
[2] Wang Wende. Control the construction quality in the construction process [J]. China Three Gorges Construction .2000, (7).
[3] Zhang Liangcheng. Quality control of building engineering [M]. Beijing: China Water Resources and Hydropower Press. 1999.
Graduation thesis of building materials II
Discussion on Building Material Management and Material Inspection
The variety, performance and quality of building materials largely determine the firmness, applicability and aesthetics of buildings. It also greatly affects the structural form and construction speed.
Building materials; Engineering quality; examination
1. Management of construction site materials
1. 1 Basic mode of material management
In recent years, with the reform and opening-up of construction management system and the development of market economy system, enterprises have become the main body of the market. Enterprises enter the market for profit, especially after China's entry into WTO. According to international rules, the management mechanism of the construction market and building materials market is bound by laws and regulations, with equal competition and free trading.
1. 1. 1 centralized type
Generally, centralized management is adopted, and the supply right is concentrated in enterprises, which plan, purchase, supply and manage manufacturers, distributors, foreign agents and contractors in a unified way.
1. 1.2 linear type
Generally speaking, the contractor of the project, the project contract responsibility system or the joint-stock unit and the demand of the basic project are all directly supplied to the construction site. Planning, procurement, supply, management, information transmission and feedback processing are directly solved on the spot.
1. 1.3 dispersed type
Decentralization refers to the decentralized or cross-regional construction projects, which can be adapted to local conditions or? Centralized leadership and decentralized management? Expand the power of supply management at the grass-roots level or let enterprises plan the supply of bulk materials in a centralized way, hand over part of the power of supply management to the grass-roots, grasp the big and release the small, make overall adjustment and control, and give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of the grass-roots level.
1.2 material management responsibilities
1.2. 1 material management responsibilities
(1) Abide by the national laws and regulations on material management, and implement the rules and regulations of superiors and enterprises on material supply management.
(2) Participate in the site construction layout planning, understand and master the relevant technical measures and material requirements in the construction organization design, and do a good job in material preparation before construction, that is, rationally plan the site warehouse, yard and transportation road. Strictly implement the site construction plane management system.
(3) to participate in the investigation of nearby material resources, transportation and? Three to one? (i.e. quality comparison, price comparison, transportation comparison, cost calculation), and select the best source of goods and the main and standby points of bulk materials. According to the provisions of the project contract, timely negotiate with the construction unit and the superior supply department on the division of supply, and link up and implement the supply channels for processing various materials and tools.
(4) According to the material analysis of the two calculations (construction budget and construction drawing budget), according to the construction sequence and construction progress plan, prepare the monthly and ten-day material supply mobilization plan, grasp the construction material dynamics, reflect the engineering material demand information in time, strive for the materials to enter the site in stages, batches and rhythmically, and effectively ensure the engineering needs.
⑤ Strictly check the acceptance of incoming goods, adhere to the legal measurement, check the scales, quantities, minutes, scales, specifications and quality, fill in the original acceptance records batch by batch day by day, and resolutely reject materials that do not meet the use requirements. Strictly prevent it from being inconsistent with the project? Three differences? Loss. When the main materials and components enter the site, check the material certificate or factory certificate.
⑥ Manage all kinds of materials scientifically according to the requirements of material performance and material technical storage regulations, and do a good job in fire prevention, rain prevention, flood control, moisture prevention and theft prevention of warehouses and yards. Command incoming materials to arrive in place at one time, pile them up reasonably, avoid or reduce secondary handling, and create conditions for the team to receive materials and take stock.
⑦ According to the analysis of construction budget materials, quota management, quota feeding, lump-sum use, saving prize and penalty for over consumption shall be implemented, and the maintenance system of turnover materials shall be established. The loss and waste of materials caused shall be recorded in time, the reasons and responsibilities shall be found out, and the materials shall be handled according to regulations. Report major waste problems to leaders or superiors, and investigate their economic responsibilities.
⑧ Implement saving measures and indicators. Do a good job in material consumption accounting, statistical reports and statistical analysis; Cooperate with accountants to correctly calculate the actual material costs of unit projects, operation and maintenance, temporary facilities and other projects.
Pet-name ruby is responsible for the business guidance of team members. Help the team to do a good job of accounting for saving materials and consuming materials, give full play to the role of combining professional management with employee management, and promote civilized construction on site.
1.2.2 Contents of material management
(1) material plan management. (2) Acceptance of materials in the site. ③ Storage and custody of materials.
4 material citation. (5) material use supervision.
⑥ Material recovery. ⑦ On-site management of turnover materials.
1.3 material procurement and supply
1.3. 1 material procurement principle
The material department of a construction enterprise must follow the following principles, and complete the material procurement task under the objectives of selecting the best among the best, ensuring quality, ensuring production and reducing costs in competition:
① Abide by the principles of laws and regulations.
The procurement and supply of materials must abide by the relevant laws and regulations of the state and be familiar with the relevant economic contract law, financial system and the provisions of the administrative department for industry and commerce.
(2) The principle of purchasing as planned.
The procurement and supply plan is based on the needs of construction and production. Arrange the purchasing time, variety, specification and quantity according to the production schedule, reduce the capital occupation, avoid the backlog caused by blind procurement, and give full play to the maximum benefit of funds in line with the principles of being conducive to production, convenient for construction, comprehensive balance and improving efficiency.
3 insist? Three to one? The principle of.
Specific quality, price, distance and cost are the basic requirements for strengthening accounting and management in procurement. Under the condition of meeting the requirements of engineering quality, choose the procurement object with low price and close distance to reduce the procurement cost.
1.3.2 Main clauses of material procurement contract
(1) Material name (brand, trademark), variety, specification, model and grade.
② Material quality standards and technical standards.
③ Material quantity and unit of measurement.
(4) Material packaging standards and the supply and use of packaged items.
⑤ Delivery unit, delivery mode, transportation mode and arrival place of materials (including special lines and docks).
⑥ Receiving (sending) unit and receiving (sending) person.
⑦ Delivery (delivery) period.
8 Acceptance method.
Pet-name ruby material unit price, total price and other expenses.
Attending the settlement method, bank, account name, account number and settlement unit.
{1 1} Liability for breach of contract.
{12} Other matters agreed by both parties.
1.3.3 material supply mode
According to the different positions of suppliers in the construction, there are three ways to supply materials: Party A's way of supply, Party B's way of supply and Party A and Party B's way of joint supply.
① Party A's mode of supply.
Party A is the representative of the development department of the construction project or the project owner. Party A's supply mode is the way in which the development department of the construction project and the project owner supply materials to the construction project. In this way, Party A is responsible for raising funds and organizing the resources needed for the project, and purchasing and supplying materials according to the construction drawing budget prepared by the construction enterprise.
② Party B's mode of supply.
Party B is synonymous with construction enterprises. Party B's supply mode is that the construction enterprise is responsible for the procurement and supply of materials according to the production characteristics and progress requirements. The specific supply department of Party B's supply mode can be ministry of materials and equipment of Party B's enterprise, ministry of materials and equipment of its branch or the project management department to organize procurement and supply separately or jointly. Party B's supply mode can organize feeding according to the production characteristics and progress requirements, and can centrally process and comprehensively supply the materials between the built projects, and can reasonably allocate manpower and material resources, thus ensuring the construction speed of the projects.
③ Joint supply mode of Party A and Party B. ..
The present Measures refer to the way in which the development department of the construction project or the owner of the construction project implements the material supply according to the scope of material procurement and supply determined by their respective division of labor. As Party A and Party B jointly complete the material supply of a project, it is necessary to clearly divide the specific matters of material supply and sign a material supply contract before the project starts.
refer to
[1] perspective of China building materials testing industry [J]. engineering quality, 2007.
[2] Huang Jiajun. Building Materials and Testing Technology (2nd Edition) [M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology Press, 2007.
(3) the construction site material management. On-the-job training materials for professional and technical managers in construction enterprises. Shandong provincial construction engineering management bureau.
[4] Inspection of building materials. On-the-job training materials for professional and technical managers in construction enterprises. Shandong provincial construction engineering management bureau.
[5] Zhang Jian. Building materials and testing. Beijing: Teaching Material Publishing Center of Chemical Industry Press, 2003.
Liu xiangshun. Building materials, Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1997.
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