Model essay on international logistics management —— International logistics management based on network perspective
Abstract: The research of logistics function module has been deepened. The third source of profit? This paper interprets international logistics management from a theoretical perspective, based on the network perspective, from a new perspective and new ideas. At the same time, the optimization of international logistics network is analyzed with the help of Kaneking's law and linear programming method. In order to help enterprises find a balance between the speed and economy of international logistics.
Keywords: network perspective; International logistics management; Kannikin's law; Linear programming method
China Library Classification Number: F252. 1 Document Identification Number: A.
With the continuous development of information technology, the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous improvement of international trade rules, the exchanges between countries and regions, especially economic and trade exchanges, are becoming more and more frequent. The rapid development of international trade has also brought about the rapid development of international logistics management and the deepening of academic research. On the basis of reviewing the functional modules of international logistics management research, this paper discusses international logistics management from the perspective of network.
1 ask questions
With the continuous development of China's economy, modern international logistics has made great progress in both theoretical research and enterprise practice, but there are relatively few research results in theoretical circles. Up to 20 12,10,9, it has been widely used in China hownet platform. International logistics management? The full-text database of China journals, China's doctoral dissertations, China's excellent master's dissertations and China's important conference papers during the period of 1979-20 12 were searched, and the total literature volume was 18. This series of documents mainly analyzes the enterprise cases of international logistics, the development of international logistics theory and teaching reform from the perspective of logistics function modules such as procurement, transportation, warehousing and distribution. Although there are many theories and tools on functional modules, such as ABC classification, periodic ordering, zero inventory management and JIT production system, etc. The research from the perspective of functional module lacks the overall consideration of the flow and economy of the whole international logistics, or lacks the decision-making of international logistics construction and development at the enterprise and national levels. Based on logistics, is it after the enterprise continues to produce materials and workers? A third-party profit source? Theoretical angle
Degree [1], this paper puts forward the idea of studying international logistics management from the perspective of network.
2 train of thought elaboration and application
2. 1 network and international logistics network. Network is a graph composed of nodes and connecting lines, which represents the research objects and their relationships. It is a model abstracted from similar problems and expressed and studied by graph theory in mathematics.
Is the international logistics network composed of multiple consignments and consignments? Node? What about them? Connect? The collection of logistics abstract network and accompanying information flow network [2]. The whole process of international logistics is composed of multiple movements on the connecting line-pauses at nodes-movements-pauses again. International logistics management based on network perspective is the management of the connection and nodes of the whole international logistics network, as well as the management of the speed and economy of goods flow between the whole network. The flow of the network begins with the signing of trade contracts by international trade parties, and the international market distribution of raw materials and products purchased by multinational enterprises. The concept of international logistics network can be intuitively understood through the schematic diagram of international logistics network (Figure 2- 1).
2.2 The node composition of the international logistics network. The receiving and delivery nodes in the international logistics network refer to warehouses at all levels, middlemen's warehouses, freight forwarders, port warehouses, domestic and foreign transit warehouses, distribution processing/distribution centers and warehouses in bonded areas involved in the import and export process. Specifically, it includes various ports, ports, general warehouses (warehouses), bonded warehouses, bonded zones, export processing zones and free trade zones. In addition, objective constraints such as the layout and capacity of existing nodes should be considered. The choice of international logistics nodes of enterprises also needs to master the global distribution of suppliers or customers, the current and future supply and demand pattern of suppliers or customers, the service level that suppliers or customers can provide or need, and the total logistics cost generated by different schemes [3]. As far as the government is concerned, it is necessary to strengthen the construction and promotion of the storage capacity and service capacity of existing nodes, and enhance the attractiveness of the service price level to enterprises. For example, the government should dig deep into the water depth of the port, dredge the siltation, and reduce the port fees relatively steadily.
2.3 the composition of the international logistics network. The connection of international logistics network consists of various routes of sea, land, air and pipeline transportation, which represents the movement of international logistics goods. There are various transportation services with different routes and different products between nodes, and each node represents the temporary stagnation and buffer of goods flow. From the network point of view, enterprises have different path choices in international logistics, so there is a problem of network selection and optimization at both the enterprise level and the government level. In international logistics practice, sea routes are more suitable for transporting bulk commodities, bulky commodities or bulky commodities, such as steel, crude oil and automobiles. Air routes are more suitable for perishable products, seasonal products and high-value products, such as diamonds, chips and fashion services.
2.4 International logistics network optimization. In the practice of international logistics management, the logistics objectives of enterprises can be summarized into the following three categories: (1) maximizing the pursuit of logistics speed and cargo turnover speed. This goal is easy to achieve in international trade, and it is also worth pursuing, such as sending samples and sending small and light goods. Many third-party logistics enterprises, mainly express delivery, can provide such services, such as United Parcel Service (UPS). (2) In order to minimize the total cost of international logistics and improve economic benefits, there is no high demand for the flow rate of logistics, such as bulk steel trade and raw material procurement with long-term supply contracts. (3) Seek the balance between logistics speed and economic benefits. This goal is the logistics goal pursued by many enterprises at present.
Under the guidance of three goals, combine, right? The third source of profit? Mining and optimizing the international logistics network has become an overall problem of international logistics management. Therefore, this paper puts forward the application of Koninkin's law in the optimization of international logistics network and the application of linear programming method in the decision-making considering the speed and economic benefits of international logistics.
2.4. 1 koninkin law and international logistics network optimization. Kanekin's law in management science points out that a wooden barrel consists of many boards. If these boards are different in length, the maximum capacity of the barrel depends not on the long board, but on the shortest board. In the international logistics network, the stagnation of goods at each node is inconsistent with its buffering capacity and cost, and can also be adjusted and selected through the efforts of enterprise management. Similarly, the connection of international logistics network also has such a situation. The speed-up space of logistics lies in the speed-up of the slowest node, connection or line segment, and the breakthrough point to improve the economic benefits of logistics lies in the node, connection or line segment with the highest operating cost. Therefore, under the guidance of logistics objectives, enterprises can find the biggest nodes and connections that affect logistics speed and economic benefits in the international logistics network, and adjust and optimize them. The ways of adjustment and optimization can be: replacing more ideal nodes or connections; Using the research results of logistics function module, optimize the current node or connection.
Similarly, for the comparative optimization of the running speed of nodes and connections in the international logistics network, the best route can also be obtained by the above method. By combining the logistics objectives of enterprises and finding the balance between logistics speed and economic benefits, we can find an ideal network suitable for international logistics of enterprises. In addition, through the sensitivity analysis of the model, the upper and lower bounds of single node and connection optimization can be found.
3 Conclusion theory
By introducing the network perspective to manage international logistics, it can make up for the inconsistency of module connection from the perspective of functional modules to a certain extent, making one module develop particularly rapidly and one module become the blocking point of international logistics. At the same time, it helps enterprises to find the balance between the speed and economy of international logistics, so as to tap logistics? Third party profit? , improve the market competitiveness of enterprises. It also provides another angle and idea for the decision-making of international logistics management. Of course, because the international logistics system is very different and the environment is very different, in the practice of international logistics management, in addition to economic benefits and logistics speed, it is necessary to increase the influence on unmeasurable and uncertain factors such as politics and weather, and reduce the risk of the whole international logistics management by improving the awareness and ability of self-risk prevention and relying on third-party insurance.
References:
[1] Peng Xin, et al. Logistics [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 20 10.
[2] Yun Yuduo, et al. International Logistics Management [M]. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 20 10.
[3] Li. International Logistics Management under International Marketing [J]. Logistics Science and Technology, 20 1 1 (4): 56-57.
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