The geography of environmental industry in logistics and production industry is the actual layout of the industry and a part of the actual "national conditions". The development of logistics can play a role in promoting the rationalization of industrial layout, and can find out the problems of real industrial layout and give feedback, which is the dynamic performance of logistics promoting economic development. However, more importantly, logistics must adapt to the national conditions and do its own work well under realistic conditions. Therefore, the geographical location of the production industry is an important condition for logistics. I. Agricultural Environment and Logistics of Agricultural Products The agriculture mentioned here refers to "big agriculture", that is, it includes not only planting and planting, but also forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery industries. 1. Food crops. China's total grain output has exceeded 400 billion kilograms, and with imports, about 65 billion kilograms of commercial grain enter the circulation field every year. This is a major goal of logistics. Different kinds of food crops are distributed in different areas. The basic situation is that a large number of rice producing areas are South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; The areas where wheat is produced in large quantities and converted into commodity grain are North China and parts of Northwest China, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Hubei. Corn is produced in Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Liaoning and Jilin. Sorghum is mainly produced in the northeast of China. Northeast China produces a large number of soybeans. Commodity grain base is the main area that is transformed into commodity grain in large quantities and enters the logistics field. At present, China plans to build 13 commodity grain production bases and 100 commodity grain base counties, including: Yangtze River Delta, Jianghan Plain, Duyang Lake Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, Pearl River Delta, Songliao Plain, Central Jilin Plain, Central Liaoning Plain, Hexi Corridor, Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation Area, Yinchuan Plain, Northern Jiangsu Region and Northern Anhui Region. 2. Cash crops. Cash crops are industrial raw materials, especially the raw materials of textile and food industries, with relatively concentrated production areas and commodity rate much higher than that of food crops. Therefore, the demand for logistics is also great. The basic distribution of cash crops in China is as follows: the concentrated cotton producing areas are the Yellow River basin, the Yangtze River basin and the northwest region; Hemp is produced in Jiangnan, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Mulberry silk is mainly produced in Taihu Basin, Sichuan Basin and Pearl River Delta, while tussah silk is mainly produced in Liaoning. Peanuts are mainly produced in Shandong, Liaoning, Guangdong and Fujian. Guangxi, sugarcane is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan Province, Yunnan, Fujian and Sichuan; Beets are mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. These are cash crops, which are large in quantity and in great demand for logistics. There are also some cash crops with little demand for logistics volume but high requirements for logistics quality, such as tea mainly produced in Jiangnan; Tobacco is mainly produced in Yunnan, Henan, Guizhou and Shandong. 3. Forestry. Forestry resources are important industrial raw materials and important objects of people's consumption. Among them, wood has a great demand for logistics volume, and economic forest fruits not only have a large logistics volume, but also have high requirements for logistics quality. The basic distribution of forestry resources in China: timber trees are mainly produced in Daxing 'anling and Changbai Mountains in the northeast, forest areas in Inner Mongolia, southwest forest areas including Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, and southern forest areas. The production in the first two forest areas is relatively concentrated. China's forest fruit output is about 20 million tons, the commodity rate is very high, the logistics is difficult, and the requirements for logistics technology are also high. Its distribution is that Shandong and Northeast China are concentrated apple producing areas, while Shandong, Hebei, Anhui and other local pears are more. Citrus is mainly produced in Sichuan, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Fujian, and grapes are mainly produced in northwest, northeast and north China. 4. Animal husbandry. Animal husbandry can not only provide raw materials for light industry, chemical industry, leather industry and pharmaceutical industry, but also provide meat, eggs and milk food for people's lives. China's animal husbandry area is located in parts of northwest, north and southwest, and it is a region with high commodity rate. In addition, China is planning to build a number of animal husbandry bases, which greatly improves the commercialization rate of the bases, and these bases also have a greater demand for logistics. The main bases are: meadow grassland on both sides of Daxinganling, which is the production base of beef cattle, dairy cows and fine wool; Altay, Tacheng and Yili in northern Xinjiang are the production bases of fine-wool sheep, mutton sheep and service horses. Qing: The eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a production base for cattle and sheep; The semi-agricultural and pastoral areas in North China and Northwest China are the production bases of fine-wool sheep and meat cattle and sheep. 5. Aquaculture. Aquaculture mainly provides all kinds of aquatic products for people's lives, and can also provide industrial and handicraft raw materials such as arts and crafts and chemicals. China's freshwater aquaculture industry is relatively scattered, and its products are generally sold locally, which mainly requires short-distance logistics and has strong flexibility. A batch is not large, but there are many batches, and time and speed are strict. The main producing areas of mariculture in China are Zhoushan Fishing Ground, Beibu Gulf Fishing Ground and Bohai Fishing Ground. The total amount is about 4 million tons, and the commodity rate is very high. Most of them enter the field of logistics and take some forms of distribution processing, which requires higher logistics technology. Second, raw materials, materials and fuel industries Environment and logistics The raw materials, materials and fuel industries are the basic industries in China's industrial structure, and they are also important industries for producing means of production. 1. Metallurgical industry. Metallurgical industry includes ferrous metallurgy mining and dressing, nonferrous metallurgy mining and dressing, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing. Its final products are mainly steel materials and various non-ferrous metal materials. Many metallurgical mines, ferrous and non-ferrous metal mining and dressing products, do not enter the social circulation field. Mines and factories belong to the same enterprise or enterprise group and supply internally, so there is more internal logistics in enterprises. Its main logistics features are large volume, low technical requirements and low freight carrying capacity. The final products of metallurgical industry are steel and non-ferrous metal materials. China's steel output has reached nearly 100 million tons, almost all of which have entered the social circulation field, requiring a lot of logistics. Relatively speaking, the total logistics volume of non-ferrous metals is not as good as that of ferrous metals, but its freight carrying capacity is higher and the requirements for logistics are higher. The main iron and steel industrial bases are Beijing, Anshan, Benxi, Baotou, Shanghai, Maanshan, Wuhan and Ferry. The main producing areas of nonferrous metals are Shanghai, Liaoning, Gansu, Hunan and Yunnan. China's large iron and steel industrial bases all have the ability to comprehensively produce a variety of black materials and related auxiliary materials, and also have some special products. Angang's large profiles, steel pipes, heavy rails, hot rolled plates and other products have their own characteristics. The quality of cold-rolled plates produced by Shanghai Baoshan and Wuhan Iron and Steel Company is very good, and they are large-scale production bases of cold-rolled plates in China. At present, large cold rolling mills in China are installed there. In addition, hot rolled sheets, galvanized sheets and tinned sheets; Silicon steel sheet is also a specialty of WISCO. Baotou Steel is an important base of rare earth steel production in China. Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan iron and steel industrial base mainly produces construction steel and special steel. Shanghai iron and steel industrial base is a multi-variety steel producing area in China, which plays an important role in making up for the defects of steel varieties in China. The main products are section steel, steel pipe, cold-rolled plate and special steel. 2. Chemical industry. The chemical industry includes many industries, mainly producing chemical raw materials, with a large total amount, and relatively speaking, the amount of a single variety is slightly smaller. The demand for logistics is characterized by higher requirements for logistics quality and logistics technology. In particular, all kinds of dangerous goods produced in chemical industry have special technical requirements for logistics. The main producing areas of sulfuric acid are Nanjing, Dalian, Zhuzhou, Huludao, Baiyin and Kaifeng. The main producing areas of nitric acid are Lanzhou, Jilin, Hunan, Luzhou and Taiyuan. The main producing areas of hydrochloric acid are Shanghai and Tianjin. The main producing areas of soda ash are Shanghai, Liaoning, Tianjin, Jiangsu and Shandong. The main producers of nitrogen fertilizer are Chengdu, Luzhou, Shengli, Cangzhou, Liaohe, Daqing, Yueyang and Guangzhou. Nanjing, Anqing, Zhijiang, Anbian, Chishui, Jilin, Dalian and Shijiazhuang. Petrochemical industry is a new industry developed in China after 1970s. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, many sets of large-scale equipment were introduced, which made the petrochemical industry develop greatly. On the one hand, petrochemical industry carries out petroleum refining, on the other hand, it provides a series of chemical raw materials for basic organic synthesis industry through petroleum processing, and at the same time carries out a series of synthetic deep processing. The main petrochemical industries in China are as follows: Daqing is a super-large petrochemical base in China, which not only provides a variety of vinyl organic synthetic raw materials, but also provides a large number of trees and fertilizers. Liaoyang: It mainly provides chemical fiber raw materials and produces fibers. Beijing: It is a large petrochemical base in China, producing ethylene series products and fertilizers. Nanjing area: including Yizheng, Jinling and Yangzi petrochemical bases, mainly producing ethylene series products, fertilizers, synthetic fibers and synthetic detergents. Shanghai: It mainly provides raw materials for vinyl organic synthesis. Yueyang: It mainly produces synthetic fibers. Qilu: It mainly provides raw materials for vinyl organic synthesis. In addition, Fushun, Maoming, Cangzhou and Urumqi are also large oil refining bases in China. 3. Building materials industry. Building materials industry is a basic material industry, including the production of general civil building materials, as well as the production of new non-metallic materials and non-metallic minerals. The product characteristics of building materials industry are "large quantity and heavy weight". Several industrial products of building materials are valuable products. Generally speaking, a large number of building materials products have great demand for logistics and certain requirements for logistics technology, but the affordability of logistics costs is low, so logistics is often looking for the best result between logistics losses and costs. The main product cement has exceeded 400 million tons, most of which have a small logistics scope, and some batches have a logistics radius of more than several hundred kilometers. The main producing areas are Tangshan, Xuzhou, Ningguo, Beijing, Nanjing, Liaoning, Jiangsu and Shandong. The output of flat glass ranks first in the world. The main producing areas are Luoyang, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai and Zhuzhou; Bengbu; Lanzhou, Kunming, Taiyuan and so on. 4. Coal industry. It is the largest energy industry and basic energy in China. The coal industry is characterized by a large number of products, so the demand for logistics volume is very high. In the coal output of nearly 1.22 billion tons, the commodity rate is also very high, and it is the largest industrial product in China's social logistics. However, due to the low unit price of coal, the affordability of logistics costs is also low. Coal is a mineral product, so it is difficult to unify the quality and specifications. Therefore, coal has been widely developed in distribution processing. The main producing areas with high commercialization rate of coal in China are: northern coal areas centered on Shanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi and other provinces; This is the production area with the largest external traffic volume and the greatest demand for logistics; Northeast coal-producing areas, although with high output, are all used in this area; East China coal mining area centered on Huaihe River is of great significance to solve the energy demand in East China. Southwest coal-producing area centered on Guizhou and northwest coal-producing area dominated by Xinjiang. 5. Oil industry. The product form of petroleum industry is special, which has special requirements for logistics. The output is nearly 65.438+0.4 billion tons, and the logistics demand is also great. At present, China adopts the logistics mode of oil pipeline, tanker and ship cooperation. Third, the equipment industry environment and logistics equipment industry is an industry that provides labor means for the development of China's productive forces and is the core industry of the national economy. At the same time, the equipment industry also provides various mechanical and electrical products to people's lives. 1. Industrial equipment manufacturing. Industrial equipment manufacturing refers to the manufacturing of machinery and equipment needed by the industrial sector of the national economy. The main products are heavy machinery, general machinery, machine tools, tools, instruments, power machinery and special equipment. This is the largest category in the equipment industry, so the demand for logistics is also great. Industrial equipment also requires higher logistics technology and quality assurance, which is much higher than the usual raw materials and materials, so logistics is more difficult. Compared with the usual raw materials and materials, the price of industrial equipment with the same unit weight is much higher than the former, so the burden of logistics cost is stronger. The main distribution is as follows: (1) heavy machinery manufacturing. Mainly distributed in Shanghai, Shenyang, Fulaerji, Deyang, Taiyuan, Beijing, Tianjin, Luoyang and Hengyang. (2) General machinery manufacturing. Mainly distributed in Shanghai, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Guangdong. (3) Machine tool manufacturing. Mainly distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Jinan, Chongqing, Chengdu and Harbin. . (4) Instrument manufacturing. Mainly distributed in Shanghai, Chongqing, Xi, Harbin, Nanjing, Beijing and Dexing. (5) Power generation equipment manufacturing industry. Mainly distributed in Harbin, Shanghai, Sichuan, Beijing, Wuhan and Tianjin. 2. Agricultural machinery manufacturing. It is an industry that provides equipment and tools for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery, mainly distributed in Luoyang, Shanghai, Tianjin, Anshan, Nanchang, Zhou Ke, Liuzhou and Changchun. 3. Lifting and transportation machinery manufacturing industry. It is an industry that provides some equipment and tools for logistics. If packaging machinery, storage machinery and other manufacturing industries are added, all logistics machinery manufacturing industries will be formed. The railway vehicle manufacturing industry is mainly distributed in Beijing, Dalian, Qingdao, Tang, Datong, Qishuyan, Zhuzhou, Ziyang, Changchun, Qiqihar, Puzhen, Wuchang, Meishan and Xi 'an. Automobile manufacturing is mainly distributed in Changchun, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan, Xiangfan, Shenyang, Chongqing and other places. Shipbuilding is mainly distributed in Shanghai, Dalian, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Qingdao, Wuhan and other places. Aircraft manufacturing is mainly distributed in Shanghai, Xi, Shenyang, Chengdu, Nanchang and other places. Four. Light industry environment and logistics Light industry is a processing industry sector that mainly produces and consumes materials, including textiles, food, paper, medicine, daily necessities, civil electromechanical products and other industries. Light industrial products are characterized by a variety of colors, and the color batch of each variety is relatively small, which generally has the characteristics of high quality requirements, precision, vulnerability and pollution. The total amount of all light industrial products is large, and the logistics cost is also high. Therefore, its demand for logistics is mainly the quality of logistics, and the voice of reducing costs is not strong. The main distribution is: 1. Textile industry. Distribution is very common, but there is also a certain degree of concentration. China's main textile regions include Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui regions with Shanghai as the center, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi regions with Wuhan as the center, Sichuan Basin region with Chongqing as the center, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with Tianjin as the center, Shandong region with Qingdao and Jinan as the center, Henan region with Zhengzhou as the center, Shanxi region with Shanxi as the center, Beijing region, northeast region and northwest region. Among them, the major cotton textile cities are Shanghai, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou and Wuhan; Man-made wool spinning cities and regions include Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Liaoning and Qinghai; The big silk spinning cities and regions are Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao, Dalian, Wuxi, Zhuzhou, Yiyang and Heilongjiang. Chemical fiber cities and regions include Shanghai, Liaoning, Yizheng, Pingxiang Mountain, Dandong, Baoding, Beijing and other places. 2. Food industry. Including grain processing industry, petroleum industry, sugar industry, cigarette industry, tea industry and wine industry, these industries provide a lot of profits and taxes for our country. The characteristic of this industry is that compared with heavy industry, the industrial scale is small, but the distribution is scattered. Among them, the main tobacco production enterprises are located in Shanghai, Tianjin, Kunming and Qingdao; Famous teas are mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places. The main producers of Mingsha are located in Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi and other places. 3. Paper industry. The main producing areas are distributed in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanghai, Shandong, Fujian, Tianjin, Guangzhou and other places. 4. Home appliance industry. The main producing areas are widely distributed in Shanghai, Changzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Nanjing and other large and medium-sized cities. Material industry environment 1. Market distribution of means of production. (1) Supply market of means of production. General means of production have a large production scale, so the supply market is concentrated. Its law is that mining areas and big cities are the main supply markets, and some open cities and coastal cities are the main import supply markets. The main product supply markets are as follows: ① Steel supply market. Liaoning province is the largest supply market, in addition to Shanghai, Beijing, Baotou, Wuhan, ferry and other places; Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places are import supply markets. ② Wood supply market. Northern Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang are the largest timber supply markets in China, and there are also Fujian, namely Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. ③ Cement supply market. Due to the scattered distribution of cement production capacity, the supply market concentration is not high. The main supply markets are Liaoning, Henan, Hebei, Anhui and other places; The main export market is Guangdong. ④ chemical fertilizer. The main supply markets are Sichuan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Yunnan and Guizhou. ⑤ car. The supply markets of trucks are mainly Jilin and Hubei, in addition to Jinan, Beijing, Shenyang and other places; The light vehicle supply market includes Beijing, Shanghai, Changchun, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other places. The supply market of other means of production is basically concentrated in the place of origin. . (2) the means of production sales market. The distribution of the means of production sales market is as follows: the agricultural means of production sales market is very common, but in terms of sales volume and per capita sales volume, it is mainly concentrated in northeast and coastal provinces and inland provinces such as Henan, Sichuan and Hubei. The northwest, west and southwest markets are smaller. The sales market of industrial means of production is usually concentrated in big cities and generally depends on the scale of investment, so it is unstable. Once the large-scale investment is over, some production materials markets will converge rapidly. In recent years, the sales markets are concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Xi, Nanjing and other large and medium-sized cities. 2. The flow of means of production. The requirement of reasonable flow direction is mainly reflected in the field of production materials with large quantities, varieties, specifications and few colors, such as fertilizer, cement and wood. Although the total amount of some means of production is large, there are many varieties and specifications, and the number allocated to a single variety and specification is relatively small, so it is difficult to distinguish the reasonable flow direction of different varieties and specifications. (1) fertilizer flow direction. The basic flow direction is: Sichuan nitrogen fertilizer flows to Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Guizhou and Inner Mongolia, Shandong nitrogen fertilizer flows to Hebei, Shanxi, northern Henan and northern Jiangsu, Jiangsu nitrogen fertilizer flows to Anhui, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, Shanghai nitrogen fertilizer flows to Zhejiang, Anhui and Guangxi, and phosphorus fertilizer basically flows from south to north. (2) Wood flow direction. The basic flow direction is: the northeast special timber (such as Korean pine and white pine) flows to the whole country, the general timber flows to North China, Central South China, West China and East China, the southern timber is basically based on local materials, and the southwestern timber flows to South China and other places. (3) cement flow direction. The basic flow direction is: except for local use, some cement in Northeast China is transported to the south, some cement in Henan is transported to the north, some cement in Shandong is transported to the south, some cement in Gansu is transported to the east and west, some cement in Sichuan and Guizhou is transported to the north, and cement in Guangdong is transported to the south. (4) the flow direction of coal. Coal from Shanxi and Inner Mongolia is transported eastward and southward along several railways such as Daqin, Jishi, Taijiao-Jiaozhi and Jingguang. Some of them are transported to the south or exported after boarding, and Guizhou coal is transported to the east. Coal in other areas is generally used nearby. Storage Industry Environment The storage industry in China can also be called storage and transportation industry. In addition to warehousing, it also includes a small amount of automobile transportation, but mainly warehousing. The transportation business in China is mainly undertaken by the transportation industry rather than the storage and transportation industry. Transportation in the storage and transportation industry mainly includes: 1. Pick-up and delivery transportation. The transportation tools in the storage and transportation industry bear the burden of picking up and delivering goods from stations, ports to warehouses, and also bear the burden of delivering goods to users. 2. Internal transportation. Transportation in warehouses and transportation industry; 3. Shipping agency and management. 4. Undertake social transportation unrelated to warehousing. This kind of situation is generally rare. There are five systems in China warehousing industry: (1) military warehousing industry. In recent years, the storage of military materials has also been partially opened to the public. (2) foreign trade warehousing industry. Store foreign trade and imported materials, and also engage in the storage and transportation of general product circulation in foreign trade production bases. (3) commerce, supply and marketing, grain storage and transportation. Collectively referred to as the commercial storage and transportation industry, it is the most widely distributed storage and transportation industry in China. Mainly responsible for the storage and transportation of commercial materials. (4) Material storage and transportation industry. China is a professional storage and transportation industry in the production materials system. It is mainly used for storage and transit of various means of production in national distribution, regional distribution and market circulation, and it is a huge storage and transportation system in China. (5) Township storage and transportation industry. Is a new army in China warehousing industry in recent years, mainly concentrated in the port area and near large transportation hubs, mainly engaged in consignment business. The distribution of the productivity of China's storage and transportation industry is that, except for the relative concentration of military areas, a considerable number of military storage and transportation industries are scattered in mountainous areas, scattered areas and cave areas, with large storage and transportation capacity and certain social utilization capacity. The productivity of foreign trade storage and transportation industry is mainly distributed in foreign trade port areas, which plays the role of foreign trade regulation and warehousing. Commercial storage and transportation (including grain storage and transportation), there are a number of regional storage and transportation companies in China, whose storage and transportation capacity is almost all over provinces, cities and regions, and even goes deep into rural areas and towns, which are widely distributed, but mainly concentrated in large and medium-sized cities. The material storage and transportation industry has set up storage and transportation companies according to large regions in China, and there are also big warehouse. General storage and transportation warehouses are also distributed in various provinces and cities, but less in towns and villages.