The vocabulary of modern Russian is very rich and complex. Mastering words is a difficult point in Russian learning, which is difficult to learn and remember. However, if we understand the characteristics of Russian word formation, the meaning and usage of prefixes, master some basic prefixes, and combine Russian learning, it will be of great help to expand our vocabulary and play a good role in memorizing words.

Russian word-formation prefix memory words

For Russian learning, the most basic and important thing is to remember a large number of words. However, Russian has a large vocabulary, and memorizing words is a nerve-racking and necessary thing. Affix is an important means of word formation in Russian. With this method, we can form the same root words of different parts of speech. In word formation, prefixes play an important role in the formation and derivation of words, so we can remember a large number of words faster and more effectively through prefixes.

Words in Russian can be broken down into several parts, and each part has a specific meaning, which is called morpheme. Russian morphemes mainly include root, prefix, suffix and suffix. The prefix is located before the root, giving it extra lexical meaning or another grammatical meaning. In the process of studying and preparing for the exam, in the face of so many words, it is obviously not feasible to simply memorize. Using prefix memory is a good method, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. When you remember words with prefixes, you must understand the meaning of prefixes.

1. indicates the prefix of negative or antonym.

"не-"is added before nouns to mean "no", such as "нелюбов10/000" (I don't like it), and "\ in modern Russian"

Second, the prefix means "no"

"без-/бес-"is added before the noun, and its suffix is "-ие", "-ье" and "-ица".

Third, the prefix indicating the degree

"раз-/рас-"and "пре-"are added before adjectives or nouns and verbs to strengthen the degree and express "extraordinary" and "extremely".

1."раз-/рас-"

For example, развесёлый (very happy) and распекк.

2."пре-"

For example, "прегрубый" (very rude and extremely uncivilized), "предбр"

4. Prefix of orientation and attitude

"против-"and "aнти-" are added before nouns and adjectives, indicating "opposition", "hostility" and "defense".

1."против-"

For example, "противоток", "противо"

2. "A нти-"

For example, "антигемонист" (anti-hegemonist), "A нти"

Five, said the location of the prefix

1."между-"

It means "between" before adjectives, such as "медународный" (international).

2."под-"

It is added before nouns, meaning "Xia": "подснова" (basic reason) and "подсннн".

3."супер-"

It means "above" before nouns or adjectives: "суперавиация" (ultra-high-altitude aviation), "ст"

4."транс-"

Constructive adjectives mean "crossing" and "shifting", such as: "трансатлантическк"

5."внутри-"

Before adjectives, it means "inside" and "inside", such as "внутриатомный" (within the atom) and "й"

6."за-"

Form nouns or adjectives that mean "over there", "behind" and "over there", such as "заречье" (the place across the river) and "за"

6. Prefix indicating time

1."пост-"forms an adjective or noun, meaning "later" and "later".

For example, "постинекцио? нный "(after infection)," постсоветский "(post-Soviet Union)

2. "до-"constitutes an adjective or noun, which means "before"

For example, "доистория" (prehistoric), "довоеный"

There are many common prefixes in Russian words. For example, "в-"is used to form verbs that mean "enter", "inward" and "inward", such as "входить" and "\" such as ". In the usual Russian learning, we must be good at observing, discovering, summarizing in time and applying it to practice.

As can be seen from the above examples, there are many words with the same prefix in Russian vocabulary. Remembering the meaning of the prefix and then remembering the stem is equivalent to remembering twice as many words. And the understanding of stem will be deeper. Therefore, learning to use prefixes is an effective way to increase vocabulary. Once the meaning of the prefix is clear, the number of words memorized will be much less. Russian vocabulary is rich, and the degree of vocabulary mastery can explain the degree of Russian learning in a certain sense. Language is developing, so are affixes. While learning to use a language, if we can master affixes as a tool to form new words, we can expand our vocabulary more conveniently and quickly, clear the obstacles in learning, and thus deepen Russian learning.

References:

Zhang Jiahua. General theory of Russian in the new period [M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 2006.

[2] Niu Guiling. Affix word formation and scientific memory of vocabulary [J]. Journal of Henan Vocational and Technical Teachers College, 2003, (3).

[3] Li Yujuan. On the skills of guessing new words in Russian reading [J]. Russian learning, 200 1.

[4] Xu Yongyi. A Dynamic Study on Semantic Expression of Russian Word Formation [J]. journal of suihua university, 2009.