"Soviet philosophy textbook system", "Stalin dogma system" or "tradition"
System "and so on. From these formulas, we can easily see that people are interested in this system.
Reflection and theoretical breakthrough. Of course, all this is based on
Based on people's understanding of what is "Marxist philosophy system".
On the basis of thinking, but at the same time, the more fundamental reason is: I
China's current Marxist philosophy system comes directly from the Soviet Mark.
Philosophical thinking system. In this way, we are interested in the content of Mark in Soviet philosophy.
It is very important to sort out the discussion of the philosophical system of thinking.
Important theoretical and practical significance.
First, the formation of the Soviet Marxist philosophy system
Usually people compare the Soviet Marxist philosophy system with Stalin.
The reason is: Stalin's dialectical materialism
The textbook "A Theory of Justice and Historical Materialism" is constructed by Marxist philosophy.
This theoretical system has influenced the whole historical period. Actually, Si
Dalin's thought is not a theoretical "castle in the air", but direct.
Originated from the thoughts of Lenin and plekhanov.
Lenin called it plekhanov "from a thorough dialectical point of view"
Materialism is the only sign of criticizing revisionists' "platitudes"
Thinker "[1] (P3 1), with his" On the Development of Historical View "
(1895) "It is extremely perfect and valuable for dialectical materialism.
Painstaking management ","trained a whole generation of Russian Marxists.
"[2] (P67) [3] (P308), his thoughts are undoubtedly of great significance to Lenin and Stalin.
Lin's thoughts have far-reaching influence.
Plekhanov was an early official user of dialectical materialism.
A philosopher who generalizes the Marxist philosophy system in scientific terms.
In his view, the latest materialism is the real science of dialectical materialism.
Solve the basic problems of philosophy, so it is the only thorough and first.
Incorporate into the philosophical system. He said, "The materialistic world of Marx and Engels."
The world outlook includes nature and history. No matter in nature
Or in terms of history, this world view is "dialectical".
This adjective does not show the characteristics of materialism, but shows.
This is to explain. [4] (P3 1 1) plekhanov
On other occasions, this meaning has other different expressions.
To say that historical materialism is only a materialistic argument based on the "universe"
The application of proof method in sociology. To this end, he stressed that "there is
Date of receipt: 200 1-06-25.
1
Just a' system'-dialectical materialism system, in this body.
There are both political economics and historical materialism in the department.
Scientific explanations and many other things. "[4] (P 106) in this way," dialectical.
"Materialism" has almost become synonymous with Marxist philosophy system.
Words. His thoughts directly influenced Lenin.
In Materialism and Positive Criticism published by 1909,
Lenin expounded Marxist philosophy in the process of criticizing Mahism.
Theoretical system, especially its epistemological system, Lenin pointed out that Mark
Philosophy of thought as a whole is composed of "a whole piece of steel", in which "affirmation"
Don't delete any basic premise, any important part, no
But will leave the objective truth "[5 [5] (P332—335). 1913—1917, column
Ning in his "Three Sources and Components of Marxism", "Karl
-Marx summarized and summarized the theoretical system of Marxism.
Several components of Marxist philosophy system are clearly expounded.
Key points: materialism, dialectics, materialist view of history and class struggle
Fight. Later, in Notes on Philosophy, Lenin put forward some philosophical systems.
The outline of "The Elements of Dialectics" can be said to be Marxism.
The rudiment of the philosophical system. [6] (P276) He clearly pointed out for the first time that "in the' information'.
In this paper, the logic, dialectics and epistemology of materialism [unnecessary
Three words: they are the same thing] all apply to the same subject.
study [6] (P290) This provides us with the construction of Marxist philosophy.
The Basic Principles of System-Logic, Dialectics and Understanding of Materialism
Epistemology is "the same thing".
It can be seen that both plekhanov and Lenin emphasized dialectics as a whole.
The significance of Marxist philosophy system; Everyone thinks that history is unique.
Materialism is regarded as the application of dialectics in the historical field. The difference is that,
The former emphasizes materialism while the latter emphasizes dialectics.
noodle In addition, Lenin emphasized the integrity of Marxist philosophy.
Didn't straighten out the Marxist philosophy system like plekhanov did.
At that time, it was called "dialectical materialism system", but it put forward the symbol of its establishment.
The task of thinking philosophy system, and formulated many theoretical standards for this.
Preparation work. All these have established a Marxist philosophy system for Stalin.
Provided the conditions.
In 1930s, Stalin's dialectical materialism and calendar
Historical materialism ",Marxist philosophy is divided into two parts in content.
Dialectics (summarized as four characteristics) and materialism (summarized as three aspects)
Surface) and historical materialism (that is, historical materialism is dialectical materialism.
The promotion and application of socialism in the field of social history), and adopted.
Use monotonous narrative methods: always describe the basic principles first, and then use them.
Examples of the body illustrate the principle. This book was originally written as "Soviet Union"
* * * For the content, please refer to the second quarter of Chapter 4 of A Concise Course on the History of the Production Party (Bolshevik). After ...
Published in the form of a single book, plus the above title, was immediately
Known as "the pinnacle of Marxist philosophy", after that, most philosophers in the Soviet Union
The learning textbook is based on this, Dialectical Materialism and Calendar.
Historical materialism has also become synonymous with Marxist philosophy system.
The Marxist philosophy system of the Soviet model is marked by this.
Form.
Investigate its formation process, especially its theoretical source-PU.
Lekhanov and Lenin's thoughts, it is not difficult to find:
First of all, the content of Marxist philosophy system is divided into
Three parts, namely dialectics, materialism and historical materialism, and
It was not Stalin's initiative, but Lenin's writing "Three Marxists"
Sources and three components, Karl Marx and other philosophies.
In the monograph, it is also clearly arranged: philosophical materialism, dialectics,
The order of historical materialism, the later Soviet philosophers basically
Follow Lenin's method of expounding Marxist philosophy system and write.
Many weighty textbooks and monographs on Marxist philosophy have been published. this
Anarchism or Socialism Written by Dalin 1906? "just
It already includes three parts: dialectical method, materialist theory,
"Proletarian socialism" has a systematic connection with dialectical materialism.
It is similar to historical materialism.
Secondly, Stalin discussed the four basic characteristics of dialectics respectively.
Sign (contact, movement change, development and contradiction theory), but also with Lenin.
Dialectics is inseparable from the discussion of ideas, but Lenin's "dialectics"
The thought of "being the core" is unilaterally understood as "dialectics is the method"; And will
Materialism is summarized as three basic characteristics, which directly comes from Lenin.
The first three chapters of materialism and empiricism criticism are listed here.
Ning talked about three basic issues of materialism: matter and consciousness.
What is the first, the knowability of matter and the origin of the world. These three
The problem is precisely the three basic characteristics of materialism summarized by Stalin.
The only difference is the change of order.
Third, when discussing the historical materialism in detail, Stalin made the following remarks.
One definition: "Historical materialism is the original dialectical materialism.
In order to promote the study of social life, the principle of dialectical materialism should be
Apply it to social life phenomena, apply it to society, and study social calendars.
History. "This" promotion theory "is also a hot spot of Stalin's later criticism.
Point, however, we must know that this promotion is from Pride.
Application of Hanov and Lenin. Plekhanov in "On monism"
The Development of Historical View and Historical Materialism Series have been talked about many times.
To applied theory; And Lenin 19 13 "three Marxism"
Source and three components, it clearly wrote: "Marx."
Deepen and develop philosophical materialism and make it a complete materialism.
Marxist philosophy is human's materialistic understanding of nature.
Social consciousness. Marx's historical materialism is a scientific thought.
The greatest achievement. [5] (P443) Contrast Stalin and plekhanov.
Ning's exposition shows that there is not much difference between the two in principle, so it can be seen that there are four.
Lin's inheritance from two predecessors.
Finally, and most importantly, Stalin directly regarded Marx as the Lord.
The philosophical system of righteousness has evolved from "dialectical materialism" to "dialectical materialism"
The system of materialism and historical materialism also comes from Plekhano.
Dave and Lenin. Because 1906 is writing Anarchism or Society.
Doctrine? ",Stalin was deeply influenced by plekhanov, think:
2
"Marxism is a philosophical system, this philosophical body.
Department is called dialectical materialism. ""Why is it called dialectical materialism?
And then what? Because its method is dialectical and its theory is materialistic.
Yes [7] (P274) (The latter sentence is related to "dialectical materialism and historical materialism"
The same is true of materialism. ) Also because of plekhanov and Lenin,
In particular, the latter repeatedly emphasized the integrity of Marxist philosophy system.
As mentioned above, Stalin, as a student, will certainly inherit the former.
People's thoughts and even methods of discussion provide dialectical materialism.
Systematic model of Marxist historical materialism: putting Marxist philosophy
Clearly divided into dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
Divided into dialectics, materialism and historical materialism. exist
In this "plate structure", dialectics is the method and materialism is the reason.
Historical materialism is dialectical materialism in the field of social history.
The promotion of.
To sum up, the biggest feature of the institutional model provided by Stalin.
That is, "the theory of popularization" and "the theory of plates", which are all in different degrees.
Judging from the thoughts of plekhanov and Lenin, there is only Karl Marx.
Dalin's misunderstanding of them.
In fact, throughout the Soviet philosophy in the 1920s and 1930s, due to machinery
In the two debates with Deborah School, almost all philosophical monographs
At this time, textbooks are special topics, dialectics, materialism and calendars.
It is not surprising that historical materialism has been discussed in blocks. Starting with the earliest cloth
Harlem's Historical Materialism (192 1 year) and Shilokov's Dialectics
Materialism (193 1 year), dialectical materialism and calendar to Miding.
Historical materialism "(I, 1932), Rosenthal's materialist dialectics.
Method "(1936), the Soviet philosopher in this period is indeed.
Dialectics, materialism and historical materialism are divided into independent research courses.
Write a book on this topic. The dialectical materialist written by Stalin 1938
Righteousness and historical materialism cannot but be influenced by these monographs. the latter
As long as all the components are put together, Lenin's
Put forward the construction of Marxist philosophical theory system "a whole piece of steel"
Service, and reveal the internal relations of each component of "a whole piece of steel". only
Yes, it seems that this task has not been successfully completed, and it can even be.
So there are many problems.
Second, the Soviet model of the evolution of Marxist philosophy system
We often refer to Stalin's institutional model as the Soviet institutional model.
Type, is to illustrate its huge and far-reaching influence. After that, something like that
All Marxist philosophy textbooks are based on Stalin system.
Standards, and this situation is not because of Stalin's death.
The criticism of him in the world and later period is over. But it's like a Soviet philosopher.
Yevgeny Grave said in his History of Soviet Philosophy, "No..
"It is an exaggeration to say that the Soviet Union's Marxist philosophy has not made any progress.
In the world, there are many philosophers with great courage during and after this period.
Point out the shortcomings and defects of Stalin's system, and try to learn from different
To construct a new Marxist philosophy that they think is more scientific.
Learning system, their theoretical activities constitute the Soviet Marxist philosophy.
The evolutionary space of learning systems, if they are excluded from the theoretical circle.
Beyond the limit, from a historical point of view, it will be unfair. ”[ 8 ] (P 135)
This evolution process has continued from the 1940s to the present.
In the 1970s and 1980s, it was Kade who was able to break through Stalin's system.
Love and Kopnin are representatives of "epistemology". The former comes from Stalin.
Based on the discussion method and specific content, we are against Stalinist style.
Department; The latter even suggested that the Marxist philosophy system is not only dialectical.
Materialism and historical materialism, but epistemology.
As early as 1947, Kadyrov began to oppose Stalin.
The systematic discussion method of "principle plus example" 1955, he is in the title.
Report on "Several Basic Philosophical Problems in Natural Science"
It is pointed out for the second time: "The shortcoming of the existing dialectical materialism works is that there is no
It is wrong to deeply understand Lenin's instructions.
Mistakes are nothing but dogmatism in dealing with problems.
Degree ". [9] 1977, in the title "On the narrative method of dialectics-
From the abstract to the concrete, he pointed out that the philosophical system (especially
It is a dialectical system) The academic method should be to find out its essence first.
Cell ",and then take this" cell "as a starting point to study its highest level and the most hairy.
Reach the form and finally form a theoretical system. Of course, his idea was influenced.
To the opposition of most philosophers in the Soviet Union, including Midin and Alexander.
Love and Constantine's fierce opposition, they made it up.
A series of textbooks are basically provided in strict accordance with Stalin.
System description method, that is, first describe the principle, and then add examples. but
In Kadyrov's view, this did not strictly and thoroughly follow Lenin's custom.
Based on the idea that dialectics, logic and materialist epistemology are consistent,
Therefore, it is impossible to complete Lenin's materialist dialectics and even the whole.
Systematic task of Marxist philosophy.
Kadlof also criticized the specific structure of Stalin's system.
Comment. He said that Stalin's pamphlet structure should be abandoned and elaborated systematically.
Dialectical materialism, a scientific book, "must not take dialectics first."
Four characteristics of method and three characteristics of philosophical materialism.
Structure "to arrange, if you do this, many heavy dialectical materialism.
Lack of due attention to content and category (such as negation of negation)
The law has long been ignored). In his article "The Law of Negation of Negation"
This paper discusses in detail the negation law of negation in materialist dialectics.
Should occupy the position. This is actually a "plate knot" of the Stalin system.
Structure "criticism of simplicity, and try to break through this plate, fill in.
Fill in the new contents.
Among the monotonous narrative methods and simple points of Stalin's system
Block "system" structure, Kadyrov further pointed out that
Come out, the serious defects of Stalin system are: dialectics and materialism.
Before Marxism was divided and treated by nihilism.
Philosophy and "underestimating Lenin's philosophical heritage", he believes, according to
Lenin's thought of the unity of dialectics, logic and epistemology means
We can't put aside the issue of epistemology and put forward philosophy from the perspective of pure methodology.
The problem of learning can not be completely set aside from the problem of cognitive methods and proceed from epistemology.
three
Ask questions on the website. This puts forward his consistent view: you can't deny the argument.
Proof is logic and epistemology.
Kadyrov's thought was supported and developed by Kopnin.
Exhibition. 1962, Kopnin criticized it in a philosophical seminar.
The present situation of little research on scientific epistemology; 197 1 year, he is in
In the article "Marxism–Leninism's epistemology and modern science", it is put forward that
Materialist dialectics must be used as an open system to adapt to new conditions.
Change its form. This problem does not belong to the category of Marxist philosophy.
Make individual changes in the department, but "make more modern scientific knowledge."
Basic and more comprehensive philosophical synthesis leads to the development and enrichment of materialism.
All the laws and categories of dialectics ",including putting forward a new paradigm.
Domain. He published Dialectics as Logic and Epistemology in 1973.
Introduction to Law, Dialectics, Logic, Science and Marxist Epistemology
"On" is to analyze the category structure of modern natural science knowledge.
Set out to formulate the system of materialist dialectics. He said: "Marxism-Leninism is the Lord.
Philosophy of righteousness is not only a world outlook and method, but also an epistemology. ""worldview as
Method and epistemology play a role, all the rules of Marxist philosophy.
Laws and categories are the same, they have objective contents and are regarded as recognition.
Methods and theories of understanding realistic phenomena. ""As a world outlook and method.
All Marxist philosophy is also epistemology "[10] (P37-38). scientific popularization
Ning believes that "Marxist philosophy does not move the laws of nature."
And society will not transfer the laws of society to nature.
Instead of moving social laws into nature and becoming universal laws, it is
The knowledge of social laws is to discover the universal laws of nature and society.
Necessary premise "; Dialectical materialism does not directly study existence. "
And its form, but treat them as emotional, material and revolutionary.
Life is the object of critical practical activities, so it is also the research object of social development.
Exhibition law, so it is also historical materialism, it is theoretically.
On the Debate of * * * as a Social Thought. Okay, Kopnin,
In the sense of epistemology, historical materialism and dialectical materialism are unified.
Righteousness is regarded as the same thing, and they are about the law of existence.
And the theory of "the logic of capital letters". This is obviously aimed at Sri Lanka.
The breakthrough of "popularization theory" of Dalin system is more important to "dialectical materialism"
And historical materialism ". No wonder his opponent
Miding and Constantine accused him of trying to put Marxist philosophy
Learning only comes down to logic and epistemology; There is no emphasis on Marxist philosophy
The worldview significance of learning.
But Kopnin was not intimidated by his opponent, he and
Like Kadyrov, despite relentless criticism (especially in the early days
Period), but he has always insisted on his own point of view. Because * * * has the same theoretical purport,
The two men supported each other many times and agreed on Marxist philosophy.
Many important theoretical problems of the Science and Technology Department are different from Stalin's system.
Viewpoint: For example, the object of Marxist philosophy (whether it is "integration"
One world "? Kopnin and others are against it. Look at Kadyrov.
"The whole world" is the object of Marxist philosophy.
Moscow 1979) and its related Marxist philosophy and
The relationship between natural science (Kopnin and others think that if natural science
Without providing necessary materials for philosophy, philosophy can only use its own.
Means is a fabrication of abstract thinking. See Kopnin's scientific understanding.
Basis and logical basis "Moscow 1974, p. 387), real
Practice and Cognition (Kopnin thinks that practice and cognition are unified,
Practice itself is the element of cognition, and cognition is the activity of practice.
Component, which is the same as defining practice as human beings transforming the world around them.
Material activities are very different), people's problems (Kopnin is the most
One of the early Soviet philosophers who paid attention to the study of human problems, he said, "The world.
The object of view is the relationship between man and the world around him, trying to solve the problem.
In the relationship between the surrounding nature, in the same movement of nature.
Understanding of universal laws is closely related to human problems ",the world.
Concepts include basic problems of philosophy, development view and historical view, among which
"In the final analysis, it is subordinate to the solution of people and their existing problems."
Absolutely. "See Kopnin's epistemological basis and logical basis of science.
2 1, page 27).
Because the answers to these questions are different from Stalin's system,
So that Kadyrov and Kopnin are recognized as representatives of "epistemology"
However, we must point out the characters in the evolution of Stalin's system.
In this process, it is not just epistemology that plays the role of "breaking through" the system.
Send figures, such as as as early as the 1960s, Rutkevich used his own.
The view against Stalin's system will only be Marxist philosophy system.
As a combination of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, while the latter
It is an extension of the former in the field of social history and is of great significance to Marxist philosophy.
Learning can be broadly interpreted, that is, it is composed of various philosophical disciplines.
System. This system includes dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
Philosophy, logic, aesthetics, ethics, justice science and natural science.
History of atheism and philosophy. In the 1970s and 1980s, Aleksev's
The Object, Structure and Function of Dialectical Materialism (1978) and Its Solution
Ming Na's philosophy system of Marxism–Leninism.
(198 1 year), etc. , also expressed similar views with Rutkevich.
Point. The philosopher Mai Liu Xin said directly: Marxist philosophy should not
Only equal to dialectical materialism and historical materialism. can
See their understanding of the system is different from Stalin's system, and
Different from the epistemological system. Those who firmly support Stalin's system
Philosopher, with the death of Stalin and Festus in the late Soviet Union.
Forestry movement, also began to realize the disadvantages of Stalin system, and make
Different degrees of reaction, such as Constantine's "Only History"
When Materialism was published in the second edition in 1953, its content and structure were different.
Great changes have taken place in the world compared with the past (such as people and individuals concerned)
The role in history, etc. , reflecting the spirit of opposing personality cult);
The Principles of Marxist Philosophy published by 1958 is systematic.
The change is greater, in which the theory of consciousness is combined with epistemology, which is dialectical
In the part of law, first discuss the category, then discuss the law, and use the law alone.
The first chapter discusses this. This structure is different from Stalin's discussion method.
Similarly, all chapters of this book have material theory in natural science.
four
Certificate, which was not available before; Marx's column was published in 197 1
Principles of Ningism Philosophy (still edited by Constantine) was published.
It is recognized as1the classic philosophy textbook and reference mark of the Soviet Union after 1970s.
The latest understanding of philosophical thought system, because it puts the modern bourgeoisie
As an independent part, level and social criticism are the same as dialectical materialism.
The juxtaposition of righteousness and historical materialism has especially increased the understanding of "man".
The chapter "The Nature of Knowledge", in the part of epistemology, put forward from the beginning:
"Materialist dialectics is Marxism–Leninism's epistemology", but
See, the Soviet philosophical circle has begun to accept the systematic thought of Kopnin and others.
Yes
In addition, after the 1940s and 1950s, especially after the 1960s,
Philosophers are interested in epistemology, practice and human problems (and
Related issues include alienation, subject and object, and value.
), natural science philosophy problems (such as system theory, etc. ), global issues.
And so on, in the process of discussing these issues, we have enriched our understanding of Marx.
Some people even understand the Marxist philosophical system from their own research perspective.
Trying to reinterpret the system of Marxist philosophy: for example, trying to take people as an example.
Re-understanding the Marxist philosophical system with the problem as the center.
Gregory believes that the explanation of "Marxist philosophy is in all its groups.
The unity of parts is a thorough and distinctive human philosophy. "This is obvious.
However, it is consistent with Kopnin's thoughts on people.
All these have become the evolution of the Soviet model philosophy system.
Cheng. In this process, there are many philosophers from different aspects and
This paper puts forward the theory of questioning Stalin's system and constructing a new system.
Imagine, but because of the real political climate, they built a new system.
Our work is full of hardships and twists and turns. But there are still people like cade
Theorists like Rove and Kopnin always insist on their own opinions.
Their breakthrough in Stalin's system is of great significance: this not only shows
Tell us that the Soviet Marxist philosophy system is not just about Sri Lanka.
Forest system, but there are more contents; And this breakthrough is within a certain range.
This laid the foundation for the future development of Soviet philosophy to some extent.
Third, the evaluation of the Marxist philosophy system of the Soviet model.
After Stalin's death, especially after the twentieth national congress of the Soviet Union, horses all over the world
Marxist philosophy researchers have pointed out the Stalin model from different aspects.
Deficiency of formula: German philosopher Lessing pointed out Marxist philosophy
The system is a self-improvement system in the process of constant change.
Marxist philosophical system and narrative method cannot remain unchanged,
It must develop with the development of the times, so he proposed to use
The word "dialectical materialism and historical materialism" replaced the "dialectical materialism" of the Soviet Union.
Materialism and historical materialism "in order to be more accurate.
Reflect the "indivisibility" of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
Sex "; Kirsch, Lukacs, Lefevere, Althusser and other Western horses.
Marxism holds that the Soviet philosophy system is dogmatism and formula.
Socialism and metaphysics, and then from structuralism, existentialism, human nature
Doctrine and other aspects to re-study and interpret Marxist philosophy.
Department. Some people put forward "practical philosophy" system, while others put forward "society"
Criticizing the philosophical system, some people put forward the "human study" system. It can be seen that for the Soviet Union
The evaluation of philosophical system is directly related to how to construct a new system.
Therefore, the evaluation of the Soviet philosophy system has become a theoretical issue.
A hot spot.
But this is also a difficult point, because of Marxism in the Soviet Union.
Philosophy is an important part of Soviet socialist ideology.
Part of Soviet philosophy is directly in the development period of more than 70 years.
Influenced by political changes, it led to Marxist philosophy in the Soviet Union.
The department is mainly Stalin system; This makes people evaluate the Soviet model.
Type, long used to think that the Soviet model of Marxist philosophy.
This system only includes Stalin model, ignoring the understanding of Soviet philosophers.
System improvement and breakthrough, as if the whole Soviet philosophy system is consistent.
Consistent and unchanging; Or even admitting that there has been a change is not enough.
Weight, so when they evaluate the Soviet philosophy model, they actually
It's evaluating the Stalin model. These make us have a correct evaluation of the Soviet model.
This type of Marxist philosophy system brings difficulties: either blindly
Advocating its "initiative", "systematic" and even "scientific", only
Pointing out some shortcomings and defects is symbolic; Or beat it completely.
Turn on the ground, even spit, scold nothing. These deviations
It's quite common practice that we haven't given Soviet model horses yet.
Rational understanding of Marxist philosophy system. But to be right
It is necessary to investigate its formation and evolution for a correct and fair evaluation.
Cheng has a correct and sober understanding of this.