With the deepening of the reform of higher education system and the change of graduates' employment mode, college students are facing a severe test, so it is particularly urgent to educate them on career planning. Starting with the problems existing in college students' career planning education, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for reference.
Keywords: college students' career planning education problems and countermeasures
With the deepening of the reform of higher education management system and the change of graduates' employment mode, college graduates are facing unprecedented employment pressure. Under the great pressure of employment, except for a few excellent college students who can find jobs smoothly, most students have not had time to plan their own future, and they are at a loss after graduation. The phenomenon of blind employment and hasty employment is very common. Even if you are employed, you feel uneasy about your current job, choose a new job and change jobs frequently; There are also many college students who cannot find jobs and are temporarily unemployed. Facing this reality, it is particularly urgent to carry out college students' career planning education.
First, the definition of career planning
Career planning, also known as career design, originated from the developed countries in Europe and America in the 1960s and 1970s in the 265438+20th century. It refers to "individual's exploration of career and mastery of environmental resources in the process of career development, so as to gradually develop career identity and establish career goals; Facing all kinds of career choice opportunities, make career evaluation on all kinds of career information and opportunities, and form career choice or career decision; Then choose a career with the feelings of choosing what you love and loving what you choose, and assume the role of a career in order to achieve career adaptation and self-realization. " The purpose of career planning is not only to help individuals find a suitable job, and then achieve their personal goals, but more importantly, to help individuals truly understand themselves, plan their future, draw up their life development direction, and design reasonable and feasible career development plans according to subjective and objective conditions.
Second, college students' career planning education and its significance
College students' career planning education refers to "education that helps college students to establish their career planning consciousness, improve their career planning ability and lay the foundation for their healthy development through systematic educational content and various educational methods."
It is of great significance to educate college students on career planning. Carrying out college students' career planning education is the need to adapt to the current employment situation and enhance students' social competitiveness. It can guide college students to correctly understand their own characteristics and potential advantages, make a comprehensive and reasonable positioning of their own values, and avoid the phenomenon of being too high and too low in the process of choosing a job. Career planning education is also an indispensable part of higher education reform. The ultimate goal of higher education is talent education. For college students, career planning that suits them is the key to success. Sustained enthusiasm, persistent devotion and efficient work for the cause are important guarantees for outstanding achievements, and the subjective determinants behind them are ability, sexual orientation, understanding of the meaning of the cause and adaptability to the requirements of the cause. Nowadays, job seekers and practitioners can be roughly divided into three types: knowing what they are suitable for, what they are really willing to do, and choosing a profession or job; It seems that I know what I am suitable for or interested in, so I choose what; I can't say what I am suitable for or interested in, but I am forced to "choose" a profession or job under the action of opportunities or conditions. In the latter two cases, the possibility of success is lower than that in the first case. Therefore, career planning education for college students is conducive to improving the quality of education in colleges and universities.
Third, the current problems in college students' career planning education
(A) the concept has not been popularized.
At present, college students' career planning has been paid more and more attention, but it has not been widely promoted. The survey results of Zhejiang University show that when asked whether the school offers courses or lectures on career planning, 13.68% students answered yes, 49.47% students answered no special courses, only occasional lectures, and 36.84% students answered no. When asked, "Where did you get the knowledge about career planning?" 5 1.3% of the students answered that they got their knowledge about career planning mainly from the internet, 34.26% from lectures, only 9.26% from classes, and 15.74% thought that they planned their careers according to their own experience and knowledge. In addition, some surveys have found that there are still many colleges and universities that have not made career plans for students, especially some universities and vocational and technical colleges in the mainland. Although some schools have contacted it, it has not really developed. These findings reflect that the knowledge and importance of career planning in some colleges and universities have not been effectively popularized among college students.
(B) career planning education mechanism is not perfect
As far as the current situation is concerned, most of the functional departments that undertake the task of college students' career planning education are the employment guidance centers of schools, and there are no specialized teachers and full-time staff. Career planning education is often arranged together with graduates' employment guidance, and some of them are even ignored. In addition to vocational guidance courses, the main forms of vocational guidance in most colleges and universities focus on surprise education, holding ideological mobilization meetings and publicizing superior documents. However, in the current employment guidance mode, the school only plays the role of information platform, which can only be regarded as the "last dinner" for graduates during their school days, and can not complete the successful education of students' views on career choice, outlook on life and career design.
(C) A serious shortage of teachers in vocational planning education
At present, most colleges and universities do not have professional career planners, but are generally teachers or ideological and political counselors who do student work. There are many problems in college career planning counselors, such as insufficient number, lack of experience and lack of theory, and these counselors often lack corresponding professional knowledge and skills. As we all know, China's education system still has great disadvantages in some aspects. For example, the choice of college entrance examination volunteers is made by parents, and the choice of schools and majors does not consider students' own wishes. Therefore, there are still quite a few college students who have no clear development goals after going to college. The lack of professional tutors has a great influence on students' career planning.
(D) unreasonable schedule, lack of systematicness
According to the survey of employment guidance in several universities in Beijing, most universities focus on graduation grades, and relatively few students in lower grades are listed as guidance objects. Because there is such a misunderstanding in people's understanding that only graduates need to receive employment guidance, and other students do not need to do this job. Many students only discover their lack of knowledge and ability when they graduate, and the cultivation of these knowledge and ability can be arranged as soon as students enter school. Because there is no comprehensive and systematic career planning education course suitable for college students, career planning education has not been effectively carried out in colleges and universities, and college students have a vague concept of career planning and do not know how to carry out career planning.
Fourth, suggestions to solve the problem.
(A) the concept of widespread dissemination
Schools should realize the importance of career planning education to college students and the development of schools, and carry it out as real work, not just formalism; At the same time, relevant departments should do a good job in publicity and let students actively participate in their career planning activities; Schools should also communicate and learn from each other to promote the further development of college students' career planning education.
(two) the establishment of career planning education institutions and consulting institutions.
Career planning education and employment guidance in colleges and universities are two different concepts. Employment guidance focuses on the routine work of graduates in the process of employment, and the employment guidance department should be responsible for this. Career planning education focuses on guiding students' career planning, providing students with professional training, consulting and services, which should be the responsibility of a special career planning education department to realize the personalization and humanization of students' career planning education and enhance the professionalism of school career planning education. At the same time, consulting institutions are set up to help students understand their own personality characteristics, professional interests, professional abilities and professional tendencies, so as to meet the growing demand of college students for career planning consulting.
(C) to strengthen the construction of career planning teachers' education team
Colleges and universities should further improve the quality of educators, strengthen the professional construction of educators, systematically train them in professional theory, career planning, professional quality evaluation and employment guidance skills, strengthen their guidance skills, accumulate guidance experience, and, if possible, implement the qualification certification and certification system, so as to make the construction of college students' career planning education team embark on a scientific and standardized road.
(d) Systematic career planning education for students of different grades.
College students' career planning education is a systematic project, which should run through the whole process of university education. Colleges and universities should implement systematic education of college students' career planning in a planned, step-by-step and organized way.
Freshman is an adaptation period. Colleges and universities should first do a good job in the basic education of college students' career planning in the first stage, guide them to adapt to college life, understand their career prospects and establish their awareness of career planning. Sophomore is the accumulation period. The main task is to guide students to complete the determination of career goals, and under the guidance of career goals, cultivate and improve students' comprehensive quality consciously, planned and step by step. Junior year is a promotion period. The main task is to cultivate and improve college students' professional skills, which can promote college students to further accumulate professional experience. Senior year is the sprint period. Except for some students whose goal is to take the postgraduate entrance examination, most students are directly faced with job selection and employment. Therefore, for most students, smooth employment and successful employment are the main contradictions they face. Therefore, the main task of this period is to strengthen the education of job selection and employment concept, and strengthen the education of graduates' psychological quality in employment.
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