With the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities year after year, the number of graduates has also increased year by year. In 2003, it was the first year after the expansion of colleges and universities, and the number of graduates increased by 44.6% over the previous year. In 2004, there were 2.8 million graduates, an increase of 32. 1% over the previous year, reaching 3.38 million in 2005. However, the market demand has not increased significantly, the contradiction between supply and demand is still very prominent, and the employment pressure is great. In the past two years, the number of graduates has increased significantly. Faced with no obvious increase in jobs, graduates have to compete with laid-off workers with rich work experience and rural surplus population with low labor prices. The employment situation is not optimistic, and the employment pressure is still great. The analysis of the employment situation of college graduates in recent years shows that there are several obvious characteristics:

First, the gap between supply and demand: the contradiction between supply and demand of graduates is the direct cause of the employment difficulties of college students recognized by the society in recent years. From 200 1 to 2005, the number of college graduates in China increased from 1 1400 to 3.38 million, three times that before the enrollment expansion; However, the increase in employment is far less than this.

Second, it is difficult to choose materials: the employment of recent graduates is unpopular. At the same time, it is difficult for employers to choose materials. Although many enterprises know that the pillars and backbones of their own companies are college students, and the development of enterprises cannot be separated from college students, they basically don't want to have fresh college students every year.

Third, the same major: the surplus of popular majors In recent years, some engineering colleges and schools with professional characteristics have pursued all-round development and introduced popular majors one after another, which has made it more difficult for graduates of these majors to find jobs.

4. Low salary: The survey results of college students' salary expectation questionnaire show that 66.4% of undergraduate graduates want their monthly salary to be more than 2,000 yuan, but according to the survey results of relevant institutions, the average market value of college students' monthly salary is 1.600 ~ 1.700 yuan/month, and the expectations of graduates are obviously higher than the social reality level, which also leads some college students to "no job".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) fake recruitment: the number of effective recruitment information decreases. Some enterprises take advantage of the current situation that the supply of college students exceeds the demand, and launch fake recruitment. First, they offer attractive treatment conditions, then charge fees in the name of training, and then dismiss students for reasons such as unqualified trial. On the surface, there are many recruitment information channels for college students' employment, but there are not many effective and practical information, and college students get less real and effective information, which leads to employment difficulties.

Reasons for the grim employment situation:

First of all, the ability of society to absorb college graduates has weakened. With the reform of government institutions at all levels, the diversion of personnel, the deepening of system reform of state-owned enterprises, and the reduction of staff and efficiency, the demand for graduates in traditional employment fields of state-owned units has not increased significantly, but has shrunk relatively;

Secondly, the expansion of enrollment scale. 2006 is the first employment peak after the expansion of enrollment, and the number of graduates has increased significantly compared with previous years, which has caused the contradiction between the overall demand for graduates and the actual number of graduates, and the competition for job hunting and job selection for graduates has intensified. In two or three years, the number of our graduates will increase exponentially. If the employment problem of these graduates cannot be solved well, serious social problems will be formed.

Third, structural underemployment leads to a severe employment situation for college graduates. The employment situation of graduates with different educational levels, different majors and different schools is quite different; The trend of graduates concentrating in economically developed areas and large and medium-sized cities is quite obvious; A considerable number of our college graduates still hold the idea that entering a national university is the safest way to solve the problems of hukou and cadre identity and enter state organs and institutions.

Finally, students from rural areas and female college students are at a disadvantage in the process of employment. According to relevant surveys, the employment rate of rural graduates is lower than that of urban graduates 10.09%, and the employment rate of female graduates is lower than that of male graduates by 6.4%.

The main problem of college students' employment-lack of psychological preparation for employment

1. Self-role transformation is not timely enough. For most students, college life is a simple and secure life, with regular study, life and communication, which naturally has a certain distance from the real society. After college life, the most important thing is to be able to quickly complete the self-role transformation and get ready for employment. The survey results show that more than 80% of college graduates can't complete the role change in time.

2. Self-knowledge, self-knowledge is not accurate enough. How to choose a job before employment should be decided according to your own personality characteristics. Temperament and personality often have a great influence on people's career choice and career success. A comprehensive understanding of one's psychological characteristics is an important prerequisite for choosing a job; Interest is the promoter of hobby, and hobby is the executor of interest. People's choice of occupation is often based on their hobbies, which requires a careful analysis of their hobbies.

Fully understanding yourself is the basis and premise for every job seeker to position himself in the workplace. However, when college students are under great employment pressure, they seldom know themselves completely.

How should college students face the current grim situation;

First, establish professional ideals.

Career ideal is the yearning and pursuit of future career in life. Helping college students to establish firm and correct career ideals is the breakthrough point and core content of vocational education for college students. College students' career ideal is the spiritual pillar of their life and career realization, which plays a positive role in promoting college students' academic progress, tenacious struggle, enriching and perfecting themselves according to their own career needs and realizing their future career goals.

Correct career ideals also help college students to correctly handle the relationship between the state, society and individuals in the process of job hunting, reasonably establish job hunting expectations, and consciously combine the needs of the state with personal interests. In order to make college students' career ideals develop in the right direction, we must use modern scientific theory to guide employment, career choice and entrepreneurship, so that their outlook on life, values, world outlook and career outlook can be dialectically unified, and the correct career ideals can become an inexhaustible motive force for college students to become adults, become talents and succeed in life. As a higher vocational student, we must find our own professional orientation and base ourselves on the fundamentals in order to achieve our goals.

Second, understand the professional personality.

Helping college students understand their professional personality is the focus of professional quality education. The research results of social human resources show that professional personality is closely related to the success of personal career. Therefore, the purpose of professional quality training is to solve the problem of matching college students' interests, abilities and job opportunities, and help them find jobs that meet their own characteristics. For example, what kind of colleagues he likes, what kind of activities he likes, and what issues he is interested in are all bound to be related to their future work status. When students understand this, they will have more rational thinking when determining their jobs, and the pertinence of choosing jobs will be enhanced. For example, introverted students should know how to give full play to their advantages; What is the biggest challenge for extroverted students to do research? A good occupational character helps individuals to complete their work better in their corresponding occupations.

Third, improve professional quality.

The professional quality of college students refers to their thoughts, understandings, attitudes and qualities in professional behavior and work style. The process of improving students' professional quality is also a process of helping them gradually realize socialization, which is the key to improve college students' professional quality. Research from Harvard University shows that 85% of the success factors depend on positive professional attitude, and 15% is my professional skills. From this perspective, we realize that the development of social human resources has injected new connotation into the professional quality of employees. From a certain point of view, the employer's demand for the professional quality of candidates has a good guiding role in the development of students, such as positive attitude towards life, pioneering and innovative spirit, calm adaptability, teamwork spirit, professionalism and so on. Many occupations put forward higher requirements for employees.

Fourth, cultivate vocational skills.

Helping students develop professional skills is the foothold of professional quality training. College students constantly improve their skills in all aspects, which is very beneficial to their career development. Improving skills, on the one hand, is the need of social development and organizational progress; On the other hand, prepare yourself for further progress and better positions in the future. The corresponding skills are the capital for college students to enter the professional field, and different occupations will have different skills requirements for people. College students have some vague understanding of skills, thinking that after professional study, they will have corresponding skills. Let college students know that knowledge education is the basis of learning skills. To turn knowledge into skills, we must go through repeated practice or experience. College students should learn to sort out their skills list, understand the gap between these skills and career goals, and the ways and methods of vocational skills training. These are all problems that need to be solved in vocational quality education.

V. Making career plans

College students should know themselves, including others and society, by making their own career plans. College students need to go through several practical links to make plans; First, collect some relevant information through various channels to supplement and improve your career development plan; Second, when planning, we should evaluate the possibility of achieving our goals, taking into account our own abilities, the limitations of environmental conditions and the expectations of people around us; Third, we should predict the obstacles that may be encountered in the process of realistic goals and how to overcome them. In particular, students should be encouraged to take part in some temporary jobs in their spare time to gain more experience and social information. Through practice, let students have a more comprehensive understanding of themselves.

Through three years of hard study and hard work, we should mold ourselves into an applied talent who is proficient in specialty, can speak and write, has noble moral character and is good at communicating with the society, truly realize the role change from school person, unit person, social person and professional person, and combine social professional needs with personal professional ideals and professional qualities.