Wen Tianxiang (1June 6, 236-12831October 9), formerly known as Sun Yun, was named Song Rui with a good word. Road number floating Taoist, Wenshan people. Luling, Jizhou County, Jiangxi Province (now futian town, Qingyuan District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) was a politician, writer, patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan minister and national hero at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was also called "three outstanding men in the end of the Song Dynasty". In the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), he won the top prize, but he was unable to enter the official position because of his father's funeral. In the early Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. Wen Tianxiang offered a plan to defend the enemy in order to inspire people, and asked Dong to behead him, which was not adopted. Later, he served as a Langguan of the Ministry of Punishment, Zhizhou Ruizhou and other posts.

In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao. In the first month of the first year of Deyou (1275), Wen Dongjin, Wen Tianxiang organized an uprising army in Ganzhou and took Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty). The following year, he was appointed as the right prime minister and Tang envoy. At that time, the Yuan army had advanced on Lin 'an, was sent to Yuanying for negotiation, was detained and taken to the north. At the end of February, Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu and others 12 died in Zhou Zhen at night. South by sea, Fujian, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, etc. Insist on resisting Yuan. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), he entered Jiangxi and recovered many counties.

Soon, defeated by Yuan's heavy troops, his wife and children were arrested and many soldiers died. Tian Xiang escaped alone, retreated to Guangdong and continued to resist Yuan. Later, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng County, Guangdong Province) in December of the same year because a traitor led Yuan soldiers to attack him. The Yuan Dynasty forced Zhang Hongfan to surrender to Zhang Shijie, which is a poem in the book Crossing Ding Yang. The last sentence says: "No one has died in life since ancient times. Take the heart of Dan and follow the history of history." The following year, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for four years. After various severe tests, he never gave in. He died peacefully in 1283 at the age of 47. He is the author of Wenshan Poetry Collection, A Guide to the South, Postscript to the Guide, Song Zhengqi, etc.

Extended data:

Wen Tianxiang called down archers to Zhou Xun and stationed them in Nanling. Li He conspired to surrender secretly, was caught and killed. In March of the third year of Jingyan (1278), Wen Tianxiang entered Lijiang Pu. In June, I entered the boat bay. King Iraq died and Wang Wei succeeded him. Wen Tianxiang blamed himself and requested to enter the DPRK, but was not allowed. In August, Wen Tianxiang was named Shao Bao and Xin Guogong. The plague spread again in the army and hundreds of soldiers died. Wen Tianxiang's only son and mother are dead.

1 1 month, entering Chaoyang county. Chen Yi and Liu Xing, the thieves of Chaozhou, rebelled against impermanence many times, which was a great harm to Chaoyang people. Wen Tianxiang drove Chen Yi away, caught Liu Xing and killed him. /kloc-in 0/2 months, they rushed to Nanling, and Zou Yun and Liu Zijun came from Jiangxi to attack Chen Yi's henchmen again. Chen Yi then secretly colluded with Zhang Hongfan to help and guide the Yuan Army to attack Chaoyang. Wen Tianxiang was eating at Wupo Ridge when suddenly Zhang Hongfan's army appeared. All the soldiers were caught off guard and hid in the weeds.

Wen Tianxiang fled in a hurry and was caught by thousands of kings of Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang swallowed the brain (that is, borneol) and didn't die. Zou Yi cut his neck, and all the soldiers helped him to Nanling before he died. At that time, Liu Zijun, Chen, Xiao Mingzhe and Xiao Zi died, Du Hu was caught and died of grief. Only Zhao escaped, while Zhang Tang, Xiong Gui, Wu and Chen Ziquan were captured alive and executed. ?

Wen Tianxiang was taken to Chaoyang, and when he met Zhang Hongfan, officials around him ordered him to bow down, but he didn't. Zhang Hongfan then received him as a guest, and followed him into the mountains, asking him to write to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said: "I can't defend my parents and teach others to betray their parents?" Because I was forced to ask for letters many times, I wrote a poem "Crossing the Ocean of Zero Ding" for them. The last sentence of this poem says: "No one has died since ancient times. Take the heart of Dan and follow the history of history."

Zhang Hongfan put it away with a smile. Zhang Hongfan said, "The loyalty and filial piety of the Prime Minister have been exhausted. If you can change your attitude and serve the Great Yuan Emperor as you served the Song Dynasty, you will not lose your position as prime minister. " Wen Tianxiang said tearfully, "The country is doomed. As a courtier, death is not just a crime. How dare you drag out an ignoble existence with two hearts? " Zhang Hongfan felt his righteousness and sent someone to escort Wen Tianxiang to Beijing.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wen Tianxiang