Han Shizhong is like Han Shizhong, a patriotic general in the Southern Song Dynasty (1089 ~1151). He is a good minister, from Yan 'an (now Shaanxi). Born in poverty, he joined the army at the age of 18, suppressed the uprising in Fang La, suppressed the change of Miao and Liu, repeatedly made meritorious military service, established inflammation for three years (1 129), granted our time to control the imperial camp in Zuo Jun, and the following spring, 8,000 navy divisions stopped the nomads from crossing the river, and marched with the martial arts army in Huang Tiandang (today). This campaign eliminated the arrogance of nomadic people and was told by later generations. Since then, in the confrontation with 8 jin j, good news came from time to time. For example, in the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), Jin Bing was defeated in Dayi Town (now the northwest of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province), which was regarded as the first martial art of ZTE. He commanded 30,000 troops and defended the Huaihe River for 78 years, which made the enemy flinch and became a "Zhongxing Star" together with Yue Fei. Opposing peace talks and trying to resume them will not succeed, but will be suspected. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), Yue Fei and Zhang Jun were both relieved of military power. He once complained about Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment and asked Qin Gui: "How can you serve the world without three words?" Since then, Dumen has resigned from his official position, thanked passers-by, stopped talking about soldiers, and often visited the West Lake to enjoy life. At the age of 63, he was buried in Lingyan Mountain, Suzhou.
In front of the Han Tomb at the western foot of Lingyan Mountain in Suzhou, there stands a magnificent "Wan Zi Monument". This was set in four years (1 177) when Song Xiaozong established Han Shizhong as the King of Qi, and Xiaozong wrote the inscription "Monument to the Founding Father of Zhongxing Left". At the same time, Zhao Xiong was ordered to write an article for the tombstone, and Zhou Bida wrote a book. Both of them were gifted scholars at that time, and their positions were excellent. They didn't write papers or words. In particular, this inscription describing Han Shizhong's life is about 14,000 words. It is a magnificent and touching article. Although "foolish loyalty" was inevitably preached, the main space was focused on resisting the recovery of gold, which vividly showed people the heroic spirit of the king of Han and Qi. According to the measurement, the tombstone is nearly nine feet wide, and it is more than thirty feet high, including the tortoise base. Such a high monument with more than 10,000 words is probably unique in China, which is the highest in the world. Coupled with the open terrain around, the bearing of its tomb is really extraordinary.
According to relevant records, the Han tombs were repaired during Hongzhi period in Ming Dynasty and light years in Qing Dynasty. 1June, 939, the hurricane blew down the tombstone and broke more than ten pieces. 1946 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Miao Zhen, the host of the local Lingyan Temple, and other monks asked for help. Because it is difficult to recover, they only got two sessions and made a row of glue. 1949, and it is listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province. Today, its appearance is still quite spectacular. For hundreds of years, not many people have been to the tombs of North Korea, and many of them have borrowed monuments to express their feelings, leaving many touching poems and songs. For example, Yu Youren, a veteran of the Kuomintang, visited the Korean Tomb in Lingyanshan on 1928. Later, he wrote a poem: "What will happen to fame if you don't read the Wan Zi tablet of the King of Qi?"
However, in the early years of the Republic of China, some people doubted whether this tomb was really Han Shizhong's tomb, thinking that it was only a cenotaph at best, and Han Shizhong's body was not among them. As a result, it caused controversy and became an unsolved case due to insufficient evidence.
In the early 1980s, some scholars made field trips and consulted relevant historical materials. Wu Zhao, Pei Kun and Jin Kang's textual research on Han Shizhong's tomb site shows that the real Han Shizhong's tomb should be located in Wu Qingshan, at the eastern foot of Jinji Mountain, southwest of Huzhou, Zhejiang. The arguments are as follows: First, there is a record of Jingshan in the official records of Huzhou in Wanli of Ming Dynasty. Jingshan is the name of a mountain and an ancient market town, which was later changed to "Castle Peak". Therefore, the Han tombs in Wu Qingshan are consistent with the literature. Second, the public's word-of-mouth information, local farmers called Jingshan Tomb "the Tomb of the King" and "the Tomb of the Marshal", and said that the owner of the tomb was "a very big official who fought with Yue Fei". There is a bridge nearby, named "Hanjia Bridge". The local farmer said that it was said that it was built by the grave keeper of the Han government, and the descendants of the grave keeper lived here until the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Third, the tomb site is imposing. Jinji Mountain is abrupt in the northwest of the tomb, and the ridge stretches for one kilometer, showing the shape of a turtle dragon. The location of the Han tomb is on the right side of the "dragon head", commanding and overlooking the mountains and rivers. According to "Wen Zuo Wuyou", Han Shizhong was a military commander and was buried on the right side, with proper manners, which also accorded with his status as king of Qi. Fourth, the specifications and shape of the tomb, with a back height of 10 m and a diameter of 25 m, have traces of graves and shrines. On a terrace in front of the tomb, there used to be tombstones, huabiao, memorial archways, boundary markers, stone tables and benches for memorial service. Now there are two stone men, two stone horses and two stone sheep, which are quite ostentatious. In front of it is an open field, sloping, with obvious signs of a grave city. It is a trapezoidal grave city, with a top width of 40m, a bottom width of160m and a length of140m on both sides. In short, its tomb is magnificent and belongs to the "king".
Looking at the Han Tomb in Lingyan Mountain, Suzhou, there are many unreasonable places. First, the monument is three feet high, and the tombstone of any emperor in the Song Dynasty did not reach three feet. How can Han Shizhong's tomb system specifications cross the line? So this tombstone must have been made in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Second, Han Shizhong died in the 21st year of Shaoxing (1 15 1), and went to Xiaozong to pursue the seal of the King of Qi. During this period, Suzhou, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou have been contested by Song and Jin Dynasties, and the Han tombs will not be buried in this war-torn place. On the contrary, Huzhou is the jurisdiction of the Han family in the late period of reunification, and the Han family has a considerable foundation here, so it is more suitable to be buried here. Third, the terrain of Lingyan Mountain is relatively exposed, and the mountain is not the trend of tortoise and dragon. It is not an ideal place for the tomb, far less than the Jingshan Mountain in Huzhou surrounded by mountains. Fourthly, there are few written records about Han Shizhong's burial of Lingyan Mountain. There is only one historical material, Suzhou Prefecture Records, which was ruled by Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. However, a large number of historical data prove that the Han Tomb in Jingshan was first compiled by Jiatai Wu Xingzhi in the Southern Song Dynasty 50 years after Han Shizhong's death, and its credibility is self-evident. It can be speculated that because Han Shizhong led the troops to stay in Suzhou for many years, insisted on resisting the gold and bravely killed the enemy, anecdotes about the battle and his wife were also widely circulated among the people. People here can't forget the anti-Jin hero, so they built the Korean tomb in Lingyan Mountain as a permanent memorial.
However, some scholars have raised doubts. Zhang Zhixin and Yao Qinde pointed out in "Talking about Han Shizhong's Tomb Site" that Jiatai's "Wu Xingzhi" in the Southern Song Dynasty was not only a poor version, but also had no record of Han Shizhong's tomb. We also found Jiajing's Tales of Xing Wu, Qingganlong's Huzhou Prefecture Records, Tongzhi's Huzhou Prefecture Records, Guangxu's Five Stars Records and Guangxu's Wucheng County Records. , didn't find any material containing Han Shizhong's tomb. The so-called "Han Tomb in Jingshan, Huzhou" is proved by a large number of historical materials, the earliest of which was Jiatai Wu Xingzhi in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is unfounded.
Then, why is there a record of the tomb of King Shizhong of Jingshan Qiu Han in the Ming Wanli's Huzhou Fuzhi? After consulting many local chronicles of Xing Wu, it is preliminarily inferred that the tomb of Zhang Junzhi, king of Qinghe County, was mistakenly recorded as the tomb of Han Shizhong, king of Qi in Wanli Huzhou Prefecture. The reasons are as follows: 1. Zhang Jun, Han and Yue were all generals in the Southern Song Dynasty, and they also helped to frame Yue Fei. His deeds were widely known and he was named "King". Second, Zhang Junzhi's tomb is indeed in Jingshan, which is recorded in Xing Wu's Tales and Gan Long's Official History of Huzhou. Third, Zhang Jun's tomb is not recorded in Wanli Huzhou Prefecture Records. The so-called public word-of-mouth materials refer to Jingshan Tomb as "the tomb of the king" and "the tomb of the marshal", and say that the owner of the tomb "has a very big official who fought with Yue Fei", which is also consistent with Zhang Jun's identity, so it is very likely that it was wrongly installed. And clearly said that this is the "Han Shizhong's Tomb", maybe it's just a misinformation of a few people.
The most important thing is the scale of tombs. The Song Dynasty paid more attention to etiquette, and the minister's funeral should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Book of Rites, such as: "No stone should be used as a coffin or room for the funeral of the first and second products." "Song Hui Yao" also contains: "Minister Xun Qi died ... there are two stone sheep, tigers and sentries in the tomb, and two stone men are added above the third level." During the reign of Gander, it was stipulated that a gift was "a tomb garden with 90 steps, a tomb with a height of 18 feet, 90 funerary objects and 6 stones." (History of the Song Dynasty 122) The sarcophagus has been found in Jingshan Tomb, and there are also stone statues, horses, sheep and many stone products on the tomb. It can be seen that the shape of this tomb is inconsistent with the ritual system of the Song Dynasty. The arrangement of Huabiao, Paifang, Stone Man, Stone Horse and Shiyang is common in Ming and Qing tombs, so it is probably a Ming and Qing tomb, not a Song tomb, that is, neither Han Shizhong's tomb nor Zhang Jun's tomb.
As for the irrationality of the so-called Han tomb in Lingyanshan, Suzhou, it cannot be established. First of all, the tombstone was built at the behest of Song Xiaozong, and it was engraved with inscriptions. The measured monument height is 5.35 meters, the turtle seat height is 1.7 meters, the forehead height is 1.2 meters, and the total height is 8.25 meters. It is similar to the tomb of Xu Da in Ming Dynasty-tombstone. The problem is the height of the epitaph in the Song Dynasty, and no relevant information can be found. However, according to relevant information, it is estimated that it will not be smaller than Han Tombstone, and it is unfounded to say that Han Shizhong is robbing the tomb. Second, it is wrong to say that Suzhou was a war-torn area. After four years (1 130), the Jin army began to retreat northward under the attack of anti-Jin forces. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), all armies in the Southern Song Dynasty made achievements, and the territory of Shaoxing remained basically in the Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains after the peace talks. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), Jin invaded the south on a large scale and did not cross the Yangtze River. There is no consistent standard for Sanlingyan Mountain to become a "dragon", nor can it be judged by today's traffic conditions. For example, The Records of Lingyan Mountain praised the situation of Lingyan Mountain, and Huang Ming Xiyuan called Lingyan Mountain "Long Mai" in Poems on the Tomb of the King of Han and Qi. 4. There are many records in the Han Tomb of Lingyanshan, such as Suzhou Records of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Su Zhi of Zheng Degu, Wuyi Records, Lingyanshan Records of Wuzhong, Jiangnan Records of Qing Dynasty, etc. Since the Qing Dynasty, there are almost no local chronicles in Suzhou and Wuxian that do not include the Han Tomb of Lingyanshan.
The stone tablet of the tombstone in the Han tomb is too high, but the turtle mound is small, which is different from the short and steady style of the turtle tablet in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The inscriptions are basically weathered and the handwriting is worn, which shows that the inscriptions have been weathered for a long time, which is different from the inscriptions with clear words in Ming and Qing tombs. The moire on the edge of the tombstone of Han tomb is simple; The dragon on the tablet is short, simple and powerful, which is different from the tortuous, row upon row and slender style in Ming and Qing Dynasties. All these constitute the distinctive features of the tombstones in Han Dynasty that are different from those in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It can be said that the spreading order of Han Tombstones has obvious Song Dynasty style, and Han Shizhong Biography in Song Dynasty is based on inscriptions, which shows that its tombstones can't be fakes.
Finally, why was Han Shizhong buried in Suzhou? The direct reason is that the inscription says "I am buried here". It was Song Gaozong who ordered him to be buried in Lingyan Mountain in Suzhou. The indirect reason should be related to Han Shizhong's long-term residence in Suzhou, which was once the seat of the Han government. Is this a monument? According to "History of Song Dynasty", when Han Shizhong was buried, he was given a royal robe, lost a crown, mercury and borneol. "Xu Shen was ordered to protect his affairs, and Wu and Changzhou county magistrate rushed to serve". Han tombs can't be cenotaph, and there was no system to build cenotaph at that time. It is even more impossible to build such a fake tomb in order to guard against the destruction of others, as some scholars speculate.
Scholars' argument turned around and returned to the Han Tomb in Lingyanshan, Suzhou. Whether the debate really clarified Han Shizhong's tomb site seems to require further archaeological judgment.