Knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation

Human society is facing the threat of various natural disasters. According to statistics, natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, earthquakes and mudslides cause huge losses to human life and property every year. A large number of facts show that the lack of awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation and the lack of knowledge of self-help and mutual aid are the main reasons for casualties caused by disasters.

Respecting and cherishing life is the eternal pursuit of human society. We should be responsible for every life, and enhance the public's awareness of public safety, social responsibility and disaster avoidance and self-help through various means, so that the public can master the basic common sense, professional knowledge and skills of disaster avoidance and self-help, improve the public's comprehensive quality and disaster avoidance and self-help ability in public emergencies, and minimize casualties caused by disasters.

Avoid disasters and save yourself-earthquake

1. How to hide indoors when an earthquake occurs?

1, immediately hide in the wall, corner or indoor door away from the window; 2, the body should be close to the wall, corners, head as close as possible to the wall; You can bring some bedding and pillows to cover your head.

Second, how to escape when the gas leaks?

1, cut off the main power supply and leave the scene quickly; 2. Do not use naked flame; 3. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel; 4. If you are injured by a collapsed object, try to face the vent and wait for rescue.

Third, what should I do if I am pressed by a falling weight?

1, find out what the object is pressing on you, and don't move the object or body easily; 2. Check whether you are injured. If you are not injured, pull your body out slowly according to the situation; 3. If you have been seriously injured, try to wrap the wound with clothes and other things; In case of fracture, don't move easily and wait for rescue.

Fourth, how to maintain life when buried in ruins?

1, establish a firm belief in survival; 2. Don't cry and shout, save your strength; 3. Try to rest and close your eyes; 4. Look for food and water to maintain life. If you can't find water, you can use your own urine for emergency; If you are injured, try to dress it up and have more rest.

5. How to prevent shock in the wild?

1. Avoid foothills and steep cliffs to prevent landslides, rolling stones and mudslides during earthquakes; 2. Avoid steep slopes and cliffs, landslides and ground fissures; 3. When encountering landslides and collapses, you should run perpendicular to the rolling stones, or hide under solid obstacles, ditches and potholes to protect your head.

Six, public places * * * crowd chaos how to protect themselves?

1, obey the command of the staff and act in an orderly manner; 2. If you squeeze into the crowd, cross your hands on your chest to protect yourself; 3. Stress with shoulders and back; Don't run in the opposite direction when you can't get out of the crowd. Follow the crowd and be careful not to fall.

7. What should I do if there is an earthquake while the bus is running?

1, the driver of the car immediately stops and turns off the engine; 2. Passengers should hold the handrail tightly, lower their center of gravity, hide near the seat and cover their heads with clothes; After the earthquake, under the command of the driver, the passengers got off the bus in an orderly way. Otherwise, it is easy to get hurt or be hit by passing cars.

Eight, how to prevent suffocation?

1. When rescuing, open the confined space where the buried person is located as soon as possible to make the air circulate; 2. Expose the buried person to the head first, remove the dust in his mouth and nose, and let him breathe freely; 3, when the dust is too large, should spray dust, so as not to suffocate the buried.

Attention: ★ Never use naked flame when gas leaks after the earthquake; ★ When encountering an earthquake in the wild, avoid dangerous areas on the hillside, such as cliffs, steep slopes and foothills. ★ Don't run down the hill in the direction of rolling stones.

Avoid disaster and save yourself-fire

1. How should residents trapped on the second and third floors escape in case of fire?

1. Choose a long pole or board, tie a heavy object at one end, then put down one end of the bundle, hold the other end in your arms and jump down the stairs. This will enhance the stability of the long pole or board after landing, thus reducing the degree of injury; 2. If there are no ropes and poles, you can throw the quilt and sofa downstairs from the window and lay down the landing point. After that, the elderly or children should be wrapped in quilts, tied with ropes, and slowly put down from the window or balcony, so that the rescuers downstairs can cooperate and connect, and then young adults can jump off the building to escape. When jumping, hold the outer edge of the windowsill or balcony with your hands and jump vertically to avoid injury.

Second, how to escape from a building fire?

1. When there is a fire in the building, in order to leave the scene quickly, you can take the sightseeing elevator to escape. 2, correctly identify the fire elevator, and then use it to escape.

Third, how to use stairs to escape?

1, be calm, don't push, prevent the old people and children in front from falling, haste makes waste; 2. When going down, the other half of the stairs should be reserved for firefighters or fast-moving people; People can escape along the indicator light.

4. What should I do if all the safe passages are cut off?

1, close the doors and windows after entering the bathroom; 2. Turn on the tap to drain the water and fill the bathtub, so that you can put out the fire with water and take refuge in the water; At this time, we should splash water on the bathroom door to make it cool.

5. How to use ropes to escape from tall buildings?

1, you should grasp it with your hands, hold it with your arms, clamp it with your legs and feet and slide down at the same time; 2. If possible, try to grasp the rope with both hands alternately and slide down, so as to avoid exerting force with both hands at the same time, and the support time is limited; 3. As long as your feet can get stuck, try to catch your breath and slide down (such as getting stuck in a knot).

6. How to escape from a fire in the elevator?

1. When a fire is found and the elevator doesn't stop, immediately stop the elevator on the floor farthest from the fire and run out quickly; 2. When the elevator stops between two floors, you should get in touch with the outside world by telephone as soon as possible, open the elevator door by hand or other tools and escape to the nearest floor, or open the safety exit of the elevator patio and escape upstairs.

7. What should I do if the hotel is on fire?

1, if you hear the alarm, you should quickly escape from the safety exit; 2, found that the fire, should immediately press the alarm or call the switchboard; 3. Put out the fire with the fire-fighting equipment around you; 4, the fire is bigger, can't control, should quickly close the door, open the window, stand on the windowsill for a while.

Eight, how to avoid a fire in a shopping mall?

1. In case of fire, you should immediately choose the nearest escape exit, obey the instructions, and don't crowd people blindly; 2. Avoid flammable and explosive areas such as electrical appliances when fleeing; 3. If you encounter heavy smoke, you should bend down and take a low posture or crawl in the direction of the headwind; When shopping in the mall, if you hear the fire alarm, you should throw away things immediately. Don't care whether the shop assistant gives change or not, you should take immediate measures to escape.

Nine, there are several alarm ways in case of fire?

1. Shouting for someone to put out the fire; 2. If there is a manual alarm facility, immediately break the glass and press the button to call the police; 3. Call the police quickly by telephone; 4, if not far from the fire brigade, should immediately send someone to call the police; 5. In rural areas, you can use the unique alarm signal in the village to give an alarm, such as ringing the bell.

X. What are the basic methods of fire fighting?

1, the basic method of fire extinguishing, according to the fire environment and disaster degree; 2. Inhibition method is to use fire extinguishing agent to participate in flame combustion, so that free radicals in combustion are eliminated; 3. Asphyxiation method is to dilute the oxygen in the combustion zone, so that the combustion stops due to lack of oxygen; 4. The isolation method is to isolate unburned materials from combustible materials, so that the combustion is stopped due to insufficient combustible materials; 5. The cooling method is to end the combustion by lowering the temperature of combustion products below the ignition point.

XI。 How to use the indoor fire hydrant?

1, fire control should immediately open the fire hydrant, take out the water gun and hose, and connect one end of the hose to the water gun and the other end to the fire hydrant; 2, open the fire hydrant handwheel, and immediately spray water; 3, if the water gun, hose has been connected, should quickly open the fire hydrant handwheel, sprinkler.

Avoid disaster and save yourself-flood

1. What are the daily preventive measures for flood-prone residents?

1. Learn more about disaster prevention and mitigation at ordinary times, form a scientific living habit of paying attention to weather forecast, keep abreast of weather changes, and make good preparations for family protection; 2. Pay close attention to flood information in flood season, obey the unified arrangement of flood control headquarters and take refuge in time; 3. Residents in low-lying areas should prepare sandbags, water baffles and other items, or set up waterproof thresholds and dams to prevent floods from entering the house; 4. Always prepare boats, rafts, life jackets and other items that can escape safely at home, and check whether they can be used at any time before the flood season comes.

Second, what materials should be prepared when the flood comes?

1, a radio, listening to and understanding all kinds of relevant information at any time; 2. Drinking water, canned fruit juice and foods with long shelf life should be bundled and sealed to prevent mildew and deterioration; 3, warm clothes and medicines for treating colds, dysentery and skin infections; 4, communication items, such as flashlights, candles, lighters, etc. Brightly colored clothes, flags, whistles, etc. , as a signal when an accident occurs; 5. The car is full of oil and can be started at any time.

3. When the flood comes, where is the danger zone?

City: 1, in and around dangerous houses; 2. Dangerous walls and high walls; 3. Submerged sewers; 4. Sewer wells and pits on both sides of the road; 5. Around telephone poles and high-voltage towers; 6. Chemical plants and warehouses for storing dangerous goods.

Rural areas: 1, riverbed, reservoir, channel and culvert; 2. Flood discharge area and reclamation area; 3. Dangerous houses, dangerous houses and dangerous walls; 4. Under telephone poles and high-voltage towers.

Fourth, how to prevent floods from flooding into the room?

1, the threshold doors and windows of the house are the water inlet parts. Use sandbags and soil bags to build a defense line at the threshold and window; 2. The gaps between doors and windows are all sealed with tape paper, and several layers can be sealed; 3, mouse holes, drainage holes and other places where water may enter should be blocked.

note:

★ Don't go into the water easily unless you have to; ★ Don't avoid mountains and valleys; ★ Don't forget any place where water may enter; ★ Do not directly drink untreated surface water.

Why don't you walk on both sides of the road during the rainstorm?

1, because of the low terrain, both sides of the road are the most prone to water accumulation, and it is difficult to distinguish the situation in the water accumulation; 2. Sewer pipes and other pipelines are buried on both sides. If you lose the lid of the cellar well, you will hurt yourself if you step in rashly; There may be other dangers in the water in the middle of the road. When you encounter a whirlpool, you should bypass it, or you will fall into the pit.

6. What should I do if I encounter a flood while driving?

1. Be very careful when driving in water and observe the road conditions; 2. If the engine stops in the flood, abandon the car immediately. In the rising flood, it is very dangerous to try to drive a broken down car; Don't try to cross the flooded road, because the result will often be besieged by rising flood.

Seven, the flood hit, too late to transfer?

1, go higher. Such as building a temporary tent on a roof with a solid foundation; 2. When in a dangerous building, evacuate quickly and find a safe and solid place to avoid falling into the water; Keep still until the water stops rising, unless the building may be washed away by water, or the water is forced to evacuate without crossing the roof. 4. Tie rafts and other escape items. Use communication facilities to contact rescue. The reflection of glass and mirror under sunlight can be used to send out distress signals; 5. Send out distress signals with flashlights and firelight at night; 6. When rescuers are found, they should wave bright clothes, red scarves and other items in time and send out rescue signals.

Eight, trapped in the building by the flood?

1. When trapped, pay attention to whether the house is likely to collapse after being soaked by flood. If it may collapse, immediately move to a safe place; 2. In the case of hunger and thirst, we should choose young people with good water and good health, and let them go back to their homes to get food and clean drinking water. 3. Keep the communication tools well and contact the rescue department in time to get help; 4. Use fire, smoke, shout and wave bright clothes for help, so that search and rescue personnel can find and get assistance.

Note: ★ If the rainstorm continues, prepare for flood control in advance; ★ Establish the concept of survival, and you will be saved if you persist; ★ Waiting for the water to recede is the most effective safety measure.

Avoid disaster and save yourself-typhoon disaster

1. Where is the best place to avoid a tornado?

1, basements, air-raid shelters, culverts and the lowest floors of tall buildings are the best places to avoid tornadoes; 2. When encountering a tornado in the open field, you can choose to lie down in low-lying places such as ditches and riverbeds.

Second, how to escape from the crowded and chaotic crowd in the typhoon?

1, take a deep breath and use your arms, shoulders and back to resist the pressure; 2. Put your arms on your chest to protect your child. 3. Keep moving in any direction.

Third, how to avoid a tornado at home?

1, quickly retreat to the basement or cellar, or the house closest to the ground, and squat down facing the wall; 2. Quickly escape to the northeast room, away from objects that may collapse, such as doors, windows and walls outside the house; 3. Wrap yourself in a thick coat or blanket as much as possible to avoid possible scattered debris; 4. A room with a small span is safer than a big room; 5, valuables should be transferred to the downstairs, can also be placed in washing machines, dishwashers and other electrical appliances.

Fourth, how to ensure safety when driving in the wind?

1, the car is on the expressway, so pay special attention to the wind blowing from the side of the car, which is too fast and easy to overturn; 2. Don't slam the throttle when crossing the road in deep water; 3. Try not to drive out. If you have to drive outside, you should slow down and keep your distance from the vehicle in front. 4. In case of strong wind during driving, you should stop at the side of the road and don't drive forcibly; 5. Vehicles should be parked in high and empty places, not under billboards, temporary buildings or dead trees.

5. What should I do if I encounter lightning in the storm?

1, avoid standing near the tallest object or making yourself the tallest object; 2. If you are outdoors, move to the house or car as soon as possible and close the window; 3. Don't ride a bike or motorcycle, and don't stand under a tall and lonely tree; 4. When relying on others, keep a certain distance from each other; 5. Don't lie in an empty place. You can kneel on the spot, with your feet together and your knees in your hands. Keep your chest close to your knees, keep your head as low as possible and lower your body height.

Attention: ★ Do not take refuge in empty and unsafe places such as temporary buildings; ★ Don't hide in low-lying places; ★ Don't use mobile phones and telephones; ★ Do not touch electrical conductors such as wires, metals and water.

Avoid disasters and save yourself-landslide

1. What human activities may cause landslides?

1. The slope is out of balance due to a large amount of slag and earthwork produced by filling and building residential buildings and heavy factories on the slope. 2. The drinking water drainage project overflowed, and a large amount of industrial wastewater and agricultural water infiltrated into the slope, which increased the pore pressure and softened the earthwork; 3. Excavate the toe of the slope to build railways and highways, so that the lower part of the slope loses its support; 4. Indiscriminate mining, deforestation and blasting for mountain mining. Will make the hillside soil erosion, mountain vibration fracture, induced landslides.

Second, there are many precursors before the landslide comes. How to distinguish correctly?

1. When the slope sinks locally, and the sinking has nothing to do with the underground cavern and the thick artificial fill on the ground, landslides may occur; 2. The deformation of buildings on the hillside has a certain law; 3. The quality of spring water and well water is turbid, and the original dry place suddenly seeps or there is a large amount of water leakage in the spring reservoir; 4. Abnormal noise appears underground, and at the same time, poultry and livestock have abnormal reactions.

Third, how to choose a temporary disaster avoidance site?

1, several safe shelters should be selected in advance near the landslide danger area; 2. The disaster avoidance site should be selected at the periphery of both sides of the landslide. In the case of ensuring safety, the closer to the original residence, the better, and the more convenient transportation and water and electricity.

Fourth, how to avoid landslides when traveling abroad?

1, travel must be far away from landslide-prone areas; 2. We should cross the area prone to landslides in the season when the possibility of landslides is the least.

5. What should I do on the mountain where the landslide happened?

1, escape in the direction perpendicular to the landslide, and find a safe zone around as soon as possible; 2. When you can't continue to escape, you should quickly hold fixed objects such as trees around you.

6. What are the emergency measures for landslide disasters? 1. Clear and dredge in time to keep rivers and ditches unblocked; 2. Do a good job in the drainage of landslide areas, and cut down dangerous trees and tall trees on the upper part of the airport ground according to specific conditions; 3. The steep slope of the highway should be cut to prevent collapse and landslide along the highway; 4. Strictly investigate villages and towns with hidden dangers, especially the water changes in cracks, springs, landslides and landslides.

Attention: ★ Do not build residential houses or schools in areas prone to landslides; ★ Don't stay or walk in the wild valley for a long time; ★ When the mountain collapses and landslides, run in the direction perpendicular to the rolling stones.

Avoid disasters and save yourself-debris flow

1. What are the main factors inducing debris flow?

1, strong and frequent earthquakes, resulting in rock breakage and mountain instability; 2. The climatic characteristics of rainstorm area provide water for debris flow; 3. The accumulation and melting of alpine glaciers provide water and power for serious ice collapses and avalanches; 4. People lack the knowledge of protecting nature and preventing debris flow, and deforestation causes soil erosion.

Second, how to escape when the mudslide comes?

1, immediately run to the heights on both sides of the river bed; 2. Climb to the heights perpendicular to the slopes on both sides of the debris flow; 3. Hold the trees on the river bank when you have no time to run.

3. Where can I avoid the debris flow?

1, a safe highland far from the place where the debris flow occurred; 2. Hillside highlands on both sides of the valley.

Fourth, how to avoid encountering mudslides when camping in the wild?

1, camping to avoid rolling stones and a large number of deposits under the hillside; Flat highland is a good place to sleep at night.