Graduation thesis is the last procedure in college life, and many students will be confused by it. The following are the characteristics and writing instructions of my graduation thesis for you, hoping to help.

First, the characteristics of graduation thesis:

Graduation thesis is a scientific paper, which should have the following characteristics.

1, science

Scientific-as far as the description object is concerned, it means that the thesis only involves the proposition in the field of science and technology; As far as describing the content is concerned, it is to require the article to be credible. Scientific papers should not be based on subjective assumptions or personal likes and dislikes. The reasoning of the argument requires rigor, correctness and credibility. It reveals universal laws or special laws.

2. Logic

Dialectical logic reveals the inherent laws and relationships.

Formal logic reveals external laws and relationships.

Logic is the structural feature of the article, which requires clear context, rigorous structure, reasonable reasoning, correct calculus, standardized symbols, fluent use of words, and self-contained. The topics involved in the article, no matter how big or small, should have their own premises or assumptions, argumentation materials and inferences, and should not be a pile of data lists or a natural description of a series of phenomena.

3. Initiative

Originality is a special requirement different from other literature descriptions, and innovation is the soul of scientific papers. It requires that the phenomena, attributes, characteristics and laws that things follow when they change must be unprecedented, original or partially original, rather than repeating or explaining other people's works.

Originality means saying what others have not said, telling the truth that others have not said, being innovative and having a unique way.

4. Legacy

Is to stand on the shoulders of giants, look at old problems and discover new ones.

The characteristic of this paper is to discuss and clarify the facts and reveal some laws and characteristics. Therefore, it is not a chronicle, nor a narrative process, nor an expression of emotion.

Second, prepare materials.

Material is the basis of the thesis, which is not only the basis of the formation of the theme, but also the pillar of the theme expression. With substantial materials, we can form a correct viewpoint and elaborate and demonstrate it in detail.

1, material collection and accumulation

Whether an article is practical and instructive depends largely on the author's mastery of the materials. Pay attention to the collection and accumulation of materials before writing. The ways of material accumulation mainly include:

(1), in-depth field investigation, to obtain first-hand information.

(2) Comprehensive collection of reading materials According to the purpose of writing, refer to documents, archives and books extensively and comprehensively.

2. Selection and use of materials

The collected materials are only writing materials, and the accumulated materials must be selected according to the needs of the article. Choose the most valuable materials to apply to the article.

(1), select materials around the theme.

② Select representative materials.

(3) Choose true and accurate materials.

④ Choose novel and vivid materials.

Third, determine the theme.

Determining the theme is to make an argument. Establish central arguments and sub-arguments.

Theme is the central idea of the article, the author's basic point of view to explain the problem, the scheduling and generalization of all the ideological contents of the article, and the concentrated expression of the author's writing purpose. But the theme is the center that runs through the whole article and commands everything, and is the commander-in-chief and soul of the article. The internal logical relationship, the choice of materials, the arrangement and design of structure, and the choice and application of language are all restricted and dominated by the theme.

1, theme refinement

The refinement of the theme is to put the original writing purpose and intention at a certain height, and through the deepening from phenomenon to essence, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, to prompt the essence of social life and the development law of objective things, so as to sublimate the original writing purpose and intention and form realistic, profound and thorough opinions or opinions.

Principles and methods of topic extraction:

(1) is based on real and comprehensive materials. In the refinement of the theme, the material is the first, and the theme is not a subjective product, but is formed by removing the false from the objective materials, removing the rough and selecting the fine. Therefore, it is very important to master the first-hand materials to form the theme.

② Scientific analysis method as the leading factor. The formation of the theme needs to go through an inductive and comprehensive thinking process, so we should be guided by dialectical materialism, be good at grasping the similarities and differences of things, explore the essence of things, grasp the development law of things, and make the theme scientific, correct, rigorous and practical.

③ Realizing social value. The theme extraction should conform to the development law of socialist market economy and aim at achieving the greatest social value and economic benefits. A theme without practical value is meaningless.

2, the establishment of the theme

(1), the theme established before writing.

② The theme should be correct and vivid.

3, the performance of the theme

Economic papers are different from artistic articles, so it is necessary to summarize the theme and clearly reveal the theme.

(1), centralized summary. In other words, an article can only have one center, and all materials should be elaborated and discussed around a theme, following the writing principle of one article and one thing. You can't write irrelevant or irrelevant questions in one article, forming a multi-theme and multi-center. The theme should be organized, summarized, thorough and rigorous.

2. Understand and reveal. In addition to the central idea and background, the theme elements also have a writing purpose, which is generally expressed directly in the text through self-explanation. There are two main forms of expression: premise and meaning at the end of the text. These two forms are directly expressed in concise words and summarized language at the beginning or end of the article, indicating the main content and central idea of the article and making the theme to the point.

The title directly reveals the theme and makes it more eye-catching.

Fourth, the conceptual structure

Structure is the main line of the article. Material selection only solves the substantive problems in the text, establishes the theme, and only realizes the rationality of the text. How to organize ideas and materials organically and make them orderly is a problem to be solved in the structure of the article. Structure is the internal structure of the article and the expression of the author's ideas on how to use materials to express the theme through logical thinking. The structure is formally expressed as the framework of articles such as levels and paragraphs; The internal connection of the content is manifested in the logical structure of the article, that is, the ideological system, constituent elements and the relationship between the various parts of the article.

1, the basic content of the structure

The content of the article structure is mainly composed of title, level, paragraph, transition, reference, beginning and end.

① Select the title. The title is the title. It is a concentrated summary and high concentration of the theme of the article. The title and theme are consistent. The title of the article is moderate in size. Too big is not easy to control, and it is easy for the hat to have no content. If it is too small, it is difficult to expand, and it is easy to get off topic and irrelevant.

The title should not be too long, and the number of words in the title of scientific papers should generally not exceed 16. Special circumstances are discussed separately. Personal opinion, try to use coordinate conjunctions as little as possible. The juxtaposition of conjunctions in titles often makes the article have two centers. I can't explain the last two. We should grasp the principle of one article, one thing, one article and one reason. The argument must be clear.

Level 2. Is the order in which the content is composed. It is a dry part of the article structure. There are mainly progressive, parallel, total score, vertical and horizontal forms.

Section 3. A paragraph is the smallest unit of the structure of an article, also called a natural paragraph, marked by a new line and a space at the beginning. Paragraph composition requires that the content should be relatively concentrated, a paragraph should express a complete meaning and the length should be moderate.

4 transition. Transition is the inheritance and cohesion of the content of the article, and it is the bridge between the form, level and paragraph of the article. Making good use of transition will make the cohesion and transformation between contexts natural and smooth, and the article is compact and logical. The commonly used transition methods are transition paragraphs, transition sentences, transition words and related words.

⑤ Care. That is, the attention and responsiveness of the content of the article is one of the skills of the article structure. Citation can make the content of the article closely related, the structure of the article complete and clear, the focus is prominent, and it is helpful to express the theme. There are several forms of anaphora, such as front and back anaphora, inscription anaphora and front and back anaphora.

6. At the beginning. The beginning is the starting point of the article structure and the writing place of the article content expression. There are many ways to start a scientific paper. Generally, the beginning of a scientific paper is clear about the meaning and purpose. You can also start with a summary, summarize the main contents and basic situation at the beginning, and then describe and explain in detail.

All landowners, end. The end is the end of the article structure and the end of the article expression. It is an important part of the structure of the article, and a good ending can often deepen the theme and deepen the reader's understanding of the article.

Generally, the end of a scientific paper is a summary, which further summarizes the content of the full text, echoes the beginning and plays the role of emphasizing the theme.

2. Principles and requirements of the structure

① Arrange the structure around the theme. Theme is the soul of an article, which determines the choice of materials and the arrangement of structure. Whether it contributes to the expression of the theme should be considered when planning the layout of the article and the connection with others, and the structural arrangement must serve the expression of the theme.

(2) The structural arrangement should be meticulous and complete. There should be no looseness, disorder, inconsistency, incompleteness or fragmentation, but the internal relations of all parts of the article should be expressed through logical relations, so that the content and form can be perfectly combined to form a unified organism.

5. Language expression.

Language expression should meet the needs of reasoning and revealing laws in scientific research papers. The general requirements are conciseness, accuracy, understanding and fluency, among which accuracy is the main one. There can be no ambiguity. Conciseness does not leave the paper body, without modification and carving.

Drafting and revision of intransitive verbs

With sufficient materials and clear themes, we entered the writing stage, mainly including writing an outline, drafting a manuscript, revising the manuscript and so on.

Basic requirements for writing:

Reflect policies and abide by laws and regulations

Reflect objective and comprehensive facts.

Clear and focused.

Rigorous structure and clear organization

Concise writing and solemn style.

1, write an outline

The outline is the overall design of the article, and it is the frame structure carefully arranged by the author, which embodies the overall idea, main points and structural level of the article. Draft the manuscript according to the ideas and outlines set in the outline, first list a general outline, and turn the central argument and sub-arguments into internally related titles. It is used to draw up several main questions, determine their order, expand the subtitle into the content of the article, and indicate what materials are used in the subtitle.

Step 2 draft a manuscript

We should follow the ideas and viewpoints of the outline, adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, embody the established theme of the article, follow the writing rules, and write high-quality manuscripts.

3, modify the manuscript (specification ontology, cutting floating words)

That is, make necessary adjustments and processing in the form and content of the draft. Revise important links to improve the quality of manuscripts. Revision generally considers the following aspects:

(1), viewpoint modification. Mainly depends on whether the viewpoint is correct, whether the questions raised in the article grasp the essence of things, and whether the suggestions put forward are feasible.

② Material modification. Mainly depends on whether the materials and viewpoints are unified, whether the materials are convincing and whether the materials need to be enriched.

③ Modification of structure. Mainly depends on whether the structure of the article is reasonable and meets the requirements of logic and standardization;

(4), text modification. Mainly depends on whether the written language is concise, accurate, smooth and natural, whether punctuation is used correctly and so on.

Seven, the overall requirements:

1, reasonable. The classic of emotion and literature, the rational latitude of resignation. After the correction, the latitude line is formed, and the speech is smooth after the conclusion.

Common sense is application, understanding is stereoscopic, and change is keeping pace with the times. There is no fixed contract in thinking, but there is eternal reason.

2. Clear organization. Organize an article and link it into a chapter. The article should be logical.

3, the language is concise, concise to achieve the goal, blog posts should be loved. It takes more than two sentences to make it clear. What can be explained in one sentence does not need two sentences.

4. Wen Gui is innovative, refined and elegant. To say the truth that the predecessors did not say, the depth that the predecessors did not reach.

5. Wen Gui is one. An article only explains one truth, so don't ramble. Nothing is clear. The principle is one thing, one thing and one reason.

In short, writing a paper should be well-founded, orderly and useful.

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