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Knowledge points for preparing for the exam at the end of the eighth grade Chinese Volume II (2)
8. The "day" and "month" in the two short essays are selected from the prose collection "Dragon? Tiger? Dog, written by Ba Jin. His main works are Riptide Trilogy (Home, Spring and Autumn) and Love Trilogy (Fog, Rain and Electricity).

"Japan" passed? Moths praise their fathers day after day? Two examples praised their heroic dedication to the pursuit of light and heat, and expressed their determination to fight bloody battles in cold and loneliness.

"Month" has passed? Me? The feeling of Leng Yue's invasion shows the coldness and lifelessness of the real world, and praises the dedication to change the status quo like Heng E.

9. Haiyan is a famous prose poem written by Gorky. His major works include the autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth, My University, the novel Mother, and the script Ordinary Citizen. Haiyan was written by Gorky 190 1 year in March? Fantasia? At the end of "Melody of Spring", what is the original question? The song of Haiyan? The full text depicts the brave and happy image of Haiyan when the storm comes, profoundly reflects the rapidly developing revolutionary situation on the eve of 1905 Russian revolution, enthusiastically praises the brave and fearless fighting spirit of Russian proletarian revolutionary pioneers, and is an ode to proletarian fighting. Haiyan symbolizes the image of a pioneer of proletarian revolution who is brave, strong, optimistic, confident and dedicated. ? Seagulls, sea ducks, penguins? It symbolizes all kinds of selfish and cowardly fake revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries; ? Dark clouds and strong winds? Symbolize counter-revolutionary forces

10, Song is selected from Tears and Laughter by Lebanese poet and painter Ji Bolun. There are prose poems such as Tears and Laughter, Prophet and Shamo, among which there are five prose poems such as Song of Waves, Song of Rain, Song of Flowers and so on.

Song of Rain describes the running and changing process of raindrops in nature with personification and the form of rain's self-report, eulogizes the benefits raindrops bring to nature, praises raindrops' selfless dedication and broad mind, shows the beauty of life, expresses the poet's passionate feelings for life, and contains the author's spirit of loving and dedicating his life to the motherland.

1 1, Fear of Nature is an argumentative paper, which is selected from Wisdom of Nature. Yan Chunyou, the author, adopted the method of pushing forward layer by layer, from negation to affirmation? Conquer nature? The slogan begins with a combination of generalization and concrete expansion, and skillfully uses the method of comparison to make the argument full and first-hand. Fear of nature? The conclusion tells human beings to fundamentally change their ideas and never ask for anything again. Conquer nature? We should respect and care for nature, because human beings? Just an ordinary part of nature's body? Man and other things in nature are brothers.

12, Lop Nur, the disappearing Fairy Lake, from Concerned about Geological Disasters in China. The author WU GANG is reportage. By comparing past lives in Lop Nur, it is revealed that Lop Nur's disappearance from a beautiful lake is a tragedy of man-made destruction of the ecological environment. Infiltrate ideas such as ecological awareness, environmental awareness and sustainable development awareness into the text, alert the world with a strong voice and establish environmental protection for the whole people.

13, the author of the riddle of lemmings by Wei, is a very distinctive scientific essay. This paper introduces scientific knowledge by narrative, framework and dialogue, and introduces three mysteries of the Arctic lemmings from three aspects: the amazing reproductive ability is the highest in the animal kingdom; Lemmings don't breed like this every year. Once they are over-bred, they will have all kinds of strange suicidal behaviors, or stop eating, or take the initiative to provoke natural enemies, or change their coat color to attract natural enemies; The great migration of death, millions of lemmings gathered into a mighty team, rushed to the sea and died in the sea. The strange behavior of lemmings gives us a revelation: human beings should not breed unrestrained.

14, the return of geese is taken from Shaxiang Yearbook (a collection of natural essays and philosophical essays, collectively known as? The sacred book of the American resource conservation movement? ), written by Leopold, a famous American environmentalist, introduces the characteristics, laws and relations between geese and human beings by anthropomorphic means, and holds that geese are human partners and animals make the temple fair dance full of vitality, poetry and fun; Humans should love harmless animals and live in harmony, and should not harm them by virtue of their own advantages. Love? This word runs through the whole text. Obviously,? Protect and cherish wild animals? It is the theme of the full text, and the perfect combination of image, knowledge and lyricism is a major feature of this paper.

15, Feed Out is selected from Selected Short Stories of hoshi shinichi by hoshi shinichi, a Japanese modern science fiction writer who is famous for his mini-novels. The greatest feature of his works is ingenious conception. This article is a science fiction novel with the theme of environmental pollution. It tells the story that a typhoon blew down an ancient temple and a bottomless pit was exposed at the bottom of the temple. After studying this hole, it later became a place where people fill garbage. The contents flew out again. This novel reveals the relationship between man and the natural environment and warns the world to face up to environmental problems. The title of this novel is full of suspense. This was originally a young man's cry, but it also contained the team's shallow ignorance of nature. Finally, a small stone flew in. This circular structure is thought-provoking and thought-provoking.

16, "Singing Yunnan" Shen Congwen is an interesting prose writer, a native of Fenghuang, Hunan, a modern writer and a researcher of historical relics. The article describes the singing scenes on three occasions, with different contents and different techniques. The first part is Shan Ye's duet, mainly about singers; The second part is about mountain songs, mainly about singing environment; The third part is country songs, mainly singing scenes, full of taste and appreciation of nature, people and art, and the beauty of life gurgles out in the lyrical style of the author.

17 Wang Zengqi, the author of Duck Eggs in Dragon Boat Festival, is a native of Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province. Dragon Boat Festival custom? Duck eggs in hometown? Eat duck eggs on Dragon Boat Festival? Why don't you paint this frame with a heavy color first? Dragon Boat Festival? Atmosphere, and then write down the reputation and characteristics of duck eggs in my hometown by saying duck eggs, and finally get down to business? Eat duck eggs on Dragon Boat Festival? , focus on writing? Duck egg roll? Looking for fun and poetry in a plain life, savoring the taste of life in a small duck egg, revealing the nostalgia for childhood and the love for hometown between leisure and tranquility.

18, Scream is selected from Miscellanies of Beijing City. The author Xiao Gan, a writer, journalist and translator, introduced the moving scenes of hawking in the old Beijing market in plain but lively and humorous language, and introduced them from morning till night and all the year round. In the slow reminiscence tone, joy and nostalgia are revealed, and people can appreciate the rich interest contained in life.

19, Qi Jun, author of Spring Wine, author of articles by women writers in Taiwan Province Province? How about spring wine and Chinese New Year wine? A few things, with my innocence and loveliness, my mother's kindness and ability, and the villagers' simplicity and kindness, show the beauty of deep human feelings, folk customs and homesickness, with exquisite conception and vivid language.

Strangers on Earth is a series of novel texts by Feng Jicai describing the life of Tianjin citizens and small producers in the early 20th century. Among them, clay figurine Zhang and Haokou Yangba and clay figurine Zhang show his composure and ability by writing clay figurine Zhang and Hai Zhangwu, and he can be calm and calm in the face of the humiliation of Hai Zhangwu. In the two rounds of struggle, he is good at getting ahead of others and is unique. This paper introduces an ingenious and beautifully crafted essay on the sheep. Yangbawen language is simple, Tianjin flavor is strong and humor is vivid.

2 1. "Thinking with Zhu" is selected from the Selected Works of Wu Yun, a writer in the Southern Dynasties. This article is a parallel prose.

Parallel prose: prose which focuses on even sentences and pays attention to antithesis and melody.

The sentence that is always said in the article is: strange mountains and different waters, chinese odyssey;

The sentences with clear water on the side are: swimming with fine stones, looking straight;

In the story of Xiaoshitang? There are hundreds of fish in the pond. They are all swimming in the air. It has the same effect as the article with Zhu Yishu: you can swim with the fine stone and look directly at it.

Write fast-flowing sentences: fast-flowing arrows, if fierce wave rushes;

It not only shows the charm of Fuchun Mountain, but also shows the author's contempt for fame and fortune. The sentence is: people who fly kites against the sky look forward to the peak; He who is in charge of the affairs of the world looks at the valley and forgets rebellion.

The sentence to write the whole picture of Fuchun Mountain is: the wind and smoke are clean, and the Tianshan Mountain is * * * color.

22. The Biography of Mr. Wuliu is selected from the Collection of Tao Yuanming, a famous pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

A sentence that summarizes Mr. May 6th's personality characteristics is: quiet and demure, and I don't admire Li Rong. What is the echo? Compliment? These two sentences reflect the moral character of Mr.

23. Ma Shuo is selected from Selected Works of Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty.

Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong.

The main sentence in Ma Shuo's article is: Is there really no evil horse? I really don't know horses; The sentence describing the life experience of a swift horse is: only humiliated by a slave, don't let a thousand miles die in a trough;

The sentence that writes the root cause of burying a swift horse is: horse eaters don't know that they can travel thousands of miles and eat them;

The direct reason why a swift horse is buried (or a phrase that is often lamented by people without talent) is: there are often swift horses, but Bole doesn't;

The sentences that can reflect the concrete performance of burying a maxima are: strategy is not in the right way, food can't do its best, and songs can't make sense.

The performance of horse-eating people's stupidity: the strategy does not follow its path, the food can't make the best use of it, the song can't understand its meaning, and the strategy follows, saying: there is no horse in the world!

In the article, the author uses the writing method of supporting morality and traveling thousands of miles to meet Bole, which means that it is difficult for talented people to meet wise masters. He hoped that the rulers could identify talents and reuse them, so that they could give full play to their talents. He pinned the author's sense of resentment and poverty that talents were not satisfied, and satirized the rulers' burying and destroying talents.

A horse of a thousand miles contains talent;

Boleyu can find people who appreciate and appoint talents;

A shallow and stupid ruler who doesn't know, destroy and bury talents.

24. "Preface to Sending Dongyang" is taken from Song's Selected Works. The author Song Lian, a writer in the early Ming Dynasty, described the difficulties and experiences of teenagers studying hard, and encouraged young people to study hard and become people with both ability and political integrity.

25. "Yangzhou will enjoy Lotte for the first time" is selected from "Liu Yuxi Collection? Biased self shows the infinite bitterness of the author's being relegated and abandoned.

Bashan Chu River is desolate, giving up on itself for 23 years (secluded place for a long time)

Homesickness is empty, and when I go to my hometown, I feel like a rotten Keren (using allusions, the personnel are completely different, which is not what it used to be, as if it was a lifetime ago)

By the shipwreck, Qian Fan passed by, before the sick tree, Wan Muchun (suggesting the alternation of old and new politics with the natural law of metabolism)

Listen to your song today, temporarily, with the spirit of a glass of wine.

Tu Mu in Red Cliff: Selected from Fan Chuan's poems, it uses Battle of Red Cliffs's historical facts to express the author's helplessness to the hero's helplessness.

If the iron is not sold, it will be washed back and forth.

Dongfeng is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and Tongque Spring is locked in Er Qiao (imagine the result contrary to historical facts, and pour out the depression in your heart with history, which contains the philosophy of making people take advantage of opportunities)

Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Zero Ocean is selected from the complete works of Mr. Wenshan.

Once the hard work comes.

The writers studied in the first two sentences, such as official career, fought against Yuan and experienced four years of war.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the clouds are surging.

Life experiences ups and downs (metaphor for the country's ups and downs and dying, metaphor for the ups and downs and loneliness of life)

Fear beach says fear.

Sigh in the ocean (the former refers to the place, the latter refers to the author's mood)

Every man dies.

Better be a broken jade than a national integrity.

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Su Shi, whose real name is Zi Zhan and whose name is Dongpo Jushi, is selected from Dongpo Yuefu Notes.

Express the poet's optimistic and open-minded feelings from melancholy and sadness.

Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk, drunk, writing this article, pregnant.

When did the moon begin to appear? Ask sky wine, I don't know heaven palace, what year is tonight? I want to go home by the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, dancing in the cold on the top of the mountain and thinking about the shadow. How can it be like on earth! Lack: melancholy

Turn to Zhuge, a lowly household, and you should not hate when you are awake. Why do you prefer round ones at other times? People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. This is an old question. I hope people will be long-term, detached and open-minded.

(1) The sentence written between the lines is: Turn to Zhuge, low-lying, sleepless.

⑵ The words expressing the author's broad mind and understanding of the philosophy of life are: people have joys and sorrows, and the moon is sunny and full.

(3) Express your best wishes for life by writing down the month: Wish people a long life and take Wan Li Road.

⑷? It's an ancient shame, isn't it In the room? This thing? It means: people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has its ups and downs.

Goat? Tongguan nostalgia

Selected from Yolanda Sanqu Zhang, the word Ximeng, No.

Show the author's thoughts and feelings about the national economy and people's livelihood.

The mountains and peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers look at Tongguan Road and look west, which is called the sorrow of Qin and Han Dynasties. The palaces in each dynasty make the best of the earth and the people suffer; Death makes people suffer (main sentence)

26. The Story of Little Stone Pond is selected from Liu Zongyuan's Liuhe Dongji. Eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties? In ...

(1) Write a sentence with clear and pleasant underwater sound: Ming Pei Huan, for example.

(2) The view that water is clear and transparent is described in the side of the article: everything is like swimming in the air, the sun is clear, and the shadow is on the stone.

(3) Write a flexible and interesting sentence about the fish swimming in the pond: Don't move, you will die.

(4) The description of the meandering stream is: fighting in a snake makes the flicker visible.

(5) Small stone pond, flowing water, trees, fish swimming in the pool. Faced with such beautiful scenery, Liu Zongyuan, who was relegated to travel here, felt chilling, sad and quiet.

(6) in the text? If you wander in the air, the sun is shining and the shadow is on the stone? What are the sentences in Zhu's article? Just look straight at the protamine stone? The effect is the same, everyone wrote the crystal clear water, transparent and lovely, and the fish swam freely, as if it was fun to be with people.

27. The Story of Yueyang Tower is selected from Fan Wenzheng WeChat official account Collection. The author is Fan Zhongyan, Wen Xi, a politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the request of a friend, he wrote a note for the rebuilt Yueyang Tower. The background of Teng's rebuilding Yueyang Tower and Teng's achievements is: political harmony and prosperity;

What is the specific description? Yueyang Tower Grand View? The sentence that summarizes the panoramic view of Dongting Lake is: Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, make a vast soup, and the horizon is endless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night.

The two words that express the sadness of migrants are: going to the countryside to miss their hometown, worrying and sneering, being desolate everywhere, and feeling extremely sad;

The two sentences that express the joy of moving guests are: relax and be happy, forget the humiliation, leave the wine in the wind, and the fun will be gone;

The sentences describing the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake on a moonlit night are as follows: the moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, and the static shadows are heavy;

In the text? Go ahead and worry about retreating? Are you online? Become? With what? Back? Refers to? Become? Refers to the height of the temple. Back? Refers to the distance from the rivers and lakes;

The sentence that expresses the author's broad mind is: don't be happy for things, don't be sad for yourself.

The sentence that expresses the author's lofty political ambition is: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.

28. Zuiweng Pavilion is selected from Selected Essays of Ouyang Xiu, whose real name is Yongshu and Zuiweng Pavilion. In his later years, he was also known as Liu Yiju, a writer in the Song Dynasty. Eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties? This is a beautiful landscape travel note, written in Ouyang Xiu's second year in Chuzhou, which shows the author's broad-minded feelings of being content with the situation and happy to meet the people. Le? To sum up, there are three aspects: one is? The joy of mountains and rivers? ; And second? The joy of a feast? ; Three is? Happy people?

The meaning of writing a drunken man is not here but there, and the sentence where the interest lies is: the meaning of a drunken man is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers.

In this paper, the author describes the sunset scene in Langya Mountain: if the husband rises, the flowers bloom in the forest, the clouds return to the cave, and the twilight changes in the mountain.

The author of this paper describes the four seasons in a sentence: the wild fragrance is rich, the wood is beautiful and the shade is beautiful, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the truth comes out, and the four seasons are also in the mountains.

One sentence that points out the main idea of the full text is: the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers.

People know that swimming from Taishou is fun, but they don't know that Taishou's happiness is also fun.

One sentence that runs through the main line of this article is: the joy of mountains and rivers, the wine of the heart.

The famous sentence (broken sentence) that lays the lyric tone of the full text and runs through the main line of the full text is: the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers.

The United States has ulterior motives in attacking Iraq, which can be summed up by a sentence in The Drunken Pavilion: The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine.

29. Man Jing's Travels is selected from Yuan Zhonglang's Ji Jian Corner. The author Yuan Hongdao, whose name is Zhonglang, is Shigong, a writer in the Ming Dynasty. His brother Yuan Zongdao and his brother Yuan Zhongdao all have literary achievements, and they are called? Public Security Third Hospital? In their view, literature should? Express your spirit and don't stick to the rules? This article is a fresh landscape sketch, which vividly reproduces a? Urban residents? All winter? In a room? And now back to nature? Or a pheasant in a cage? resilience

30. Drinking in Five-character Poems was written by Tao Yuanming. This is a five-character ancient poem. The poet lived in seclusion in the country at leisure. By describing the scenery in front of him, he explained? The heart is far from self-centered? Philosophy expresses the author's quiet state of mind and rich spiritual life in seeking pleasure from natural scenery.

( 1)? Tao Jin Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone? Write a famous sentence related to chrysanthemums in Tao Yuanming's Drinking: Pick chrysanthemums under the hedge and see Nanshan leisurely.

(2) The famous sentence that reflects the poet Tao Yuanming's life ambition and shows his carefree seclusion life is: Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan shows that the poet is determined to get rid of the interference of the world and live a leisurely and quiet life: building a house is in a humanistic environment, with no horses and chariots.

Li Bai, the author of It's Hard to Go to Heaven, describes the hardships of the world in his poems, reflecting the poet's strong depression, depression and injustice after political setbacks. At the same time, it shows the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals.

(1) The poem that expresses the author's firm belief is: One day I will ride the wind and waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea.

(2) In this poem, the poem that can best show his positive attitude towards setbacks and persistent pursuit of ideals is: I will ride the wind and waves one day, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea, but in Xuanzhou Xie Lou Bie Jiao Yun, it is just the opposite? Since the world can't satisfy our desire, tomorrow I will loosen my hair and embark on a fishing boat journey to show the poet's powerful spiritual strength to get rid of depression.

Du Fu, the author of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, described the scene that the autumn wind broke the house and the night was wet, which showed the author's feelings of worrying about the country and the people.

(1) Although Du Fu is in a leaky hut, he is concerned about the poor in the world. There are thousands of buildings in Ande, and all the poor people in the world are very happy. call

(2) The two sentences that show Du Fu's determination to sacrifice himself for others and not regret until death are: When I suddenly saw this house in front of me, it was enough for me to freeze to death alone!

The author of "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Homecoming" wrote the strange cold of the snow in the northwest border in the form of songs, expressing the deep friendship of seeing off guests in the snow and the disappointment of friends returning to Beijing.

(1) The poem in Bai Xuege's Farewell to Tian Shuji's Home is:? Like the spring wind, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees? Write directly? Snow? These four poems are: ① and VIII. In the snow crossed the sky of Tatar ② until dusk, and the snow pressed our tent ③ to the snowdrift on the top of the road ④ leaving only his hoofprint.

(2) In this poem, the sentence of snowstorm in northern Xinjiang is: the north wind blows the white grass, and eight In the snow crosses the Tatar sky.

(3) The poem that plays an excessive role in connecting the preceding with the following is: the sand sea is deep and the ice is deep, and the clouds are Wan Li.

(4) The poem about the feeling of parting is: Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only hoofprint behind him.

Gong Zizhen, the author of Jihai Miscellaneous Poems, expressed the poet's complicated feelings when he resigned from his post and left Beijing, and showed the poet's unswerving strong character and feelings of serving the country.

(1) Gong Zizhen is carrying it? Stay away from sadness? After resigning and returning to China, he still cares about the future and destiny of the country. The poem is: falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more.

(2) After the poet resigned, the poem of parting sorrow is: the sky is crooked and the whip points to the end of the world.