NEET, which originated in Britain in 1980s, is the abbreviation of "not in education, employment or training", which refers to young people who have neither formal jobs, schooling nor vocational skills training and must rely on their families to make a living. This group generally refers to people aged 65,438+05 to 34 who are unmarried and depend on their parents or partners. In September 2004, the Japanese government made public the number of "NEET" in Japan for the first time. Statistics show that as of 2003, there were 520,000 "neets" in Japan. In the transitional society of China, there are also a large number of online families. The news media call them "old people" and "old people", while the academic circles call them "new unemployed groups" or "new unemployed groups".

The so-called "old man" refers to a young man who has reached adulthood and has the ability to make a living, but is still lying in the arms of his parents and is in a state of continuous breastfeeding. Their main source of livelihood is to ask their parents for money. And those young people who are still "gnawing" their parents when they are poor at home and their parents are unsustainable are called "neets". Whether "alongside" or "gnawing", this "new unemployed group" has now become a heavy family burden for some middle-aged and elderly people, thus causing new psychological anxiety. "New unemployed group" or "new unemployed group" refers to a social group dominated by young people who are unemployed voluntarily or involuntarily, including young people with low academic qualifications and skills, and some unemployed or unemployed college students. According to the analysis of relevant data, there are two kinds of judgments about this new unemployed group: First, in some places, the absolute number of "new unemployed groups" has exceeded the number of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises; Second, with the passage of time, this group will become the main part of the unemployed group in China. The Ministry of Labor's "2003-2004: China Employment Report" pointed out that only 40%-50% of the newly-added urban labor force can achieve employment, and the growth rate of newly-added unemployed youth is 63.2%; The widespread problem of youth employment in the labor market is becoming the main contradiction. According to a survey conducted by the Department of Labor and Social Security of Guangdong Province, in the third quarter of 2004, the number of newly unemployed young people in cities and towns in the province was13.56 million, which exceeded the number of "laid-off". Among the people who need employment, the age group of 654.38+06-34 is about 506.5438+05 million, accounting for 83.98% of the total number. There are various indications that the "new unemployed group" has surpassed the "old unemployed group" and become a new social problem facing contemporary China society.

Needy people in China can be divided into three categories: one is purely parasitic unemployment, relying on their parents to survive and unwilling to work hard; One is forced unemployment, which is caused by various reasons For example, people with low academic qualifications have no employment advantage, and those with high academic qualifications can't get high or low scores. Many people choose to continue their studies to delay the pressure after failing to choose a job. There is also a new type of non-traditional unemployment. They either choose to pursue their dreams, but the ideal of employment does not match the reality, leading to unemployment. Some women simply choose to be full-time wives or start their own businesses, completely abandoning the "working" lifestyle. The neet people in contemporary China have the following characteristics: 1, and most of them are only children; 2. Many NEET families who are actively unemployed have good family circumstances; 3. General lack of skills, social experience and stable income; 4. The thinking is maverick, the behavior is weird, and the marginalization trend is obvious. The emergence of NEET is the product of the times, and it may also be one of the costs of social modernization. From the development course of NEET in western developed countries, as a marginalized social group, NEET is always incompatible with the mainstream social values, and it is easy to go astray because of social prejudice and social discrimination, so many NEET have embarked on the road of self-destruction, such as drug abuse, prostitution, theft, robbery, suicide and so on. Undoubtedly, the NEET in China's social transformation is also a worrying social phenomenon. The phenomenon of "caring for the elderly" and "gnawing at the elderly" has caused many families a headache and caused a huge burden to society.

The main reasons for China's neet-eaters in the transitional period are: 1, and the only child is over-dependent. China's urban one-child policy, which was implemented in the late 1970s, led to the generation of only children after 1980s, but now the only children after 1980s have gradually become the main body of young people. However, due to their pampering from childhood, doting parents, low ability of independent living, weak spirit of hard work and heavy dependence, some only children with better family would rather be old than looking for a job. 2. Most NEET people have low academic qualifications and poor skills. A small number of neets are college graduates, but most of them are young people with low education. It is difficult to find suitable employment opportunities because of low academic qualifications, poor skills and lack of competitiveness in the job market, or unwilling to work because of low income. 3. The employment environment is grim. Contemporary higher education in China began to expand its enrollment on a large scale in the second half of 1990s, and the grim employment situation began to appear at the beginning of this century. In recent years, the national average employment rate of college students in China is only 70%, and about 1 10,000 unemployed college graduates will be added in 2005. In this case, many college students feel that no matter how hard they try to find a job, it seems difficult to find the job they want to do. On the other hand, even after finding a job, they will find that the actual job is far from their expectations, so that they have the choice of voluntary unemployment and unemployment. Of course, in reality, the causes of NEET are more complicated, because NEET, as a marginalized social group, has a high degree of internal heterogeneity, but the above reasons are undoubtedly the most important social reasons of this era.

In fact, from a deeper perspective, the emergence of a large number of new social phenomena, including the NEET, is the inevitable product of social transformation in contemporary China and the inevitable price of social modernization in China. The author believes that in the future social transformation process, similar new social phenomena will emerge one after another. In this regard, we should nip in the bud, study the development trend of new social phenomena at home and abroad in time, and prepare for the normal, healthy and high-speed social transformation in China.

Last year, there were two mass suicides in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture and Yoshinomachi, saitama. These 9 suicides are all young people, the oldest is 33 years old and the youngest is only 20 years old. According to the investigation of Saitama local police station, most of these suicides are under the pressure of employment and further education. At present, the youth unemployment rate in Japan has reached 10%, and the number of freelancers has exceeded 2 million. Recently, with the emergence of "NEET", Japanese society once again turned its attention to this new "race". The term "NEET" first came into being in Britain, which refers to people who don't go to school, work or participate in vocational training after compulsory education.

Trained young people. In September 2004, the Japanese government made public the number of "NEET" in Japan for the first time. Statistics show that as of 2003, there were 520,000 "neets" in Japan. Compared with the statistics of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the number of "neet people" has increased by 40,000 in just one year. The White Paper on Labor Economy classifies the non-working population aged 15 to 34 who have graduated but are not married, do not do housework or go to school as "NEET". If you count those who are still at school but don't go to school at all, the actual number of "neets" may be more. The explosion of "NEET" has caused serious social problems.

Tian Xuanshi, an associate professor at the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Tokyo, believes that there are many reasons for the high unemployment rate among young people, including objective factors such as economic situation, industrial restructuring and economic recovery. However, as a "neet", there are still subjective factors: first, young people's personal technical ability does not match the needs of enterprises, and second, young people don't know what they like to do, and they don't have jobs they like to do.

Three social roots of "NEET"

At present, Japan has three main understandings of the root causes of problems such as "NEET".

Deterioration of employment environment: Since the second half of the 1990s, the employment environment of young people in Japan has deteriorated, and many students feel that it seems difficult to find the job they want to do no matter how hard they try to find a job. On the other hand, even after finding a job, you will find that the actual work is far from your expectations, so that you have the idea of not working.

Consequences of educational individualization: The consequences of educational individualization and liberalization reform have widened the differences among Japanese students. In school, there is a serious polarization between students who are aware of learning and students who lack awareness of learning, and those who keep trying and give up trying. Young people even have the idea that even if they study hard and enter a good university or company, their future life will not change much. They just analyze their current situation, immerse themselves in their own world, and feel abandoned by the workplace, so that they gradually lose confidence and stop making any efforts.

Influence of family environment: family is the first place for a person to communicate with people other than himself. Under the joint action of family and surrounding environment, a person is either blamed or encouraged to gradually master the ability to survive in society. There are many reasons for the present situation of young people, such as family disharmony, one-child tendency, lack of communication with the surrounding areas and so on. Because the reasons are complex and diverse, there can be no simple solution, so we can only explore it step by step and seek the best solution.

The situation of "NEET" in Japan is different from that in Britain. In Britain, the "NEET" mainly exists in the age group of 16- 18 (accounting for 10% of the total) and most of them are not well educated. However, in Japan, "NEET" exists even at the level of high education, and the age of the target ranges from 15 to 34.

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