The application test has always followed the three-question model. Although new types of questions have appeared, the overall tone has not changed fundamentally. Now, regarding the answering rules and modes, we have summarized the following general answering rules for candidates' reference:

Please use no more than 150 words to summarize the main problems reflected in the given materials.

Understand the meaning of the question:

(1) word limit. 150 words. The elastic limit can only be within 10%. In principle, too high or too low will be deducted.

(2) expression. The answer is required to cover the main content of the full text, but the statement is required to be concise and not lengthy. Generally, specific examples or figures are not directly quoted.

(3) The scope is limited. It can only be summarized in a given material, and it is not allowed to jump out of the content delineated by the material and quote or play at will.

(4) Weighing. The main problems reflected in the material, that is, the main facts or concepts expressed. When answering questions, don't be limited to details, but look at the overall situation, be far-sighted and grasp the main questions from a macro perspective. It can be considered that the main problem is the tendentiousness in the text, which determines or dominates the thinking tendency or ideological change in the text.

Answer steps:

(1) Underline the main words and phrases in the text during reading. The main words generally do not include specific examples or figures, nor do they include the contents elaborated.

(2) Analyze the underlined sentences again, remove the restrictive sentences and leave only their main components.

(3) Organizing the left sentence with fluent language is the main problem reflected in the full text.

Answer:

Through the analysis of all the answers in the book, we think that a complete answer should mainly include three parts: general statement+sub-statement+truth statement.

(1) Refinement of the summary sentence: a summary sentence, which highly summarizes the main issues of the full text. The sentence pattern is "This is a style about subject+event 1+ event 2+ event 3". "Among them, the subject is the name of the main task involved in the article or the name of the unit mainly involved. Style refers to the genre of the given article, such as news reports, investigation reports, work summaries, speeches, cases, etc. Most of the time it is a case. Event 1 refers to the first action of the subject, which can also be understood as the first stage of the event. For a single article, there is only one core event, and only the event 1 is enough. For example, "This is a report about the debate on pure water advertising".

(2) Separate sentences. It is to express the contents involved in the summary sentence item by item. At this time, the following methods can be adopted according to the specific situation. (Note: Because the answers to the "Shen Lun" exam are generally objective and have a basically definite answer, the following methods are only different in angle, but the final answer should be the same. The so-called different roads lead to the same goal. Candidates must understand this, otherwise they will violate the requirements for answering questions. )

1. Link analysis. This method can be used for those given materials written in a vertical structure, that is, articles with chronological order or logical depth. For example, in response to a report reflecting the high drug price in the pharmaceutical industry: "Manufacturers set their own prices, middlemen increase prices layer by layer, doctors or hospitals prescribe high-priced drugs for their own interests, and patients buy high-priced drugs." This is analyzed according to the four links of medical circulation.

2. Participant analysis method. One thing may involve several parties. In clauses, we can answer questions about the behavior of all parties. For example, in view of the successful case of China 10 apple juice producers responding to the US anti-dumping lawsuit: "Low-priced apple juice from China entered the US market, causing dissatisfaction from the US, and the US initiated anti-dumping investigation and prosecution. China actively responded to the lawsuit, gave full play to favorable factors, won the lawsuit, and protected the interests of apple juice producers in China. The majority of candidates report that this method is the simplest and easiest. "

3. Chain analysis. Sometimes, the events involved in a material are linked one after another, and there is obvious connection between the events, so the chain analysis method is applied. For example, in response to a report about nine domestic color TV enterprises forming an alliance to sell color TVs at a limited price: "After nine color TV enterprises in Shenzhen formed an alliance, the relevant state departments questioned this. Experts believe that price alliance is a disguised monopoly, consumers are indifferent to it, and the internal opinions of alliance merchants are not unified, which eventually leads to the failure of color TV price limit. "

4. Type analysis method. For a material involving different kinds of people and things, it can be classified and expressed. For example, according to a survey report on the toy market in China: "The survey shows that the toy consumption in China has immeasurable development potential. Parents are eager for their children to succeed and are willing to buy more toys for their children. But the survey also shows that the adult toy market in China is basically blank. So far, there is no enterprise specializing in the production of adult toys, which contains huge business opportunities. The development and sales of toys are for adults, which is a new hot spot of toys in the world. "

5. Keyword analysis. For a given material, sometimes we feel that there is no place to write a summary. At this time, you can list the words that appear frequently in the text, and then connect them with the facts or opinions in the text. This is of great help to novices or people with poor psychological quality.

Two, with no more than 350 words, put forward solutions to the problems reflected in the given information. It is necessary to explain in an orderly way, and it should be targeted and operable.

Understand the meaning of the question:

1. Word limit: 350 words. The elastic limit can only be within 10%. In principle, too high or too low will be deducted.

2. Problem-solving object: propose a solution for the given material. The problem is within the given material, generally close, and rarely far.

3. Applicability. Because the recruited civil servants are talents who manage state affairs, they must think and think from the perspective of the government, and the proposed plan should be practical and not big and empty.

Answer steps:

1. According to the method mentioned above, briefly describe the main problems reflected in this paper. This is an important basis to ensure whether the countermeasures are targeted.

2. Look for the environment and conditions where the problem occurs. This is an important basis to ensure the feasibility of the solution to the problem.

3. According to the environment and conditions, put forward solutions from different angles or levels.

Answer:

1. Hierarchy method: Some problems can be solved from three levels: concept, system and concrete behavior. A. "Change the concept, change the existing concept of …, and establish the concept of … through …." B. "Establish … system (system), …" C. "Strengthen … management, (practical action)".

2. Functional classification: Many simulation questions are related to law. Therefore, when answering such questions, the scheme can be divided into four parts: enterprise or unit, government, law and individual. Usually, it is "what should enterprises do", "what should the government do", "what should the law do" and "what should individuals do".

3. Analysis of core elements: Grasp the core elements and propose solutions. It should be noted that to solve human problems, it is generally necessary to propose solutions from two aspects: concept and action. If the core element of "crashing into nothingness" in the simulation test (2) is "people, cars and roads", then the solution is:

(1) Improve the safety awareness of passers-by and supervise their behavior. Some concrete measures should be listed, such as strengthening traffic safety education and setting up traffic intersection safety supervision posts.

(2) Car owners must respect the lives of passers-by and cannot act without authorization because of legal authorization. If possible, they should try their best to avoid collisions.

(3) Road problems are mainly solved by the government, which should build more roads and repair more. (You should also list some specific methods, such as widening main streets, erecting overpasses on major traffic arteries, building underground passages, or closing some intersections that are prone to accidents. )

4. Participant analysis method: refers to what problems two or more parties of an event have and what problems they solve respectively. This kind of problem should be taboo, and solutions should be put forward according to the specific situation. This method is also the most acceptable to candidates, and candidates can practice this method more at ordinary times.

5. Focus analysis: Find out the focus of the contradictory struggle and solve it, just like solving the deadlock of the struggle. Starting from the reality of law, government and news, this paper thinks about and puts forward solutions from both macro and micro aspects. 1. Hierarchy method: Some problems can be solved from three levels: concept, system and concrete behavior. A. "Change the concept, change the existing concept of …, and establish the concept of … through …." B. "Establish … system (system), …" C. "Strengthen … management, (practical action)".

Third, the main problems reflected in the given information are discussed with self-made topics of about 1200 words. The center is clear, the content is substantial, and the discussion is profound and convincing.

Understand the meaning of the question:

1. Style: argumentative. It is an article discussing things or reasons.

2. Discussion content: the main problems reflected in the given materials. It can be seen that the examination requires candidates to grasp the main problems, because the recruited national civil servants must pay attention to balance when exercising state power. The most important thing in balance is to have clear priorities and weigh the pros and cons when considering problems.

3, the center is clear: that is, the point of view is clear, positive or negative, praise or condemnation, clear and unambiguous. It is best to use paragraph sentences in the text. First, it is convenient for the marking teacher to get the main information of the article quickly, and second, it is convenient for the candidates to write closely around the center when writing, so that the article has clear ideas, distinct levels and clear organization.

4. Enrichment of content: It means to combine theory with facts well in the process of discussion, and to present both reasons and facts. Facts and truth are closely linked, support each other and serve the central argument. Generally speaking, the general examples of the "application" exam mainly come from the given data, and the theory can come from the given data or be triggered from it.

5. Profound exposition: It is required to see the essence of things, not just phenomena, not limited to the surface of things, but to go deep into the core of things, point out the essence of the problem to the nail on the head and say it clearly. On the one hand, we should not only see the problems existing in its operation, but also analyze them from the aspects of system, concept and psychology, and then put forward practical solutions. Of course, the profound premise is that it must conform to the party's line, principles and policies and the current reality.

6. Persuasiveness: This is the requirement for the arguments, arguments and arguments of the article. The arguments should be clear, strong and logical. The three are as inseparable as roofs, walls and structures.

7. Judging from the purpose of the civil service examination, the basic requirement of marking papers is objectivity and fairness. Therefore, even essay questions, although candidates have some room to play in answering questions, are generally very standardized. Therefore, the composition must be standardized from the aspects of title, structure, language and writing, so as to be conducive to writing and marking.

Writing steps:

1. Read the full text and grasp the main problems.

2. Think about the main issues raised by the data and extract the central argument. From the perspective of government workers, we should pay attention to the interests of the country.

3. Choose materials that can prove appropriate around the central argument, brew a writing outline in your mind, and make a good layout of the full text.

4. Express the content of the mature article in your mind. Be careful not to modify it at will, do not write typos, and keep the roll surface clean.

Article writing:

1. Choose the title carefully. The title is the key to the success of the article. There are roughly two forms of titles: one is a statement, which mainly includes two situations: the content revealed by the title and the theme. Reveal "thinking about MBA" and other contents, and reveal the theme of "speeding up the reform for hospitals". In order to have more Haier in China, we should dare to go to court with foreigners, and the "three stresses" education must not go through the motions. The advantage of this title is that people can know the content or topic of discussion at a glance. One is rhetorical question, such as how much noise you can bear. The advantage of this title is that it can arouse suspense and arouse readers' thinking. However, since it is a civil service exam, most of the time the topic should go straight to Chen Qi. For those unaccustomed events, the use of rhetorical questions can make people alert and play a role in shocking people. In addition, titles usually contain the most common words in the text. In this way, candidates should not arbitrarily elevate the theme, discuss it, and be close to the material.

2. The text is written in three stages: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems.

Questions should be concise and to the point, and the facts and theoretical materials provided in the materials are generally used to ask questions.

Analysis of problems should be closely combined with materials, and we should not ramble and talk nonsense. We should concentrate on discussing the main issues, with detailed descriptions, detailed descriptions of key contents and slight descriptions of secondary contents, but we should give consideration to the overall and local relations, and we should not only see positive situations, but also pay attention to secondary issues. The solution to the problem should be organized and hierarchical. When it comes to relevant departments, the solution should reflect the spirit of performing their duties, doing their best and working together. Analysis of problems should be carried out in the following ways: from appearance to essence, from micro to macro, from special to general.

The solution depends on the steps of analyzing the problem. It is best to put forward the solution one after the other, with one lid corresponding to one cup. Solutions should not only have a general idea, but also list practical means or measures. Make the solution not only take care of the overall situation, but also take care of special circumstances, not only solve the main problems, but also control the secondary problems, especially to prevent new problems from breeding again.

When analyzing problems and proposing solutions, it is suggested to adopt different ways to list them item by item, so that the marking teacher can see at a glance. Or use a paragraph sentence. The first sentence of each paragraph summarizes the general idea of this paragraph. In short, candidates should understand that this simple and quick composition method is desirable and worth popularizing, no matter from the specific situation of marking teachers or from the elegant demeanor of government work.

In any case, the writing language of the article requires not to use flowery rhetoric or complicated decorative language. After all, the work style of the organ requires stability and cannot be frivolous and naive. In simple and plain language, language is subordinate to and serves the genre of the article. The article required by Shen Lun focuses on solving practical problems, and must be easy to understand and accept, so as to effectively assume the role of managing state affairs.

Civil servants should have the overall concept and comprehensive ability, have an all-round and multi-angle way of thinking, be good at comprehensive analysis of various things and factors, and have strong analytical and inductive abilities; Secondly, civil servants should be able to understand and master objective laws and have profound insight. On the basis of scientific analysis of a large number of data, we can see the essence of problems through complex external phenomena, be good at finding big problems from small signs, make correct judgments and choices in time, and make good solutions and concrete measures to problems; Thirdly, the "Shen Lun" test can measure how much information candidates have, how fast they are, and whether they are right or wrong. In addition, the application examination is rigorous and flexible, which can effectively examine the written expression ability of candidates, and requires candidates to abandon rhetoric and gossip, and thoroughly, comprehensively and clearly analyze, demonstrate and solve problems.

General sentence patterns of civil servant examination application

(1) Improve relevant laws and regulations.

Match common sentence patterns:

The ancients said: "With copper as a mirror, you can dress your clothes;" Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. "Taking the law as a mirror can break the truth. The effective solution of any social problem can not be separated from perfect laws and regulations. In view of the problems of imperfect laws and chaotic law enforcement in the materials, the National People's Congress and relevant organs with legislative power should improve relevant laws and regulations on the premise of respecting objective facts, avoid the phenomenon that lower-level laws violate higher-level laws and laws and regulations at the same level, and form a fair and unified law enforcement scale, so as to effectively solve this social problem.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

The ancients said: "With copper as a mirror, you can dress your clothes;" Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. "Taking the law as a mirror can break the truth. The effective solution of overload problem can not be separated from perfect laws and regulations. In view of the problems of imperfect relevant laws and chaotic law enforcement in the materials, the People's Congress of China and the relevant departments of the State Council should improve the highway law and traffic safety law on the premise of respecting objective facts, avoid the contradiction between the highway law and traffic safety law, form a fair and unified law enforcement scale, and effectively solve the overload problem.

(2) Strengthen publicity and education.

Match common sentence patterns:

If we want to solve a series of social problems reflected in the materials perfectly, it is far from enough to rely solely on the unilateral governance of administrative organs. "Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it." Only with the understanding and support of the people can the countermeasures to solve this problem be implemented smoothly. Therefore, we should make full use of newspapers, television, radio and other media to publicize the harmfulness of this social problem, the significance and purpose of governance, and the measures to control this problem, so as to form a strong public opinion atmosphere, so that the people can consciously assist the relevant government departments to carry out governance work and promote the effective solution of this problem.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

If we want to solve the problem of overloading reflected in the materials perfectly, it is far from enough to rely solely on the unilateral governance of the road administration department and the transportation department. "Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it." Only with the people's understanding and support can the overload control policy be implemented smoothly. Therefore, we should make full use of newspapers, television, radio and other media to publicize the harmfulness, significance, purpose and measures of overload control, and form a strong public opinion atmosphere, so that the people can consciously assist the relevant government departments to carry out overload control and promote the effective solution of overload control.

(C) to strengthen cooperation and coordination between management departments

Match common sentence patterns:

Relevant government departments should coordinate with each other, cooperate with each other, form a joint force, work in the same direction, and jointly manage this social problem. Because things are always universally related, there are no isolated things. Similarly, the causes of social problems are diverse and interrelated, and the causes of social problems are not single. Therefore, the solution of social problems often requires the participation of many forces. In the government management mechanism, all departments are the forces to solve social problems. Only by exerting their writing spirit can the countermeasures to solve the problems be truly implemented.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

Relevant government departments should coordinate and cooperate with each other to form a joint force to control the overload problem in the same direction. Because things are always universally related, there are no isolated things. Similarly, the causes of social problems are diverse and interrelated, and the causes of social problems are not single. Therefore, the solution to the overload problem often requires the participation of many forces. In the government management mechanism, the road administration department and the transportation department are the forces to solve the overload problem. Only by exerting their writing spirit can the overload policy be truly implemented.

(D) improve the management level of managers

Match common sentence patterns:

There are objective reasons for the social problems reflected in the materials. However, in the process of solving this social problem, some managers lack the experience and skills to solve this social problem, which also restricts the effective solution of this social problem to some extent. Therefore, from the perspective of building a learning government, we should improve the overall level of the management team by increasing the training of civil servants' professional skills and professional ability and on-the-job education, and then comprehensively improve the management level of government management departments in the new period, thus effectively solving this social problem.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

The problem of over-limit and overload embodied in materials exists, although there are objective reasons. However, in the process of overload control, the relevant highway departments and transportation departments lack the experience and skills of overload control, which also restricts the effective solution of overload control problem to some extent. Therefore, from the perspective of building a learning government, we should increase the training and on-the-job education of civil servants' professional skills and professional ability, improve the overall level of the overload control team, and then comprehensively improve the management level of highway departments and transportation departments in the new period, so as to effectively solve the overload control problem.

(E) the establishment of a balance of interests mechanism

Match common sentence patterns:

The process of solving any social problems is actually a process of balancing interests, and the social problems involved in the materials are no exception. As for the method of balancing the interests of all parties, on the one hand, our management department can increase the motivation to solve this social problem by formulating a reasonable interest distribution or coordination mechanism. On the other hand, this social problem can also be effectively solved by forcing all stakeholders to obey a certain way of interest distribution (such as amending or perfecting relevant laws and regulations).

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

The process of solving any social problem is actually a process of balancing interests, and the overload problem is no exception. As for the way to balance the interests of all parties, on the one hand, our transportation departments and road administration departments can increase the motivation to solve the overload problem by formulating a reasonable interest coordination mechanism. On the other hand, it is also possible to make all stakeholders obey the interest distribution method formulated by the management department through compulsory means (such as improving the highway law and traffic safety law), so as to effectively solve the problem of overloading.

(6) Strengthen mass participation.

Match common sentence patterns:

All social problems should be solved with the participation of the masses, whether in the design and evaluation of solutions, so that the masses can enjoy the right to know, participate, make decisions and supervise. The process of participation is the process of information disclosure, and for the government, it is the process of government transparency. We need an exclusive solution, not a closed solution. Therefore, we should establish relevant participation mechanisms on this issue to mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses for self-management. On the one hand, it can save the administrative cost of solving this social problem, and at the same time, with the support of the broad masses of the people, it can improve the effectiveness of the countermeasures.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

All social problems should be solved with the participation of the masses, whether in the design and evaluation of solutions, so that the masses can enjoy the right to know, participate, make decisions and supervise. The process of participation is the process of information disclosure, and for the government, it is the process of government transparency. We need an exclusive solution, not a closed solution. Therefore, we should establish relevant participation mechanisms on the issue of overload to mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses for self-management. On the one hand, it can save the administrative cost of solving the problem of overload and overrun, and at the same time, with the support of the broad masses of the people, it can improve the effectiveness of the overload control policy.

(7) Building an interest-oriented mechanism.

Match common sentence patterns:

Only by replacing the traditional "punishment mechanism" with "interest-oriented mechanism" can we fundamentally solve social problems. Any social problem, as long as it involves human factors, must be driven by interests. Since interest-driven can lead to this social problem, can interest-driven solve social problems in turn? The answer is, of course, yes. Therefore, as long as we fully publicize and educate the public, let them know the seriousness of this social problem, and at the same time launch a series of incentive mechanisms, so that the public can consciously cooperate with the government's work from the perspective of safeguarding their own interests, then the effectiveness of the countermeasures will be greatly improved.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

Only by replacing the traditional "punishment mechanism" with "interest-oriented mechanism" can the overload problem be fundamentally solved. Any social problem, as long as it involves human factors, must be driven by interests. Since interest-driven will lead to the problem of overload, can interest-driven reverse the problem of overload? The answer is, of course, yes. Therefore, as long as we fully publicize and educate the public, let them know the seriousness of the overload problem, and at the same time launch a series of incentive mechanisms, so that the public can consciously cooperate with the government's work from the perspective of safeguarding their own interests, the effectiveness of the overload control policy will be greatly improved.

(8) Deepening the reform of the mechanism.

Match common sentence patterns:

Perhaps we should see that the solution of this social problem is still at a critical stage. To establish a perfect solution mechanism, many deep-seated problems must be solved, which is very difficult. This social problem involves a wide range, touches many deep-seated interest adjustments, and the complexity and arduousness of solving the problem have obviously increased. Faced with this situation, we should continuously deepen the reform of the administrative management system involved in this social problem, reduce and standardize relevant administrative procedures, reasonably define the rights and responsibilities of relevant administrative departments of governments at all levels, and strengthen cooperation and coordination. By means of reform, we can eliminate the institutional problems that hinder the effective solution of this social problem and provide a strong institutional guarantee for the comprehensive solution of this social problem.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

Perhaps we should see that the solution to the overload problem is still at a critical stage. To establish a perfect solution mechanism, many deep-seated problems must be solved, which is very difficult. The problem of overloading involves a wide range, touches many deep-seated interest adjustments, and the complexity and arduousness of solving the problem are obviously increased. Faced with this situation, we should continuously deepen the reform of administrative management system involved in the overload problem, reduce and standardize relevant administrative procedures, reasonably define the rights and responsibilities of relevant administrative departments of governments at all levels, and strengthen cooperation and coordination. Through the reform, the system and mechanism problems that hinder the effective solution of the problem of overloading are eliminated, which provides a strong institutional guarantee for comprehensively solving the problem of overloading.

(9) Strengthen supervision and management.

Match common sentence patterns:

In the process of solving this social problem, we will find that the key lies in strengthening supervision and management. Once any social problem occurs, even if it can be effectively managed, the manpower and material resources spent are undoubtedly huge. Our best countermeasure should be to nip social problems in the bud. Therefore, the relevant regulatory authorities in China should further strengthen the functions of comprehensive supervision, organization, coordination and investigation of this social problem, strive to improve the level of comprehensive supervision and effectively prevent this social problem.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

In the process of solving the overload problem, we will find that the key lies in strengthening supervision and management. Once any social problem occurs, even if it can be effectively managed, the manpower and material resources spent are undoubtedly huge. Our best countermeasure should be to nip social problems in the bud. Therefore, China's traffic management departments, road administration departments and other relevant regulatory departments should further strengthen the comprehensive supervision, organization and coordination of the overload problem and perform the function of investigating the overload problem, strive to improve the comprehensive supervision level and effectively prevent the overload and overrun problem.

(10) Increase investment.

Match common sentence patterns:

At present, our country is in the prominent period of social contradictions, and there are many social problems that need to be handled and solved by the government, so in the process of solving a particular social problem, we often encounter the problem of insufficient investment. In this regard, on the one hand, the relevant government departments can increase their investment in solving this problem through administrative appropriation according to their own capabilities, and at the same time, because China is in the primary stage of socialism, it may not have enough financial resources to completely solve this problem from the beginning. Therefore, under the guidance of the government, we can also appeal to the public to pay attention to this social problem through various ways of raising funds (foundations, welfare lottery tickets, government special bonds, social fund-raising activities, etc.). ), strive to get some funds from this social channel to help solve this social problem.

The application of common sentence patterns (taking the social problem of "controlling overload" as an example);

At present, our country is in the prominent period of social contradictions, and there are many social problems that the government has to deal with and solve, so in the process of solving a specific social problem (such as overload), we often encounter the problem of insufficient investment. In this regard, on the one hand, the transportation and road administration departments of the government can solve the overload problem by increasing investment through administrative allocation according to their own capabilities, and at the same time, because China is in the primary stage of socialism, it may not have enough financial resources to completely solve this problem from the beginning. Therefore, under the guidance of the government, we can also appeal to the public to pay attention to this social problem through the way of "Road Safety Foundation", and strive to obtain some funds from this social channel to help solve this social problem.

1) application, first analyze the materials, put forward problems, and then put forward countermeasures (4-5 points), and then summarize and comprehensively discuss.

2) When proposing countermeasures, you can read more materials and sometimes copy sentences from the materials.