English contains different grammatical structures from Chinese, and the number of words in vocabulary will be different. As long as the abstract is consistent with the translation, it will not affect the content of the paper.

It is a brief statement of the contents of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusions of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. This is an independent and complete paper. According to different contents, abstracts can be divided into the following three categories: reportable abstracts, indicative abstracts and reportable indicative abstracts.