I. Feeding management during brooding period
1. The hen house was thoroughly disinfected by the preparation before hatching. All the equipment in the house should be overhauled. The temperature of the henhouse should be raised to 33℃, and the relative humidity should not be lower than 60% before chicks can enter. Lighting is set to 23-hour lighting and 1 hour darkness. Put the water dispenser in a bright place, which is convenient for chickens to find.
2. Choose healthy and lively chicks with strong struggle, crisp cry, good navel, clean feathers and good tidiness. Provide drinking water (not lower than 35℃) to chickens, feed them as soon as possible after inoculation in the henhouse, ensure that every chicken can drink and eat normally, and provide artificial help to chickens that don't drink water. It is forbidden to clean the ground within 15 days after the chickens enter the house.
Second, the breeding management in the breeding period
1. Construction of stocking yard
① After the purse seine stocking site is determined, nylon net should be selected to form a closed fence, and the height of the fence is1.5m. Chickens can feed freely in the fence. The area of the fence depends on the number of chickens raised. Generally, each chicken covers an average area of 8 square meters.
② The chicken coop should be built in a place with high terrain, dryness, good drainage and more than 500 meters away from the highway. It can also be built in the forest or on the edge of woodland, facing south. The henhouse can be a plastic shed with a width of 6 meters, and the length depends on the number of chickens. The roof and inner layer of the shed are covered with a layer of straw for heat preservation, covered with plastic film and fixed with ropes. The lower edges on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the plastic greenhouse can be rolled up or put down to adjust the indoor temperature and ventilation. The ground in the shed can be padded with fine sand to make the room dry, and 6-8 chickens can be raised per square meter. At the same time, it is necessary to build multi-layer egg-laying nests and habitats, and the size of the egg-laying nests should be suitable for accommodating 2 chickens.
2. Key points of feeding management
The growth period refers to the period from the temperature of chicks (3 1-240 days old) to the delivery of hens and the listing of roosters, which is the key period for the growth and development of chickens. Attention should be paid to the following technical points of feeding management.
① Selection of stocking season: Try to arrange chicks to start stocking when the daytime temperature is not lower than 10℃.
(2) Stocking, coaching and training In order to make Chai chicken return to the shed on time and facilitate feeding. In the morning and evening, when the de-warmed chicken is out of the stall, you can regularly knock on the pot or whistle for counseling and training. Two people work best together. A man blew a whistle in front to clear the way, spread feed, and let the chickens follow. The other person drove behind with a bamboo pole until all of them entered the feeding point. In order to strengthen the effect, a few days before departure, feed tanks and water tanks are set up in the stocking area at noon every day, a small amount of full-price feed and clear water are added, and the whistle is blown to introduce food 1 time. At the same time, the breeder should drive away the chickens that returned to the house in advance in time. At night, we will go back to the house for training in the same way. After several days of repeated training, chickens can establish conditioned reflex.
(3) Provide sufficient drinking water. Put some drinking utensils within the range of chicken activities, such as water for every 50 chickens 1 porcelain basin. At the same time, avoid letting chickens drink unclean water.
④ Regular and quantitative supplementary feeding The supplementary feeding time should be fixed and cannot be changed at will. You can make up less in summer and autumn and more in spring and summer; At the age of 30-60 days, about 25 grams of concentrate should be supplemented every day, and 1-2 times a day. The reference formula is: corn 6 1%, soybean meal 15%, peanut cake 6%, bran 7%, fine bran 5%, fish meal 3%, bone meal 1.7%, vegetable oil 1% and salt 0.3%. After 8 weeks of age, in order to improve the energy concentration and feeding amount of feed, it is necessary to increase fat, but not butter, sheep oil and other strong-smelling fat. The addition amount of fat is 3%-5%. The dosage of concentrated feed should be 30g-35g for 3-4 months old, 40g-45g for 5-6 months old and 50g-55g for 7-8 months old, twice a day, morning and evening 1 time.
⑤ Fermented worms are made by adding 20% fertile soil and 3% bran to sterilized fermented pig manure and chicken manure in grazing land, and then covering with plastic film for fermentation for about 7 days. Spread the fermented material on the brick floor, spread the grass and keep it moist for about 20 days. Sprinkling a part of fermented materials to chickens every day can save feed by 30%.
⑥ Make-up lighting Natural lighting is short in winter and spring, so artificial make-up lighting must be implemented. It is advisable to use 5 watts per square meter. 10 From night to night, from 6 am to dawn. You can't fill the light suddenly for a long time. The light will increase by half an hour every day and gradually transition to 10 at night. If the natural light exceeds 1 1 hour every day, there is no need to supplement the light. After turning off the lights at night, there should be some weak lights to illuminate all night, so that chickens can walk and drink water. When there are many insects in summer, you can hang some purple lights or incandescent lamps in your habitat.
⑦ Measures should be taken to prevent weasels, eagles and other natural enemies from catching chickens. If you keep Chai chicken in the orchard, you must use biological pesticides when spraying pesticides.
(8) Regular epidemic prevention and deworming According to the epidemic prevention regulations of chicken diseases, 1.5 30-day-old freeze-dried Newcastle disease vaccine I was given nasal drops or eye drops, and chickenpox was inoculated with subcutaneous double needles; 40 days avian influenza
Subcutaneous injection of 0.4ml； into the back of oil seedling stem; 1 freeze-dried vaccine for laryngotracheitis in the first 50 days; Intramuscular injection of 60-day-old freeze-dried Newcastle disease strain I vaccine 1 head; 90-day-old laryngotracheitis freeze-dried vaccine was given to 1 head; 1 10-day-old chicken pox freeze-dried vaccine was injected subcutaneously with double needles, 0.6 ml of Newcastle disease oil vaccine was injected intramuscularly, and 4 parts of Newcastle disease IV series drinking water were given; 120 day old avian influenza
Intramuscular injection of 0.6 ml oil seedling. Regular use of drugs to repel insects.
Pet-name ruby careful management needs "five diligence" in the growth period. One is to observe the chickens frequently. Healthy chickens are always scrambling to fly out, while sick chickens are slow or unwilling to leave home. Second, always observe when cleaning. When cleaning the henhouse and cleaning the feces, observe whether the feces are normal. Third, always observe when filling materials. Always observe the mental state of chickens when feeding. Healthy chickens tend to be impatient, while sick chickens don't eat or react slowly. The fourth is to observe frequently when breathing. Listen to the chicken's breathing after turning off the lights at night. If there is a "giggle" sound, it means that there is a disease in the respiratory tract. The fifth is to observe frequently when eating. From stocking to opening, the feed intake gradually increased to normal. If sick chickens are found, they should be treated and isolated in time.
Third, the feeding management during the laying period
When the weight of hens reaches 1.3kg- 1.5kg, the male-female ratio of commercial laying hens is 1: 25. Feeding management means that chickens are allowed to eat freely in the stocking area during the day, with supplementary feeding 1 time in the morning and evening, and the daily supplementary feeding amount is 50-55g. During the whole laying period (24 1-600 days old), the following points should be done.
1. The nutritional concentration of feed in laying period should be mainly concentrated feed, supplemented by green juicy feed. The nutritional concentration of concentrated feed is 15%- 16%, calcium 3.5%, phosphorus 0.33% and salt 0.37%. In order to strengthen the transition period management of chickens, there should be a transition period from growing period to laying period. When the laying rate reaches 5%, laying hens will be fed. Generally, the transition period is 6 days, and the concentrate 1/3 will be changed every two days, and finally it will be completely replaced by laying hens.
2. Generally, the light is supplemented twice in the morning and evening, starting at 6: 00 in the morning, and starting at 6: 30 in the evening to 10, with full-day illumination 16 hours or more. After laying eggs for 2-3 months, the daily light supplement is adjusted to 17 hours, starting at 5: 00 in the morning and unchanged at night.
3. Look at the egg weight at the beginning of laying. After laying eggs for 2 months, the egg weight basically reached the normal standard, with an average of 24 eggs 1 kg. Insufficient nutrition will affect the weight of eggs. Second, look at the egg shape. Free-range eggs have perfect egg shapes. If the big head of the egg is too small to eat enough early, you should add enough concentrate. Third, look at the rising trend of egg production rate. After 3 months at the latest, the laying rate will reach about 60%; If the egg production rate fluctuates greatly, the reasons should be found from the feeding management. Fourth, look at the weight of the chicken. After laying eggs for a period of time, if the weight of the chicken remains the same, it means proper management; If the chicken is too fat or too thin, adjust the feeding amount. Fifth, look at the appetite. When feeding the chickens, the chickens will soon gather around for food, so you can feed more appropriately; If you come slowly and don't get together for food, you should feed less.
4. To prevent hens from laying eggs in the dark environment, nests can induce hens to build nests, so we should increase the number of egg picking to ensure that eggs do not stay overnight in the laying nest. Once found, the rooster should change the environment in time, put it in a cool and bright place, and feed more green and juicy feed, and the rooster will leave the nest soon.
5. Strict epidemic prevention and disinfection Chai chicken grows in a stocking environment and is easily affected by external diseases. The epidemic prevention and disinfection work must be in place. First, under the guidance of veterinarians, it is carried out in strict accordance with the chicken disease epidemic prevention procedures. Second, we must do a good job in sanitation and disinfection. There are disinfection belts or disinfection pools at the entrance and exit of the stocking yard, and tourists are not allowed to enter. Third, we must achieve "all in and all out." After each batch of chickens is stocked, the henhouse should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and the utensils and pots used should be fumigated 1 time before entering the next batch of chickens.
6. Pay attention to the bad weather or bad weather, and feed the chickens back to the shed in time, and don't raise them in the mountains to avoid casualties and losses.
The first type: epidemic prevention
Procedure 1: ① 1 day old, Marek's disease vaccine was injected subcutaneously into the neck. ② At the age of 7 days and at the age of 265,438+0 days, 28/86 new kidney vaccine was added to eyes and nose. Before immunization, open the vaccine bottle and physiological saline bottle, transfer a certain amount of physiological saline into the vaccine bottle with a straw, pour it into the dilution bottle after the vaccine is completely dissolved, and use it after dilution. ③ At the age of 65438 04 and 28 days, the vaccine of bursal disease was dripped into nose, and the 500th feather was diluted to 65438±05ml with normal saline. ④ Vaccination with fowlpox vaccine at the age of 35 and 90 days. Seeds should be planted on the inside of chicken wings, avoiding blood vessels, muscles and joints. After 4-5 days of immunization, check the pricking of chickens. If there is scab at the inoculation site, it means that the thorn seed is successful. ⑤ At the age of 40 days, the oil vaccine of avian influenza was injected subcutaneously into the neck and back, and each chicken was 0.3 ml. ⑥60 days old, intramuscular injection of Newcastle disease I vaccine. ⑦ 1 10 days old, intramuscular injection of the new one minus two vaccine. ⑧ 125 days old, intramuscular injection of avian influenza vaccine. Inject in the chest or thigh. Don't pull out the needle immediately after injection, or the vaccine will flow out.
Procedure 2: ①3-day-old, drinking water with Chuanzhi H 120. ② At the age of 4 days, coccidia vaccine was dripped. ③7-day-old NDV Ⅳ strain drips or drops. ④ At the age of 0/4 days, D78 of bursa of fabricius drank water. ⑤2 1 day old, the bursa of fabricius D78 drinks water. ⑥28 days old, drinking water for Newcastle disease ⅳ.
Second:
Under the guidance of Professor Zang Sumin of Hebei Agricultural University, Chaiji Farm, a rural practical science and technology experimental demonstration base, has formulated a set of relatively perfect epidemic prevention procedures for Chaiji. After a period of strict implementation and careful observation, the epidemic prevention effect is good.
1 day, Marek's disease vaccine was injected subcutaneously into the neck.
At the age of 5 days and 17 days, the new kidney branch 28/86 vaccine was used for eye drops and nose drops. Before immunization, open the caps of vaccine bottles and saline bottles, and transfer a certain amount of saline into the vaccine bottles with straws. After the vaccine is completely dissolved, pour it into a dilution bottle and dilute it evenly before use. The vaccine of every 500 feathers was diluted to 25ml. After dilution, drop 1 into the nose and eyes of each chicken with a clean dropping bottle. After the vaccine is completely absorbed by the chicken, the chicken can be released. The diluted vaccine must be used up as soon as possible, otherwise the vaccine will be ineffective.
1 1 day-old, 25-day-old, the bursal disease vaccine was dripped into the nose, and every 500 chickens were diluted to 15 ml with normal saline.
At the age of 30 days, a new H52 vaccine was injected subcutaneously. Insert the syringe needle into normal saline, suck a small amount and insert it into the vaccine bottle. Shake the vaccine bottle, and after the vaccine is completely dissolved, use a syringe to move the vaccine to a dilution bottle, and add enough normal saline to dilute it to 150ml. Inject 0.3 ml subcutaneously into each chicken, and insert the needle under the skin of the chicken neck. The specific method is to lift the skin behind the neck of the chicken with thumb and forefinger, and inject the needle from the head parallel to the cervical vertebra.
At the age of 35 days and 90 days, they were vaccinated with fowlpox vaccine. Seeds should be planted on the inside of chicken wings, avoiding blood vessels, muscles and joints. After 4-5 days of immunization, you should check the situation of chickens. If there is scab at the inoculation site, it means that the thorn seed is successful.
At the age of 40, drink twice as much water as the bursal disease vaccine. Water supply should be stopped for 2-3 hours before epidemic prevention, and the water dispenser should be thoroughly cleaned. Drinking water should not contain drugs or disinfectants. Water consumption per 500 vaccines 10 kg. Dilute the vaccine first, and then mix it evenly. There should be enough drinking fountains when drinking water, and they should be placed evenly.
At the age of 60 days, a new bivalent vaccine was injected into the muscle.
At the age of 1 10, the new attenuated bivalent vaccine was injected intramuscularly.
125th day, the bird flu vaccine was injected. Inject in the chest or thigh, and change a needle for every injection of 1000 feathers. Don't pull out the needle immediately after injection, or the vaccine will flow out.