The US Food and Drug Administration stipulates that titanium dioxide can be used as a white pigment for all foods, and the maximum dosage is 1g/kg Sec. 73.575 titanium dioxide The pigment additive titanium dioxide can be safely used in general colored foods, but it must meet the following requirements:
(1) The amount of titanium dioxide shall not exceed 1% of the food weight.
(2) According to the special standard published in Article 40 1 of the Law, colored food shall not be used unless similar standards allow the addition of pigment.
(3) For colored food, the edible pigment additive titanium dioxide can contain appropriate diluent as a safe pigment additive, as follows: silica, as a dispersion assistant, with the content not exceeding 2%.
Product adaptation: preserved fruit, jelly, fried food, cocoa products, chocolate, chocolate products, hard candy, polishing sugar, gum sugar, puffed food, candy chocolate product coating, mayonnaise, salad dressing, jam, solid beverage, konjac gel food, etc.
A lot of titanium dioxide can be added to many foods, and cosmetics are no problem.
Question 2: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is chemically stable and generally does not react with most substances. There are three kinds of crystals of titanium dioxide in nature: flaky titanium, anatase and rutile. Electroplated titanium is an unstable crystal form and has no industrial use value. Anatase and rutile are stable crystal lattices and are important white pigments and enamels. Compared with other white pigments, they have superior whiteness, coloring power, hiding power, weather resistance, heat resistance and chemical stability, especially non-toxic. Titanium dioxide is widely used in coatings, plastics, rubber, printing ink, papermaking, chemical fiber, ceramics, daily chemicals, medicine, food and other industries. The coating industry is the biggest user of titanium dioxide, especially rutile titanium dioxide, which is mostly consumed by the coating industry. The paint made of titanium dioxide has bright colors, high hiding power, strong coloring power, small dosage and many varieties, which can protect the stability of the medium, enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the paint film, prevent cracking, prevent the penetration of ultraviolet rays and moisture and prolong the life of the paint film.
Titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) generally does not react with most substances. However, the parts of the human body in contact with the outside world have corresponding defense mechanisms to prevent harmful substances from entering. However, these defense mechanisms have limited effect on nano-TiO2 particles. Respiratory tract, epidermis and digestive tract are the three main parts where nanoparticles invade human body. Generally speaking, respiratory tract contact with nanoparticles is the most common way, so the most research on the biotoxicity of nano-titanium dioxide is lung toxicity. 2. Toxic effect of1on lung: After the lung is exposed to insoluble particles, with the extension of exposure time, inflammatory symptoms such as proliferation of inflammatory cells, injury of alveolar epithelial cells and increase of lung weight appear one after another. Zhang et al [using 1mg of 30nm nanometer titanium dioxide? L- 1 was injected into mice. After 30 days, it was found that the lung weight of mice increased significantly, while the total number of lung cells decreased by 50%. Afaq et al. [] also confirmed that ultrafine titanium dioxide (20nm) particles can cause interstitial lung tissue, induce inflammatory reaction and increase epithelial tissue permeability. Warheit et al [Research shows that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause instantaneous inflammation and cell damage within 24 hours. 2.2 Toxic effects on heart, liver, kidney, brain and other tissues. Nano-titanium dioxide can be transported to various organs, including the brain and heart, and has toxic effects on other organs because of its small particle size. Studies have confirmed that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause pathological changes in the circulatory system. Nurkiewicz et al. [found] Dropping 0. 1 or 0.25mg titanium dioxide with a particle size of 1μm into rat trachea for 24h caused dose-dependent damage to vascular endothelial cells. When Wang et al. [] studied the acute toxicity of titanium dioxide at 25 nm, 80 nm and 155nm, they found that 5g? After oral administration of kg- 1, two weeks later, it was found that the heart damage caused by 25 and 80nm groups was more serious than that caused by 155nm group. Titanium dioxide at 80 nm and 155nm also caused vacuoles in hippocampal neurons, indicating that there was fatty degeneration in the brain and that nano-titanium dioxide was neurotoxic. At the same time, the liver coefficient of mice in 25 nm and 80nm groups increased obviously, indicating that nano-TiO _ 2 can trigger inflammatory reaction in mice's liver. Pathological examination also found edema and necrosis of hepatic lobules. 80nm TiO _ 2 mainly accumulates in the liver, which proves that nano-TiO _ 2 has hepatotoxicity. At the same time, it was also found that there was a large amount of protein in the renal tubular fluid of mice in the 80nm group, and severe glomerular swelling occurred in the 155nm group, indicating that nano titanium dioxide was toxic to the kidney. Baan et al.' s research shows that pigment-grade titanium dioxide is potentially carcinogenic to human beings.
Question 3: Is titanium dioxide harmful to health? Titanium dioxide /...8
A few days ago, a European research institute committed to protecting human health in the fields of environment, workplace and food issued a proposal: it is required to define titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) as a carcinogen!
The French Agency for Food Environment and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) pointed out in the document that titanium dioxide is commonly used in coatings, building materials and other industrial and daily consumer goods. According to the research results, it is suggested that it should be classified as a 1B carcinogen that may cause cancer through inhalation.
The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has released the document submitted by ANSES on May 3, 20 16, which requires titanium dioxide to be included in the unified classification of hazardous substances.
At present, this document is being consulted in EU countries, and the deadline is 2065438+July 65438+May 2006. After that, ECHA will have 65,438+08 months to consider and submit the final proposal to the European Commission.
As a white inorganic pigment, titanium dioxide comes from rocks and minerals and has been used in many products for decades.
According to the Titanium Dioxide Sub-center of the Productivity Promotion Center of the National Chemical Industry, according to ECHA CLP regulations (classification, labeling and packaging of substances/mixtures), if ANSES' proposal to classify titanium dioxide as 1B (human carcinogen) is accepted, all coatings containing titanium dioxide within the EU will probably be classified as carcinogens, and the affected countries will involve 28 EU member States as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
However, in the field of consumption, the use of carcinogens listed as 1A and 1B in CLP regulations is restricted, which means that coatings containing titanium dioxide in the formula will probably withdraw from the consumer retail field and can only be sold to professional users.
And once the European Council formally approves this document, environmental organizations around the world are likely to refer to the classification of the European Union, so that the global paint market will be affected!
For this document of ANSES, TDMA, a non-profit organization under the European Chemical Industry Council, issued a response statement, saying that it had carried out a classified evaluation study on titanium dioxide six years ago. According to this assessment report, within the scope of EU chemical REACH regulations, "based on scientific and effective research and assessment, titanium dioxide should not be classified as a toxic substance in any form". In addition, the results of an epidemiological study are the same as this conclusion. This study investigated the working conditions of 20,000 workers in 15 titanium dioxide manufacturing plants for decades, and the results showed that frequent contact with titanium dioxide would not harm their health.
TDMA said that it will announce the new findings and research progress of this product evaluation in time. At the same time, the association also said that it would "carefully study" the French proposal and provide detailed answers to ECHA's public consultation.
According to the data of China Titanium Dioxide Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, a paper by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) studied the carcinogenicity of titanium dioxide.
The paper points out that in the process of titanium dioxide production in the United States and Europe, the occupational exposure levels of workers exposed to titanium dioxide were screened in 1970 and 2000 respectively. Although the exposure level of related occupations such as site cleaning and maintenance is very high, the highest exposure level is titanium dioxide packaging and grinding, and the average occupational exposure level of inhalable dust reaches 6 mg. At present, there is no ready-made data to specify or quantify the occupational exposure standard of "ultrafine titanium dioxide" dust. However, workers in titanium dioxide production plants are not only exposed to titanium dioxide dust, but also directly exposed to particles such as ore powder, dust, strong acid and asbestos fiber.
In North America and Western Europe, three groups of "epidemiological cohort studies" and one group of "population-based case-control studies" were conducted to evaluate whether titanium dioxide can cause human cancer. The largest group of "epidemiological cohort studies" is aimed at workers in titanium dioxide industry, who come from six European countries. & gt
Question 4: Is nanometer titanium dioxide poisonous? Is long-term contact harmful to human body? Nano-titanium dioxide has very valuable optical properties and shows bright prospects in automobile industry and many fields. Nano-TiO2 _ 2 also has high chemical stability, thermal stability, non-toxicity, super hydrophilicity and non-migration, and can completely contact with food, so it is widely used in the fields of anti-ultraviolet materials, textiles, photocatalytic catalysts, self-cleaning glass, sunscreen, coatings, inks, food packaging materials, paper industry, aerospace industry and lithium batteries.
1., sterilization function
Long-term sterilization under the action of ultraviolet rays in light. The experiment shows that anatase nano-TiO _ 2 with the concentration of 0. 1mg/cm3 can completely kill malignant Hela cells, and with the increase of SOD addition, the efficiency of photocatalytic killing cancer cells by TiO _ 2 is also improved. The killing rate of Bacillus subtilis is different. Aspergillus Niger spores, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Cladosporium and Aspergillus all reached more than 98%. Advanced treatment of tap water by TiO2 _ 2 photocatalytic oxidation can greatly reduce the number of bacteria in water, and it has no mutagenic effect after drinking, reaching the standard of safe drinking water. Adding nano-TiO2 _ 2 into the paint can make antibacterial and antifouling paint with sterilization, antifouling, deodorization and self-cleaning, which can be used in hospital wards, operating rooms, home bathrooms and other places where bacteria are dense and easy to breed, and play the roles of purifying the air, preventing infection and deodorizing. Can effectively kill harmful bacteria and so on.
2, anti-ultraviolet function
Nano-titanium dioxide can not only absorb ultraviolet rays, but also reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays and transmit visible light. It is a kind of physical ultraviolet shielding agent with excellent performance and great development prospect.
Anti-ultraviolet mechanism of nanometer titanium dioxide;
According to different wavelengths, ultraviolet light is divided into short-wave region 190 ~ 280 nm, medium-wave region 280~320 nm and long-wave region 320 ~ 400 nm. The ultraviolet energy in the short-wave region is the highest, but it is blocked when it passes through the ozone layer. Therefore, it is generally the ultraviolet rays in the medium wave region and the long wave region that cause harm to the human body.
Nano-titanium dioxide has strong ultraviolet resistance because of its high refraction and high light activity. Its anti-ultraviolet ability and its mechanism are related to its particle size: when the particle size is large, the blocking of ultraviolet rays is mainly reflection and scattering, and it is effective for both medium-wave and long-wave ultraviolet rays. The sun protection mechanism is simple covering, which belongs to general physical sun protection and has weak sun protection ability; With the decrease of particle size, light can penetrate through the surface of nano-TiO _ 2 particles, and the reflection and scattering of ultraviolet rays in long wave region are not obvious, but the absorption of ultraviolet rays in medium wave region is obviously enhanced. Its sun protection mechanism is to absorb ultraviolet rays, mainly absorbing ultraviolet rays in the medium wave region.
It can be seen that the sunscreen mechanism of nano-TiO _ 2 for ultraviolet rays with different wavelengths is different. The main barrier of long-wave ultraviolet is scattering, and the main barrier of medium-wave ultraviolet is absorption.
Nano-titanium dioxide shows excellent absorption performance in different wavelength regions. Compared with other organic sunscreens, nano-titanium dioxide has the characteristics of non-toxicity, stable performance and good effect. Japan Shiseido uses 10- 100nm nano-titanium dioxide as a sunscreen ingredient to add to lipsticks and creams, and its sunscreen coefficient can be as high as SPF1-19.
Because of its small particle size and high activity, nano-TiO _ 2 can not only reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays, but also absorb ultraviolet rays, so it has strong blocking ability to ultraviolet rays. VK-T02 nano-titanium dioxide has a higher absorption peak in the ultraviolet region than some organic ultraviolet protectants with the same dosage. What is more valuable is that it is also a broad-spectrum shielding agent, unlike organic ultraviolet protectants which only absorb UVA or UVB. It can also transmit visible light. When it is added to cosmetics, the whiteness of skin is natural. Unlike pigment-grade TiO2, it can't transmit visible light, resulting in unnatural color on the user's face.
With its transparency and ultraviolet absorption capacity, nano-TiO2 _ 2 can also be used as food packaging film, ink, coating, textile products and plastic filler, which can replace organic ultraviolet absorber and improve the aging resistance of coatings.
3. Photocatalytic function
It is found that when titanium dioxide is activated under the action of sunlight or ultraviolet rays in light, it can produce free radicals with high catalytic activity, strong photooxidation and reduction ability, and catalyze the photolysis of various organic substances such as formaldehyde and some inorganic substances attached to the surface of objects. Can play a role in purifying indoor air.
4, anti-fog and self-cleaning function
TiO2 _ 2 film has super hydrophilicity and super durability under illumination, so it has anti-fog function. For example, the coating on automobile rearview mirror ... >>
Question 5: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide has no biological toxicity.
Question 6: Can titanium dioxide be used as a food additive? Is it harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide is a stable metal oxide. Titanium dioxide with high purity and low content of harmful metal elements can be used as food additives because of its strong inertia, high whiteness and hiding power. For example, the titanium dioxide white pigment produced in Shanghai is specially used as a food additive, which is generally used in xylitol, jelly, candy, flour, fish balls, drinks and so on! This is approved by the State Quality Supervision Bureau, and there is no problem in using titanium dioxide as a food additive.
What you said is harmful to human body, but I need to answer it for you. Some food factories or cosmetics factories use industrial titanium dioxide as food additives, and its harmful metals, such as arsenic, lead, mercury and antimony, are not up to standard, so this statement is definitely harmful!
Question 7: Toxicity of titanium dioxide Titanium is a heavy metal, and there is no toxic heavy metal substance at present; The toxicity of TiO2 _ 2 compound is relatively low, which can be regarded as non-toxic, stable and harmless to human body (although it has no toxic effect by absorbing a small amount of titanium ions).
For more details, you can look at the toxicological data of baike.baidu/view/27244#6 ~
Question 8: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? In particular titanium dioxide used as a food additive. Titanium dioxide is a white powder; Odorless and tasteless substance. The committee of scientific experts studying food additives, food flavors, processing AIDS and food-related materials has begun to discuss the safety of rutile titanium dioxide instead of anatase titanium dioxide which is currently allowed to be used. Titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) is an edible pigment, and JECFA does not specify ADI value. JECFA 1969。 The basis of this conclusion is that in a large number of species studies, including human studies, titanium dioxide has not been found to be absorbed in large quantities and accumulated in tissues. In the European Union, titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) is listed as an edible pigment allowed in Annex I of European Regulation 94/36. The produced titanium dioxide has two crystal structures ―― anatase and rutile. It is stipulated in 94/36/ Regulation that only anatase type is allowed for titanium dioxide. JECFA stipulates that two forms are allowed. The expert committee thinks that rutile and anatase titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) have similar chemical properties, but their crystal structures and light reflectivity are different. The evaluator agrees that the study of new bioavailability shows that the bioavailability of these two forms is basically the same, and the latest toxicological data is applicable to either form. The reviewer also suggested that although the comments only showed the suggestion of the requester to use this flaky rutile titanium dioxide, this type of titanium dioxide may replace anatase titanium dioxide in various application fields at present.
Question 9: Is titanium dioxide toxic when used in cosmetics? Non-toxic, titanium dioxide basically has no chemical activity.
The US Food and Drug Administration stipulates that titanium dioxide can be used as a white pigment for all foods, and the maximum dosage is 1g/kg Sec. 73.575 titanium dioxide The pigment additive titanium dioxide can be safely used in general colored foods, but it must meet the following requirements:
(1) The amount of titanium dioxide shall not exceed 1% of the food weight.
(2) According to the special standard published in Article 40 1 of the Law, colored food shall not be used unless similar standards allow the addition of pigment.
(3) For colored food, the edible pigment additive titanium dioxide can contain appropriate diluent as a safe pigment additive, as follows: silica, as a dispersion assistant, with the content not exceeding 2%.
Product adaptation: preserved fruit, jelly, fried food, cocoa products, chocolate, chocolate products, hard candy, polishing sugar, gum sugar, puffed food, candy chocolate product coating, mayonnaise, salad dressing, jam, solid beverage, konjac gel food, etc.
A lot of titanium dioxide can be added to many foods, and cosmetics are no problem.
Question 10: Is titanium dioxide harmful to human body? Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is chemically stable and generally does not react with most substances. There are three kinds of crystals of titanium dioxide in nature: flaky titanium, anatase and rutile. Electroplated titanium is an unstable crystal form and has no industrial use value. Anatase and rutile are stable crystal lattices and are important white pigments and enamels. Compared with other white pigments, they have superior whiteness, coloring power, hiding power, weather resistance, heat resistance and chemical stability, especially non-toxic. Titanium dioxide is widely used in coatings, plastics, rubber, printing ink, papermaking, chemical fiber, ceramics, daily chemicals, medicine, food and other industries. The coating industry is the biggest user of titanium dioxide, especially rutile titanium dioxide, which is mostly consumed by the coating industry. The paint made of titanium dioxide has bright colors, high hiding power, strong coloring power, small dosage and many varieties, which can protect the stability of the medium, enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the paint film, prevent cracking, prevent the penetration of ultraviolet rays and moisture and prolong the life of the paint film.
Titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide) generally does not react with most substances. However, the parts of the human body in contact with the outside world have corresponding defense mechanisms to prevent harmful substances from entering. However, these defense mechanisms have limited effect on nano-TiO2 particles. Respiratory tract, epidermis and digestive tract are the three main parts where nanoparticles invade human body. Generally speaking, respiratory tract contact with nanoparticles is the most common way, so the most research on the biotoxicity of nano-titanium dioxide is lung toxicity. 2. Toxic effect of1on lung: After the lung is exposed to insoluble particles, with the extension of exposure time, inflammatory symptoms such as proliferation of inflammatory cells, injury of alveolar epithelial cells and increase of lung weight appear one after another. Zhang et al [using 1mg of 30nm nanometer titanium dioxide? L- 1 was injected into mice. After 30 days, it was found that the lung weight of mice increased significantly, while the total number of lung cells decreased by 50%. Afaq et al. [] also confirmed that ultrafine titanium dioxide (20nm) particles can cause interstitial lung tissue, induce inflammatory reaction and increase epithelial tissue permeability. Warheit et al [Research shows that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause instantaneous inflammation and cell damage within 24 hours. 2.2 Toxic effects on heart, liver, kidney, brain and other tissues. Nano-titanium dioxide can be transported to various organs, including the brain and heart, and has toxic effects on other organs because of its small particle size. Studies have confirmed that nano-TiO _ 2 can cause pathological changes in the circulatory system. Nurkiewicz et al. [found] Dropping 0. 1 or 0.25mg titanium dioxide with a particle size of 1μm into rat trachea for 24h caused dose-dependent damage to vascular endothelial cells. When Wang et al. [] studied the acute toxicity of titanium dioxide at 25 nm, 80 nm and 155nm, they found that 5g? After oral administration of kg- 1, two weeks later, it was found that the heart damage caused by 25 and 80nm groups was more serious than that caused by 155nm group. Titanium dioxide at 80 nm and 155nm also caused vacuoles in hippocampal neurons, indicating that there was fatty degeneration in the brain and that nano-titanium dioxide was neurotoxic. At the same time, the liver coefficient of mice in 25 nm and 80nm groups increased obviously, indicating that nano-TiO _ 2 can trigger inflammatory reaction in mice's liver. Pathological examination also found edema and necrosis of hepatic lobules. 80nm TiO _ 2 mainly accumulates in the liver, which proves that nano-TiO _ 2 has hepatotoxicity. At the same time, it was also found that there was a large amount of protein in the renal tubular fluid of mice in the 80nm group, and severe glomerular swelling occurred in the 155nm group, indicating that nano titanium dioxide was toxic to the kidney. Baan et al.' s research shows that pigment-grade titanium dioxide is potentially carcinogenic to human beings.